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Updating RFC-102 (almost completed).

\documentclass[12pt]{jarticle}
\IfFileExists{my.sty}{\usepackage{my}}{}
\IfFileExists{graphicx.sty}{\usepackage{graphicx}}{}
\IfFileExists{epsfig.sty}{\usepackage{epsfig}}{}
\title{OpenXM-RFC102 (Draft)}
\author{$BLnO$(B $B@59T(B \\ ($B?@8MBgM}(B)}
\date{}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
\def\gr{Gr\"obner $B4pDl(B}
\def\st{\, s.t. \,}
\def\noi{\noindent} 
\def\ve{\vfill\eject} 

\section{server $B4VDL?.$NF3F~(B}

OpenXM-RFC-100, OpenXM-RFC-101 ($B0J2<(B RFC-100,RFC-101) $B$G$O(B, $B7W;;$O(B
client (master) $B$H(B server $B4V$N(B RPC (remote procedure call) $B$H$7$F9T$o$l$k(B. 
$B$3$N7ABV$G9T$&$3$H$,$G$-$kJ,;6JBNs7W;;$H$7$F$O(B

\begin{itemize}
\item master $B$,;E;v$rJ,3d$7$F!"3F(B server $B$K0MMj$9$k(B.
\item $B0l$D$N7W;;$K$$$/$D$+J}K!$,$"$k>l9g$K(B, $B$=$l$>$l$NJ}K!$r(B
$BJL!9$N(B server $B$K0MMj$9$k(B.
\end{itemize}

$B$J$I$,9M$($i$l(B, $B<B:]$KM-8z$G$"$k$3$H$r<B>Z$7$?(B \cite{OpenXM}.
$B$7$+$7(B, $B$5$i$KJ#;($JJ,;6JBNs7W;;%"%k%4%j%:%`$G$O(B,
server $B4V$NDL?.$,I,MW$K$J$k>l9g$,$"$k(B. $B8=>u$N(B RFC-100,101 $B$G$b(B,
server $B$,(B tree $B>u$K7k9g$7$FJ,;67W;;$r9T$&$3$H$O$G$-$k$,(B,
$B$3$N>l9g$"$/$^$G0lJ}$,(B client, $BB>J}$,(B server $B$H$7$FF0:n$7$F$$$k(B.
$BNc$($P(B, ScaLAPACK $B$N$h$&$K(B, $B3F(B process $B$,9TNs$N(B
$B0lIt$rJ];}$7$F(B, $BF10l$N%W%m%0%i%`$r<B9T$7$J$,$i(B LU $BJ,2r$r$7$F(B
$B$$$/(B, $B$H$$$C$?JBNs%"%k%4%j%:%`$r<BAu$9$k$N$OFq$7$$(B.
$B$3$N>l9g(B, pivot $BA*Br$N$?$a$K(B, $BJ#?t(B process $B4V$GJ];}$5$l$F$$$k(B
$BCM$N:GBgCM$r7hDj$7$?$j(B, $B9T$NF~$l49$($r9T$C$?$j$9$k$?$a$K(B,
process $B4V$G$N%G!<%?$N$d$j$H$j$,I,MW$H$J$k(B. 

$B$5$i$KC1=c$JNc$H$7$F$O(B broadcast $B$,$"$k(B. $BNc$($P(B, $B$"$kB?9`<0=89g(B $G$
$B$,%0%l%V%J!<4pDl$+$I$&$+%A%'%C%/$9$k$K$O(B, $G$ $B$+$i:n$i$l$kA4$F$N(B S-$BB?9`<0$,(B
$G$ $B$K$h$j(B 0 $B$K4JLs$5$l$k$3$H$r<($;$P$h$$!#8D!9$N4JLsA`:n$OFHN)$J$N$G(B,
$BE,Ev$KJ,3d$7$FJBNs7W;;$G$-$k$,(B, $B$^$:(B $G$ $B$r3F(B server $B$KAw$kI,MW$,$"$k(B.
$B$3$l$O(B, RFC-100 $B$N$b$H$G$O(B master $B$,3F(B server $B$K=g$KAw$k$N$G(B, server $B$N(B
$B?t(B $N$ $B$KHfNc$7$?<j4V$,$+$+$k$,(B, server $B4VDL?.$,;H$($l$P(B, $\log N$ $B$K(B
$BHfNc$7$?<j4V$GAw$k$3$H$b$G$-$k(B.

$B$3$l$i$O$4$/8B$i$l$?Nc$G$"$k$,(B, $B=EMW$J$3$H$O(B, 
$B$h$j9bEY$JJ,;6JBNs7W;;$,<B83$G$-$k$h$&$J5!G=$rDs0F$7(B, $B<BAu$9$k$3$H$G$"$k(B.
$B0J2<$G$O(B MPI-2 \cite{MPI2} $B$GDj5A$5$l$?F0E*%W%m%;%9@8@.(B, $B%W%m%;%9%0%k!<%W4V$G$N(B
broadcast $B$N;EMM$r;29M$K(B, OpenXM $B$K$*$1$k(B server $B4VDL?.$K$D$$$F(B
$B=R$Y$k(B.

\section{server $B$N5/F0$H(B server $B4VDL?.O)$N3+@_(B}

server $B$O(B RFC-100, 101 $B$K$h$j5/F0$5$l$k$H$9$k(B. server $B$O5/F0$5$l$?(B
$B;~E@$G$O(B master $B$H$NDL?.O)$N$_$r;}$D(B. server-server $B4V$NDL?.O)$O(B,
master $B$+$i(B SM $B%3%^%s%I$K$h$j3+@_$5$l$k(B. RFC-100, 101 $B$G$O(B,
master-server $B4V$NDL?.O)$O(B, server $B$,5/F0$7$?;~E@$G$9$G$KB8:_$7$F(B
$B$$$?$,(B, RFC-102 $B$KBP1~$9$k$?$a$K$O(B server $B$,B>$N%W%m%;%9$N(B
$BDL?.O)$r3+@_$9$k$?$a$N;EAH$_$r<BAu$7$F$$$kI,MW$,$"$k(B.

\begin{enumerate}
\item
\begin{verbatim}
SM_set_rank_102
\end{verbatim}

server $B4V$N(B broadcast $B$O(B, $B$$$/$D$+$N(B server $B$r%0%k!<%W2=$7$F9T$&$N$,(B
$B<+A3$G$"$k(B. $B4JC1$N$?$a(B, $B3F(B server $B$O(B, $B$?$@0l$D$N%0%k!<%W$KB0$9$k$H$9$k(B.
master $B$O(B, $B3F(B server $B$K(B, $B$=$N(B server $B$,B0$9$k%0%k!<%W$N%a%s%P!<$NAm?t(B
$nserver$ $B$H(B, $B$=$N%0%k!<%WFb$G$N<1JL;R(B $rank$ ($0\le rank \le nserver-1$)
$B$rDLCN$9$k(B.

Request:
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}  \hline
{\tt int32 OX\_COMMAND} & {\tt int32 SM\_set\_rank\_102} \\ \hline
{\tt int32 $nserver$} & {\tt int32 $rank$} \\
\hline
\end{tabular}

Output: none.

\item
\begin{verbatim}
SM_tcp_accept_102
\end{verbatim}

Request:
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}  \hline
{\tt int32 OX\_COMMAND} & {\tt int32 SM\_accept\_102} \\ \hline
{\tt int32 $port$} & {\tt int32 $peer$} \\
\hline
\end{tabular}

Stack after the request:
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}  \hline
{\tt int32 OX\_DATA} & {\tt int32 $status$} \\
\hline
\end{tabular}

Output: none.

$B<!9`$N(B {\tt SM\_tcp\_connect\_102} $B$H%Z%"$G(B, $B4{$KB8:_$7$F$$$k(B 2 $B$D$N(B server 
$B$N4V$N(B TCP/IP $B$K$h$kDL?.O)$r3+@_$9$k(B. $port$ $B$O(B, master $B$,(B ($B%i%s%@%`$K(B) $BA*$s$@(B
TCP $B$N%]!<%HHV9f$G$"$k(B. $B$3$N%j%/%(%9%H$r<u$1<h$k$H(B, server $B$O(B, 
bind, listen, accept $BF0:n$r<B9T$7(B, connect $BBT$A>uBV$KF~$k(B. $B$$$:$l$+$NF0:n(B
$B$K$*$$$F%(%i!<$r@8$8$?>l9g$K$O(B $status$ $B$H$7$F(B $-1$, $B@.8y$7$?>l9g$K$O(B
$0$ $B$r%9%?%C%/$KCV$/(B. $peer$ $B$O(B, $BAj<j$N(B server $B$N%0%k!<%WFb$G$N<1JL;R(B
$B$G$"$k(B.

\item
\begin{verbatim}
SM_tcp_connect_102
\end{verbatim}

Request:
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}  \hline
{\tt int32 OX\_COMMAND} & {\tt int32 SM\_tcp\_connect\_102} \\ \hline
{\tt int32 CMO\_String} & {$hostname$} \\ \hline
{\tt int32 $port$} & {\tt int32 $peer$} \\
\hline
\end{tabular}

Stack after the request:
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}  \hline
{\tt int32 OX\_DATA} & {\tt int32 $status$} \\
\hline
\end{tabular}

Output: none.

$BA09`$N(B {\tt SM\_tcp\_accept\_102} $B$H%Z%"$G(B, $B4{$KB8:_$7$F$$$k(B 2 $B$D$N(B server
$B$N4V$N(B TCP/IP $B$K$h$kDL?.O)$r3+@_$9$k(B. $host$ $B$OAj<j$N(B server $B$,F0:n$7$F(B
$B$$$k%[%9%HL>$G$"$k(B. $host$ $B>e(B, $B%]!<%HHV9f(B $port$ $B$G(B accept $B$7$F$$$k(B server $B$KBP$7(B,
connect $B$9$k(B. 
$B%(%i!<$r@8$8$?>l9g$K$O(B $status$ $B$H$7$F(B $-1$, $B@.8y$7$?>l9g$K$O(B
$0$ $B$r%9%?%C%/$KCV$/(B. $peer$ $B$O(B, $BAj<j$N(B server $B$N%0%k!<%WFb$G$N<1JL;R$G$"$k(B.

\end{enumerate}

\section{server $B4V$NDL?.(B}

RFC-102 $B2<$G$N%W%m%0%i%_%s%0%9%?%$%k$O(B, $B4pK\E*$K$O(B RFC-100,101 $B$HJQ$o$i$J$$(B.
$B$9$J$o$A(B, master $B$G$"$k%W%m%0%i%`$,<B9T$5$l(B, $BI,MW$K1~$8$F(B server $B$K(B
$B;E;v$,0MMj$5$l(B, master $B$O$=$N7k2L$r;H$C$F<+$i$N;E;v$rB39T$9$k(B.
$B$3$l$K2C$($F(B, RFC-102 $B$G$O(B, server $B$I$&$7$,!V<+N'E*!W$K%G!<%?$NAw<u?.(B
$B$r9T$&$3$H$,$G$-$k(B. $B$3$N$?$a(B, server $B$O(B, server $B4VDL?.O)$K(B OX $B%G!<%?$r(B
$BAw?.$9$k5!G=(B, $B$^$?!"(Bserver $B4VDL?.O)$+$i(B OX $B%G!<%?$r<u?.$9$k5!G=$r(B
$BDs6!$7$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$(B. 

\subsection{broadcast $B$*$h$S(B reduction}

server $B4VDL?.$rMxMQ$9$k:G$bE57?E*$JNc$H$7$F(B broadcast $B$,$"$k(B.

\begin{enumerate}
\item $B%0%k!<%WFb(B broadcast

$B%0%k!<%WFb$N(B broadcast $B$O(B, $B$$$o$f$k(B collective operation $B$H$7$F<B9T$5(B
$B$l$k(B. $B$9$J$o$A(B, $B%0%k!<%WFb$N3F(B server $B$G$=$l$>$lFHN)$K<B9T$5$l$F$$$k%W(B
$B%m%0%i%`$K$*$$$F(B, $B0l@F$K$"$k4X?t$r8F$S=P$9$3$H$K$h$j(B, $B$=$N4X?t$+$iI|5"(B
$B$7$?$H$-$K(B, broadcast $B$5$l$?%G!<%?$,JV$5$l$k(B, $B$H$$$&7A$r$H$k(B. $B$3$N>l9g(B
$B$K%G!<%?$NH/?.85(B (root)$B$N<1JL;R$O3F(B server $B$,$"$i$+$8$aCN$C$F$*$/I,MW$,$"$k(B.

\item master $B$+$i(B server $B%0%k!<%W$X$N(B broadcast

master $B$+$i(B server $B%0%k!<%W$X$N(B broadcast $B$O(B, $B%0%k!<%WFb$N(B
server $B$,%9%?%C%/%3%^%s%IBT$A>uBV$K9T$&$3$H$,$G$-$k$H$9$k(B.
$B$3$N>l9g(B, master $B$O$"$k0l$D$N(B server $B$K(B data $B$r(B push $B$9$k(B.
$B$3$N(B server $B$N<1JL;R$r(B $root$ $B$H$9$k(B.
$B$=$N8e(B, $B%0%k!<%WFb$NA4(B server $B$K(B, $root$ $B$rH/?.85$H$9$k(B
broadcast $B$r<B9T$5$;$k$?$a$N%3%^%s%I$rC`<!Aw?.$9$k(B.
\end{enumerate}

$B0J2<$G$O(B, $B%0%k!<%WFb$G(B broadcast $B$r9T$&<jB3$-$r(B, MPI $B$G$N<BAu$K(B
$B$7$?$,$C$F@bL@$9$k(B. $B4JC1$N$?$a(B $root$ $B$,(B $0$ $B$G$"$k$H$7$F(B,
$B<1JL;R$,(B $b2^k$ ($b$ $B$O4q?t(B) $B$G$"$k(B server $B$NF0:n$r@bL@$9$k(B.

\begin{enumerate}
\item $B<1JL;R$,(B $(b-1)2^k$ $B$G$"$k(B server $B$+$i%G!<%?$r<u?.$9$k(B.
\item $B<1JL;R$,(B $b2^k+2^i$ $(i=k-1,\ldots,0)$ $B$N(B server $B$K%G!<%?$rAw?.$9$k(B.
\end{enumerate}

$B$3$NJ}K!$K$h$l$P(B, 
$B2<0L$K$h$jD9$/O"B3$7$F(B 0 $B$,8=$o$l$k<1JL;R$r;}$D(B server $B$[$I(B
$B@h$K%G!<%?$rAw?.$7;O$a$k$?$a(B, $B%G%C%I%m%C%/$K$O$J$i$J$$(B. $B$^$?(B,
$BFHN)$J%Z%"$I$&$7$NDL?.$,F1;~$K9T$($k$H$9$l$P(B, $B%0%k!<%WFb$N(B
server $B$NAm?t$r(B $nserver$ $B$H$9$k$H$-(B, $B9b!9(B $\lceil \log_2 nserver\rceil$
$B%9%F%C%W8e$K$OA4$F$N(B server $B$K%G!<%?$,9T$-EO$k(B.

$B0J2<$K(B, {\tt ox\_asir} $B$K$*$1$k<BAu$r<($9(B.

\begin{verbatim}
void ox_bcast_102(int root,Obj *rp)
{
    Obj data;
    int r,mask,id,src,dst;

    data = *rp;
    r = myrank_102-root;
    if ( r < 0 ) r += nserver_102;
    for ( mask = 1; mask < nserver_102; mask <<= 1 )
        if ( r&mask ) {
            src = myrank_102-mask;
            if ( src < 0 ) src += nserver_102;
            ox_recv_102(src,&id,&data);
            break;
        }
    for ( mask >>= 1; mask > 0; mask >>= 1 )
        if ( (r+mask) < nserver_102 ) {
            dst = myrank_102+mask;
            if ( dst >= nserver_102 ) dst -= nserver_102;
            ox_send_data_102(dst,data);
        }
    *rp = data;
}
\end{verbatim}

$BF1MM$N<jB3$-$K(B reduction $B$,$"$k(B. $B$3$l$O(B, $B3F(B server $B$K$"$k%G!<%?$r(B, 2 
$B9`1i;;$K$h$j=hM}$7$F$$$-(B, $B:G8e$K(B $root$ $B$K1i;;7k2L$,=8$a$i$l$k<jB3$-$G(B
$B$"$k(B.  $B$3$N>l9g$b(B, $B4JC1$N$?$a(B $root$ $B$,(B $0$ $B$G$"$k$H$7$F(B, $B<1JL;R$,(B 
$B<1JL;R$,(B $b$ $B$N(B server $B$G$O(B, $b$ $B$r2<0L%S%C%H$+$i=g$K8+$F(B,

\begin{enumerate}
\item $B$=$N%S%C%H$,(B 1 $B$J$i(B, $B$=$N%S%C%H$r(B 0 $B$K$7$?<1JL;R$r$b$D(B server 
($B$=$l$OI,$:B8:_$9$k(B) $B$K%G!<%?$rAw?.$7$F=*N;(B.
\item $B$=$N%S%C%H$,(B 0 $B$G(B, $B$=$N%S%C%H$r(B 1 $B$K$7$?CM$,(B $nserver-1$ $B0J2<(B
$B$J$i(B, $B$=$3$+$i%G!<%?$r<u?.$9$k(B. $B$=$N%G!<%?$H<j;}$A$N%G!<%?(B
$B$N(B 2 $B9`1i;;7k2L$G<j;}$A%G!<%?$r99?7$9$k(B.
\end{enumerate}

$B$3$NJ}K!$K$h$l$P(B, $B:G=*7k2L$O(B $root$ $B$K%G!<%?$,=8$a$i$l$k(B. $B$3$N>l9g$K$b(B,
server $B$NAm?t$r(B $nserver$ $B$H$9$k$H$-(B, $B9b!9(B $\lceil \log_2 nserver\rceil$
$B%9%F%C%W8e$K$O<jB3$-$,=*N;$9$k(B.

\begin{verbatim}
void ox_reduce_102(int root,void (*func)(),Obj data,Obj *rp)
{
    Obj data0,t;
    int r,mask,id,src,dst;

    r = myrank_102-root;
    if ( r < 0 ) r += nserver_102;
    for ( mask = 1; mask < nserver_102; mask <<= 1 )
        if ( r&mask ) {
            dst = (r-mask)+root;
            if ( dst >= nserver_102 ) dst -= nserver_102;
            ox_send_data_102(dst,data);
            break;
        } else {
            src = r+mask;
            if ( src < nserver_102 ) {
                src += root;
                if ( src >= nserver_102 ) src -= nserver_102;
                ox_recv_102(src,&id,&data0);
                (*func)(CO,data,data0,&t); data = t;
            }
        }
    if ( !r )
        *rp = data;
    else
        *rp = 0;
}
\end{verbatim}


\section{$B%(%i!<=hM}(B}

server $B$O(B RFC-100,101 $B$N(B $B%j%;%C%H%W%m%H%3%k$r<BAu$7$F$$$l$P(B,
master $B$+$i(B server $B$r%j%;%C%H$7(B, master-server $B4V$NDL?.O)$r(B
$B%j%;%C%H$9$k$3$H$O$G$-$k(B. $B$3$l$K2C$($F(B,$B%0%k!<%WFb$N(B server $B4VDL?.O)(B
$B$r%j%;%C%H$9$kI,MW$,$"$k(B. $B<1JL;R$,(B $i$ ($0\le i \le nserver$) 
$B$N(B server $B$NF0:n$O<!$N$h$&$K$J$k(B.

\begin{tabbing}
\underline{$B<1JL;R$,(B $i$ ($0\le i \le nserver$) $B$N(B server $B$NF0:n(B}\\
for \= $j = 0$ \= to $i-1$ do\\
    \> do\\
    \>         \>$data$ $\leftarrow$ $B<1JL;R(B $j$ $B$N(B server $B$+$i$N(B OX $B%G!<%?(B\\
    \> while $data \neq$ {\tt OX\_SYNC\_BALL}\\
end for\\
for $j = i+1$ to $nserver-1$ do\\
    \> {\tt OX\_SYNC\_BALL} $B$r(B $B<1JL;R(B $j$ $B$N(B server $B$KAw?.(B\\
end for
\end{tabbing}
$B$3$N<j=g$K$h$j(B, $B%G%C%I%m%C%/$J$7$KA4$F$NDL?.O)$r6u$K$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k(B.
$B$3$NA`:n$O(B, master-server $BDL?.O)$N%j%;%C%H8e$K9T$o$l$k$?$a(B, $B3F(B server
$B$O(B master $B$+$i$N%G!<%?BT$A>uBV$K$"$k(B. $B$h$C$F(B, $B<!$N(B SM $B%3%^%s%I$r(B
$B3F(B server $B$K0l@F$KAw$k$3$H$K$h$j9T$&(B.

\begin{verbatim}
SM_reset_102
\end{verbatim}

Request:
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}  \hline
{\tt int32 OX\_COMMAND} & {\tt int32 SM\_reset\_102} \\ \hline
\end{tabular}

Output: none.

\section{API}

$B0J2<(B, asir $B$K$*$1$k(B RFC-102 $B4XO"$N(B API $B$r>R2p$9$k(B.

\subsection{server $B4VDL?.O)3+@_(B}

$B0J2<$N4X?t$O(B, master $BMQ$KMQ0U$5$l$?$b$N$G(B, SM $B%3%^%s%IAw?.MQ$N(B
wrapper $B$G$"$k(B.

\begin{itemize}
\item {\tt ox\_set\_rank\_102($Server$,$Nserver$,$Rank$)}

$Server$ $B$,B0$9$k%0%k!<%W$KB0$9$k(B server $B$NAm?t(B $Nserver$ $B$H(B,
$B$=$N(B server $B$N%0%k!<%WFb<1JL;R(B $Rank$ $B$rDLCN$9$k(B. 

\item {\tt ox\_tcp\_accept\_102($Server$,$Port$,$Rank$)}

$Server$ $B$KBP$7(B, $B%]!<%HHV9f(B $Port$ $B$G(B, 
$B<1JL;R(B $Rank$ $B$N(B server $B$+$i$N(B connect $BBT$A>uBV$KF~$k$h$&;X<($9$k(B.
$BDL?.$,@.N)$7$?$i(B, $BAw<u?.%P%C%U%!$N%;%C%H%"%C%W(B, 
$BAj<j@h%F!<%V%k$X$NEPO?$J$I$r9T$&(B.

\item {\tt ox\_tcp\_connect\_102($Server$,$Host$,$Port$,$Rank$)}

$Server$ $B$KBP$7(B, $B%[%9%HL>(B $Host$ $B$N%]!<%HHV9f(B $Port$ $B$N(B TCP $B%]!<%H$KBP$7$F(B 
connect $B$9$k$h$&;X<($9$k(B.
$BDL?.$,@.N)$7$?$i(B, $BAw<u?.%P%C%U%!$N%;%C%H%"%C%W(B, $BAj<j$r(B $Rank$ $B$H$7$F(B
$BAj<j@h%F!<%V%k$X$NEPO?$J$I$r9T$&(B.

\item {\tt ox\_reset\_102($Server$)}

$Server$ $B$KBP$7DL?.O)%j%;%C%HF0:n$r;X<($9$k(B. $B$3$NA`:n$O(B, $B%0%k!<%WFbA4$F$N(B server 
$B$G9T$o$l$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$(B.
\end{itemize}

\subsection{server $B4VDL?.(B}

\begin{itemize}
\item {\tt ox\_send\_102($Rank$,$Data$)}

$B<1JL;R(B $Rank$ $B$N(B server $B$K(B $Data$ $B$r(B OX $B%G!<%?$H$7$FAw?.$9$k(B.
$B<1JL;R(B $Rank$ $B$N(B server $B$OBP1~$9$k<u?.$r3+;O$7$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$(B.

\item {\tt ox\_recv\_102($Rank$)}

$B<1JL;R(B $Rank$ $B$N(B server $B$+$i(B OX $B%G!<%?$r<u?.$9$k(B.
$B<1JL;R(B $Rank$ $B$N(B server $B$OBP1~$9$kAw?.$r3+;O$7$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$(B.

\item {\tt ox\_bcast\_102($Rank$[,$Data$])}

$B<1JL;R(B $Rank$ $B$N(B server $B$r(B root $B$H$7$F(B, $B%0%k!<%WFb$G(B broadcast $B$9$k(B.
$Root$ $B$N$_(B $Data$ $B$r;XDj$9$kI,MW$,$"$k(B. $B3F(B server $B$G$NLa$jCM$O(B 
$Data$ $B$G$"$k(B.
\end{itemize}

\begin{thebibliography}{99}
\bibitem{OpenXM}
Maekawa, M. et al, The Design and Implementation of OpenXM-RFC 100 and 101.
Proceedings of ASCM2001, World Scientific, 102-111 (2001).
\bibitem{MPI2}
Gropp, W., et al, Using MPI-2 Advanced Features of the Message-Passing 
Interface. The MIT Press (1999).
\end{thebibliography}
\end{document}