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1.2     ! takayama    1: % $OpenXM: OpenXM/doc/ascm2001/openxm-stackmachines.tex,v 1.1 2001/03/07 02:42:11 noro Exp $
1.1       noro        2:
                      3: \section{OpenXM Stack machines}\label{sec:ox-stackmachines}
                      4:
                      5: In OpenXM specification, all servers are stack machines.
                      6: %These are called OpenXM stack machines.
                      7: When a server ox\_xyz gets an OX data message,
                      8: it translates the data into a local object of ox\_xyz
                      9: and pushes the object onto the stack.
                     10: The translation scheme
                     11: %% together with definitions of mathematical operations
                     12: %% of the system ox\_xyz
                     13: is called the {\it PhraseBook} of ox\_xyz (cf. OpenMath \cite{OpenMath}).
                     14: For example, the Asir command {\tt ox\_push\_cmo(P,1)}
                     15: (push integer $1$ onto the server $P$)
                     16: sends an OX data message
                     17: {\tt (OX\_DATA,(CMO\_ZZ,1))} to the server $P$.
                     18: Here,
                     19: {\tt OX\_DATA} stands for {\tt OX\_DATA} header and
                     20: {\tt (CMO\_ZZ,1)} is a body standing for $1$ expressed
                     21: by the CMO.
                     22: The server translates {\tt (CMO\_ZZ, 1)} to its internal object of
                     23: the integer  $1$
                     24: and pushes the object onto the stack.
                     25:
                     26: If the server gets an {\it OX command} message, then the server
                     27: executes the command.
                     28: Any OX command message starts with the int32 tag OX\_COMMAND.
                     29: The body is a stack machine operation code expressed by int32.
1.2     ! takayama   30: The codes are listed below \cite{ox-rfc-100}.
1.1       noro       31: \begin{verbatim}
                     32: #define SM_popSerializedLocalObject               258
                     33: #define SM_popCMO                                 262
                     34: #define SM_popString                              263
                     35: #define SM_mathcap                                264
                     36: #define SM_pops                                   265
                     37: #define SM_setName                                266
                     38: #define SM_evalName                               267
                     39: #define SM_executeStringByLocalParser             268
                     40: #define SM_executeFunction                        269
                     41: #define SM_beginBlock                             270
                     42: #define SM_endBlock                               271
                     43: #define SM_shutdown                               272
                     44: #define SM_setMathCap                             273
                     45: #define SM_executeStringByLocalParserInBatchMode  274
                     46: #define SM_getsp                                  275
                     47: #define SM_dupErrors                              276
                     48: #define SM_control_kill                          1024
                     49: #define SM_control_to_debug_mode                 1025
                     50: #define SM_control_exit_debug_mode               1026
                     51: #define SM_control_reset_connection              1030
                     52: \end{verbatim}
                     53:
                     54: OpenXM does not have a standard for mathematical operation sets
                     55: while it is a work in progress in the GAP group \cite{gap}.
                     56: Each OpenXM server has its own set of mathematical operations,
                     57: which are performed as follows.
                     58: First, arguments for a mathematical operation
                     59: and the number of the arguments are pushed.
                     60: Second,
                     61: the mathematical operator name,
                     62: such as {\tt fctr} (the factorization command of Asir),
                     63: is pushed as a string.
                     64: Finally, the stack machine command
                     65: {\tt SM\_executeFunction} (269) evaluates the operator and
                     66: pushes the result onto the stack
                     67: after poping the operator name, the number of arguments
                     68: and arguments.
                     69: For example, the following code factorizes $x^{100}-1$ by calling
                     70: {\tt ox\_asir} from Asir.
                     71: \begin{verbatim}
                     72: P = ox_launch();
                     73: ox_push_cmo(P,x^100-1); ox_push_cmo(P,ntoint32(1));
                     74: ox_push_cmo(P,"fctr");  ox_push_cmd(P,269);
                     75: Ans = ox_pop_cmo(P);
                     76: \end{verbatim}
                     77:
                     78: When an error has occurred on an OpenXM server,
                     79: an error object is pushed onto the stack
                     80: instead of a result of the computation.
                     81: The error object consists of the serial number of the OX message
                     82: which caused the error, and an error message.
                     83: \begin{verbatim}
                     84: [340] P = ox_launch()$
                     85: [341] ox_rpc(P,"fctr",1.2*x)$
                     86: [342] ox_pop_cmo(P);
                     87: error([8,fctr : invalid argument])
                     88: \end{verbatim}
                     89:
                     90: OpenXM server won't send error messages to the client
                     91: except when it receives a {\tt SM\_pop*} command.
                     92: OX stack machines work in the asynchronous mode which is similar
                     93: to X servers.
                     94: For servers of graphic and sound applications,
                     95: it may be an advantageous feature.
                     96: It is also possible to emulate RPC and a web server for MCP \cite{iamc}
                     97: on our asynchronous OX stack machines.
                     98:
                     99:
                    100:
                    101:
                    102: