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1.1     ! noro        1: % $OpenXM$
        !             2:
        !             3: \section{OpenXM Stack machines}\label{sec:ox-stackmachines}
        !             4:
        !             5: In OpenXM specification, all servers are stack machines.
        !             6: %These are called OpenXM stack machines.
        !             7: When a server ox\_xyz gets an OX data message,
        !             8: it translates the data into a local object of ox\_xyz
        !             9: and pushes the object onto the stack.
        !            10: The translation scheme
        !            11: %% together with definitions of mathematical operations
        !            12: %% of the system ox\_xyz
        !            13: is called the {\it PhraseBook} of ox\_xyz (cf. OpenMath \cite{OpenMath}).
        !            14: For example, the Asir command {\tt ox\_push\_cmo(P,1)}
        !            15: (push integer $1$ onto the server $P$)
        !            16: sends an OX data message
        !            17: {\tt (OX\_DATA,(CMO\_ZZ,1))} to the server $P$.
        !            18: Here,
        !            19: {\tt OX\_DATA} stands for {\tt OX\_DATA} header and
        !            20: {\tt (CMO\_ZZ,1)} is a body standing for $1$ expressed
        !            21: by the CMO.
        !            22: The server translates {\tt (CMO\_ZZ, 1)} to its internal object of
        !            23: the integer  $1$
        !            24: and pushes the object onto the stack.
        !            25:
        !            26: If the server gets an {\it OX command} message, then the server
        !            27: executes the command.
        !            28: Any OX command message starts with the int32 tag OX\_COMMAND.
        !            29: The body is a stack machine operation code expressed by int32.
        !            30: %The codes are listed below \cite{ox-rfc-100}.
        !            31: %\begin{verbatim}
        !            32: %#define SM_popSerializedLocalObject               258
        !            33: %#define SM_popCMO                                 262
        !            34: %#define SM_popString                              263
        !            35: %#define SM_mathcap                                264
        !            36: %#define SM_pops                                   265
        !            37: %#define SM_setName                                266
        !            38: %#define SM_evalName                               267
        !            39: %#define SM_executeStringByLocalParser             268
        !            40: %#define SM_executeFunction                        269
        !            41: %#define SM_beginBlock                             270
        !            42: %#define SM_endBlock                               271
        !            43: %#define SM_shutdown                               272
        !            44: %#define SM_setMathCap                             273
        !            45: %#define SM_executeStringByLocalParserInBatchMode  274
        !            46: %#define SM_getsp                                  275
        !            47: %#define SM_dupErrors                              276
        !            48: %#define SM_control_kill                          1024
        !            49: %#define SM_control_to_debug_mode                 1025
        !            50: %#define SM_control_exit_debug_mode               1026
        !            51: %#define SM_control_reset_connection              1030
        !            52: %\end{verbatim}
        !            53:
        !            54: OpenXM does not have a standard for mathematical operation sets
        !            55: while it is a work in progress in the GAP group \cite{gap}.
        !            56: Each OpenXM server has its own set of mathematical operations,
        !            57: which are performed as follows.
        !            58: First, arguments for a mathematical operation
        !            59: and the number of the arguments are pushed.
        !            60: Second,
        !            61: the mathematical operator name,
        !            62: such as {\tt fctr} (the factorization command of Asir),
        !            63: is pushed as a string.
        !            64: Finally, the stack machine command
        !            65: {\tt SM\_executeFunction} evaluates the operator and
        !            66: pushes the result onto the stack
        !            67: after poping the operator name, the number of arguments
        !            68: and arguments.
        !            69: %For example, the following code factorizes $x^{100}-1$ by calling
        !            70: %{\tt ox\_asir} from Asir.
        !            71: %\begin{verbatim}
        !            72: %P = ox_launch();
        !            73: %ox_push_cmo(P,x^100-1); ox_push_cmo(P,ntoint32(1));
        !            74: %ox_push_cmo(P,"fctr");  ox_push_cmd(P,269);
        !            75: %Ans = ox_pop_cmo(P);
        !            76: %\end{verbatim}
        !            77:
        !            78: When an error has occurred on an OpenXM server,
        !            79: an error object is pushed onto the stack
        !            80: instead of a result of the computation.
        !            81: %The error object consists of the serial number of the OX message
        !            82: %which caused the error, and an error message.
        !            83: %\begin{verbatim}
        !            84: %[340] P = ox_launch()$
        !            85: %[341] ox_rpc(P,"fctr",1.2*x)$
        !            86: %[342] ox_pop_cmo(P);
        !            87: %error([8,fctr : invalid argument])
        !            88: %\end{verbatim}
        !            89:
        !            90: OpenXM server won't send error messages to the client
        !            91: except when it receives a {\tt SM\_pop*} command.
        !            92: OX stack machines work in the asynchronous mode which is similar
        !            93: to X servers.
        !            94: %For servers of graphic and sound applications,
        !            95: %it may be an advantageous feature.
        !            96: %It is also possible to emulate RPC and a web server for MCP \cite{iamc}
        !            97: %on our asynchronous OX stack machines.
        !            98:
        !            99:
        !           100:
        !           101:
        !           102: