=================================================================== RCS file: /home/cvs/OpenXM/doc/calc2000/design-outline.tex,v retrieving revision 1.2 retrieving revision 1.6 diff -u -p -r1.2 -r1.6 --- OpenXM/doc/calc2000/design-outline.tex 2000/04/24 05:01:29 1.2 +++ OpenXM/doc/calc2000/design-outline.tex 2000/04/27 05:42:18 1.6 @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -% $OpenXM: OpenXM/doc/calc2000/design-outline.tex,v 1.1.1.1 2000/04/24 04:20:11 noro Exp $ +% $OpenXM: OpenXM/doc/calc2000/design-outline.tex,v 1.5 2000/04/26 08:18:30 noro Exp $ \section{Integration of Mathematical Software} @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ integration of software tools has three dimensions: data, control, and user interface. Data integration concerns with the exchange of data between different -software or same software. +programs or the same program. OpenMath \cite{OpenMath} and MP (Multi Protocol) \cite{GKW} are, for example, general purpose mathematical data protocols. They provide standard ways to express mathematical objects. @@ -29,19 +29,21 @@ by Wang \cite{iamc} is such a protocol for mathematics Although data and control are orthogonal to each other, real world requires both. The best way to evaluate and to improve such integration schemes is to implement and to use them on various -plaftforms. Dalmas et al. \cite{omimp} shows an implementation of -OpenMath API, where several systems such as Maple, REDUCE and -AXIOM/Aldor are made as servers. MP$+$MCP \cite{iamc} shows a design -of server inferface suited for interactive use and its limited +platforms. Dalmas et al. \cite{omimp} shows an implementation of +OpenMath API, where Maple, REDUCE and +AXIOM/Aldor are wrapped as servers. MP$+$MCP \cite{iamc} shows a design +of server interface suited for interactive use and its limited implementation on MAXIMA is reported. Lakshman et al. \cite{pseware} -proposes functionalities which a server should have and Maple has been -encapsulated as a server. These are all attempts to justify thier +proposes functionalities which a server should have and Maple is +encapsulated as a server. These are all attempts to justify their designs of protocols or architectures, but little is shown about their practical usefulness, especially for developing real applications of distributed computation. In this paper we propose a unified server interface fitting for both -interactive use and efficient batch processing. We hope to show its +interactive use and efficient batch processing. +It includes various supports for developing programs on distributed +environment. We will show its usability by implementing and using it on various platforms. %NetSolve \cite{netsolve}, OpenMath$+$MCP, MP$+$MCP \cite{iamc}, @@ -51,65 +53,47 @@ usability by implementing and using it on various plat \section{Design Outline of OpenXM} -%OpenXM (Open message eXchange protocol for Mathematics) -%is a project aiming to integrate data, control and user interfaces -%with design goals motivated by the followings. -%\begin{enumerate} -%\item Noro has been involved in the development of -%a computer algebra system Risa/Asir \cite{asir}. -%An interface for interactive distributed computations was introduced -%to Risa/Asir -%%% version 950831 released -%in 1995. -%The model of computation was RPC (remote procedure call). -%A robust interruption protocol was provided -%by two communication channels -%like the File Transfer Protocol (ftp). -%As an application of this protocol, -%a parallel speed-up was achieved for a Gr\"obner basis computation -%to determine all odd order replicable functions -%(Noro and McKay \cite{noro-mckay}). -%However, the protocol was local in Asir and we thought that we should -%design an open protocol. -%\item Takayama has developed -%a special purpose system Kan/sm1 \cite{kan}, -%which is a Gr\"obner engine for the ring of differential operators $D$. -%In order to implement algorithms in $D$-modules due to Oaku -%(see, e.g., \cite{sst-book}), -%factorizations and primary ideal decompositions are necessary. -%Kan/sm1 does not have an implementation for these and called -%Risa/Asir as a UNIX external program. -%This approach was not satisfactory. -%Especially, we could not write a clean interface code between these -%two systems. -%We thought that it is necessary to provide a data and control protocol -%for Risa/Asir to work as a server of factorization and primary ideal -%decomposition. -%\item We have been profited from increasing number -%of mathematical software tools. -%These are usually ``expert'' systems in one area of mathematics -%such as ideals, groups, numbers, polytopes, and so on. -%They have their own interfaces and data formats, -%which are fine for intensive users of these systems. -%However, a unified system will be more convenient -%for users who want to explore a new area of mathematics with these -%software tools or users who need these systems only occasionally. -% -%\item We believe that an open integrated system is a future of mathematical -%software. -%However, it might be just a dream without realizability. -%We want to build a prototype of such an open system by using -%existing standards, technologies and several mathematical software tools. -%We want to see how far we can go with this approach. -%\end{enumerate} -% -%Motivated with these, we started the OpenXM project with the following -%fundamental architecture. OpenXM (Open message eXchange protocol for Mathematics) is a project aiming to integrate data, control and user interfaces -with the following design goals. +with design goals motivated by the following. \begin{enumerate} +\item +An interface for interactive distributed computations was introduced +to Risa/Asir \cite{asir} in 1995. +As an application, +a parallel speed-up was achieved for a Gr\"obner basis computation +(Noro and McKay \cite{noro-mckay}). +However, the protocol was local in Asir and we thought that we should +design an open protocol. +\item +In order to implement algorithms in $D$-modules due to Oaku +(see, e.g., \cite{sst-book}), +Kan/sm1 \cite{kan} called Risa/Asir as a UNIX external program to +compute factorizations and primary ideal decompositions, +but the interface code was not clean. +We thought that it is necessary to provide a data and control protocol +for Risa/Asir to work as a server. + +\item +There are increasing number of ``expert'' systems which are useful +but which have their own interfaces and data formats. +A unified system integrating such systems +will be more convenient +for users who want to explore a new area of mathematics with these +software tools or users who need these systems only occasionally. + +\item We believe that an open integrated system is a future of mathematical +software. +However, it might be just a dream without realizability. +We want to build a prototype of such an open system by using +existing standards, technologies and several mathematical software tools. +We want to see how far we can go with this approach. +\end{enumerate} + +Motivated with these, we started the OpenXM project with the following +fundamental architecture. +\begin{enumerate} \item Communication is an exchange of messages. The messages are classified into three types: DATA, COMMAND, and SPECIAL. @@ -136,7 +120,7 @@ it may accept and execute not only stack machine comma but also its original command sequences. For example, if we send the following string to the {\tt ox\_asir} server -(OpenXM server based on Risa/Asir \cite{asir}) \\ +(OpenXM server based on Risa/Asir \\ \verb+ " fctr(x^100-y^100); " + \\ and call the stack machine command \\ \verb+ SM_executeStringByLocalParser + \\ @@ -144,6 +128,10 @@ then the server executes the asir command \\ \verb+ fctr(x^100-y^100); + (factorize $x^{100}-y^{100}$ over ${\bf Q}$) and pushes the result onto the stack. +\item Network transparent supports for controlling servers are provided. +For example OpenXM defines a robust reset procedure to restart computations +without any confusion in I/O buffers. +It is very useful for debugging programs running on distributed environment. \end{enumerate} OpenXM package is implemented on above fundamental architecture. Currently the following servers are available in the OpenXM package @@ -153,27 +141,29 @@ Currently the following servers are available in the O \item{\tt ox\_asir} A server for Risa/Asir, a general-purpose computer algebra system. It provides almost -all functinalities of Risa/Asir such as polynomial factorization, +all functionalities of Risa/Asir such as polynomial factorization, Gr\"obner basis computation and primary ideal decomposition. \item{\tt ox\_sm1} -A server for Kan/sm1 \cite{kan}, a system for computation in algebraic -analysis. -\item {\tt ox\_sm1\_phc} +A server for Kan/sm1, a system for computation in +the ring of differential operators including computation of Gr\"obner bases +and cohomology groups. +\item {\tt ox\_phc} A server for PHC pack \cite{phc}, a general-purpose solver for -polynomial systems by homotopy continuation. It is available only -on Linux. -\item {\tt ox\_sm1\_tigers} +polynomial systems by homotopy continuation. +\item {\tt ox\_tigers} A server for TiGERS \cite{tigers}, a system to enumerate all Gr\"obner bases of affine toric ideals. It can be used to determine the state polytope of a given affine toric ideal. -\item {\tt ox\_sm1\_gnuplot} +\item {\tt ox\_gnuplot} A server for GNUPLOT, a famous plotting tool. \item {\tt ox\_math} A server for Mathematica. \item {\tt OMproxy} A server for translation between CMO and OpenMath/XML expressions. It is written in Java. +This module provides Java classes OXmessage, CMO, and SM +for the OpenXM protocol, too. \end{description} In addition to these servers, Risa/Asir, Kan/sm1 and Mathematica can act as clients. @@ -190,7 +180,7 @@ The OpenXM on MPI \cite{MPI} is currently running on R as we will see in Section \ref{section:homog}. In this paper, we discuss only on systems for TCP/IP to concentrate on the core part of our design. - +Note that a C library interface is available for some servers.