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version 1.3, 2000/01/03 04:27:52 version 1.4, 2000/01/07 07:52:26
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 % $OpenXM: OpenXM/doc/issac2000/design-outline.tex,v 1.2 2000/01/02 07:32:11 takayama Exp $  % $OpenXM: OpenXM/doc/issac2000/design-outline.tex,v 1.3 2000/01/03 04:27:52 takayama Exp $
   
 \section{Design Outline}  \section{Design Outline}
   
Line 28  by Wang \cite{iamc} is such a protocol specialized to 
Line 28  by Wang \cite{iamc} is such a protocol specialized to 
   
 Although, data and control are orthogonal to each other,  Although, data and control are orthogonal to each other,
 real world requires both.  real world requires both.
 NetSolv \cite{netsolve}, OpenMath$+$MCP, MP$+$MCP \cite{iamc},  NetSolve \cite{netsolve}, OpenMath$+$MCP, MP$+$MCP \cite{iamc},
 and MathLink of Mathematica provide both data and control integration.  and MathLink of Mathematica provide both data and control integration.
 These are currently studied ways of data and control integration.  These are currently studied ways of data and control integration.
 Each integration method has their own special features due to their  Each integration method has their own special features due to their
Line 40  our motivations.
Line 40  our motivations.
 \begin{enumerate}  \begin{enumerate}
 \item Noro,  who is one of the authors of OpenXM, has developed a general  \item Noro,  who is one of the authors of OpenXM, has developed a general
 purpose computer algebra system Risa/Asir \cite{asir}.  purpose computer algebra system Risa/Asir \cite{asir}.
 A set of functions for interative distributed computations were introduced  A set of functions for interactive distributed computations were introduced
 in Risa/Asir version 950831 released in 1995.  in Risa/Asir version 950831 released in 1995.
 The model of computation was RPC (remote procedure call)  The model of computation was RPC (remote procedure call)
 and it had its own serialization method for objects.  and it had its own serialization method for objects.
 A robust interruption method was provided by having two communication channels  A robust interruption method was provided by having two communication channels
 like ftp, which implements the simple network management protocol.  like ftp, which implements the simple network management protocol.
 As an application of this robust and interractive distributed computation  As an application of this robust and interactive distributed computation
 system,  system,
 a huge Gr\"obner basis was computed  a huge Gr\"obner basis was computed
 to determine all replicable functions by Noro and McKay \cite{noro-mckay}.  to determine all replicable functions by Noro and McKay \cite{noro-mckay}.
Line 72  decade of the 20th century.
Line 72  decade of the 20th century.
 These are usually ``expert'' systems for one area of mathematics  These are usually ``expert'' systems for one area of mathematics
 such as ideals, groups, numbers, polytopes, and so on.  such as ideals, groups, numbers, polytopes, and so on.
 They have their own interfaces and data formats.  They have their own interfaces and data formats.
 Interfaces are usually specialied to a specific field of mathematics  Interfaces are usually specialized to a specific field of mathematics
 or poor because developers do not have time for designing user interface  or poor because developers do not have time for designing user interface
 languages.  languages.
 It is fine for intensive and serious users of these systems.  It is fine for intensive and serious users of these systems.
 %% x2 stands for x^2, specialized for polynomial ring.  %% x2 stands for x^2, specialized for polynomial ring.
 However, for users who want to explore a new area of mathematics with these  However, for users who want to explore a new area of mathematics with these
 softwares or users who need these systems only occasionally,  softwares or users who need these systems only occasionally,
 a unified system will be more convinient.  a unified system will be more convenient.
 For example, if we can call and use mathematical softwares  For example, if we can call and use mathematical softwares
 like CoCoa, GAP, Macaulay2, Porta, Singular, Snapea, $\ldots$  like CoCoa, GAP, Macaulay2, Porta, Singular, Snapea, $\ldots$
 from Asir, Axion, Maple, muPAD, Mathematica, and so on,  from Asir, Axion, Maple, muPAD, Mathematica, and so on,
Line 97  We want to see how far we can go with this approach.
Line 97  We want to see how far we can go with this approach.
 Motivated with these, we started the OpenXM project with the following  Motivated with these, we started the OpenXM project with the following
 fundamental architecture.  fundamental architecture.
 \begin{enumerate}  \begin{enumerate}
 \item Communication is an exchange of messages. The messages are classifed into  \item Communication is an exchange of messages. The messages are classified into
 three types:  three types:
 DATA, COMMAND, and others.  DATA, COMMAND, and others.
 The messages are called OX (OpenXM) messages.  The messages are called OX (OpenXM) messages.
Line 105  Mathematical data are wrapped with {\it OX messages}.
Line 105  Mathematical data are wrapped with {\it OX messages}.
 We use standards of mathematical data formats such as OpenMath and MP  We use standards of mathematical data formats such as OpenMath and MP
 and our own data format ({\it CMO --- Common Mathematical Object format})  and our own data format ({\it CMO --- Common Mathematical Object format})
 as data expressions.  as data expressions.
 \item Servers, which provide services to other processes, are stackmachines.  \item Servers, which provide services to other processes, are stack machines.
 The stackmachine is called the  The stack machine is called the
 {\it OX stackmachine}.  {\it OX stack machine}.
 Existing mathematical softwares are wrapped with this stackmachine.  Existing mathematical softwares are wrapped with this stack machine.
 Minimal requirements for a target software wrapped with the OX stackmachine  Minimal requirements for a target software wrapped with the OX stack machine
 are as follows:  are as follows:
 \begin{enumerate}  \begin{enumerate}
 \item The target must have a seriealized interface such as a character based  \item The target must have a serialized interface such as a character based
 interface.  interface.
 \item An output of the target must be understandable for computer programs;  \item An output of the target must be understandable for computer programs;
 it should follow a grammer that can be parsed with other softwares.  it should follow a grammar that can be parsed with other softwares.
 \end{enumerate}  \end{enumerate}
 \end{enumerate}  \end{enumerate}
 We are implementing a package, OpenXM package,  We are implementing a package, OpenXM package,
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