=================================================================== RCS file: /home/cvs/OpenXM/doc/issac2000/design-outline.tex,v retrieving revision 1.8 retrieving revision 1.9 diff -u -p -r1.8 -r1.9 --- OpenXM/doc/issac2000/design-outline.tex 2000/01/15 03:47:58 1.8 +++ OpenXM/doc/issac2000/design-outline.tex 2000/01/15 12:18:42 1.9 @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -% $OpenXM: OpenXM/doc/issac2000/design-outline.tex,v 1.7 2000/01/15 03:23:59 takayama Exp $ +% $OpenXM: OpenXM/doc/issac2000/design-outline.tex,v 1.8 2000/01/15 03:47:58 takayama Exp $ \section{Design Outline} @@ -26,39 +26,39 @@ infrastructures. MCP (Mathematical Communication Protocol) by Wang \cite{iamc} is such a protocol specialized to mathematics. -Although, data and control are orthogonal to each other, +Although data and control are orthogonal to each other, real world requires both. NetSolve \cite{netsolve}, OpenMath$+$MCP, MP$+$MCP \cite{iamc}, and MathLink \cite{mathlink} provide both data and control integration. Each integration method has their own features due to their -own design goals and design motivations. +own design goals. OpenXM (Open message eXchange protocol for Mathematics) is a project aiming to integrate data, control and user interfaces -with its own set of design goals. -To explain our design outline, we start with a list of -our motivations. +with design goals motivated by the followings. \begin{enumerate} -\item Noro has developed a general +\item Noro has involved in the development of a general purpose computer algebra system Risa/Asir \cite{asir}. An interface for interactive distributed computations was introduced -in Risa/Asir version 950831 released in 1995. +to Risa/Asir +%% version 950831 released +in 1995. The model of computation was RPC (remote procedure call) and it had its own serialization. -A robust interruption method was provided by having two communication channels -like ftp. -As an application of this robust and the interactive distributed computation -system, speed-up was achieved for a huge Gr\"obner basis computation, -for example, +A robust interruption protocol was provided +by two communication channels +like the File Transfer Protocol (ftp). +As an application of this protocol, +a parallel speed-up was achieved for a Gr\"obner basis computation to determine all odd order replicable functions (Noro and McKay \cite{noro-mckay}). -However, the protocol was closed in Asir and we thought that we should +However, the protocol was local in Asir and we thought that we should design an open protocol. \item Takayama has developed -a special purpose computer algebra system Kan/sm1 \cite{kan}, +a special purpose system Kan/sm1 \cite{kan}, which is a Gr\"obner engine for the ring of differential operators $D$. -In order to implement algorithms in D-modules due to Oaku +In order to implement algorithms in $D$-modules due to Oaku (see, e.g., \cite{sst-book}), -factorizations and primary ideal decompositions were necessary. +factorizations and primary ideal decompositions are necessary. Kan/sm1 does not have an implementation for these and called Risa/Asir as a UNIX external program. This approach was not satisfactory. @@ -67,14 +67,12 @@ two systems. We thought that it is necessary to provide a data and control protocol for Risa/Asir to work as a server of factorization and primary ideal decomposition. -\item The number of mathematical softwares is increasing rapidly in the last -decade of the 20th century. +\item We have been profitted by increasing number +of mathematical softwares. These are usually ``expert'' systems in one area of mathematics such as ideals, groups, numbers, polytopes, and so on. They have their own interfaces and data formats. -Interfaces are sometimes specialized to a specific field of mathematics -or poor. -It is fine for intensive and serious users of these systems. +It is fine for intensive users of these systems. However, for users who want to explore a new area of mathematics with these softwares or users who need these systems only occasionally, a unified system will be more convenient. @@ -82,7 +80,7 @@ a unified system will be more convenient. \item We believe that an open integrated system is a future of mathematical softwares. However, it might be just a dream without realizability. -We want to build a prototype system of such an open system by using +We want to build a prototype of such an open system by using existing standards, technologies and several mathematical softwares. We want to see how far we can go with this approach. \end{enumerate} @@ -92,12 +90,12 @@ fundamental architecture. \begin{enumerate} \item Communication is an exchange of messages. The messages are classified into three types: -DATA, COMMAND, and others. -The messages are called OX (OpenXM) messages. -Mathematical data are wrapped with {\it OX messages}. +DATA, COMMAND, and SPECIAL. +They are called OX (OpenXM) messages, +{\it OX data messages} wrap mathematical data. We use standards of mathematical data formats such as OpenMath and MP -and our own data format ({\it CMO --- Common Mathematical Object format}) -as data expressions. +as well as our own data format +({\it CMO --- Common Mathematical Object format}). \item Servers, which provide services to other processes, are stack machines. The stack machine is called the {\it OX stack machine}. @@ -113,26 +111,28 @@ it should follow a grammar that can be parsed with oth \item Any server may have a hybrid interface; it may accept and execute its original command sequences. For example, -if we send the following string to ox\_asir server \\ -\verb+ " fctr(x^10-y^10); " + \\ +if we send the following string to {\tt ox\_asir} server +(OpenXM server based on Risa/Asir) \\ +\verb+ " fctr(x^100-y^100); " + \\ and call the stanck machine command \\ -\verb+ SM\_executeStringByLocalParser + \\ +\verb+ SM_executeStringByLocalParser + \\ then the server executes the asir command \\ -\verb+ fctr(x^10-y^10); + -(factorize $x^10-y^10$ over ${\bf Q}$) -and push the result on the stack. +\verb+ fctr(x^100-y^100); + +(factorize $x^{100}-y^{100}$ over ${\bf Q}$) +and pushes the result onto the stack. \end{enumerate} OpenXM package is based on above fundamental architecture. For example, the following is a command sequence to ask $1+1$ from -the Asir client to the OX sm1 server: +the Asir client to the {\tt ox\_sm1} server: \begin{verbatim} P = sm1_start(); ox_push_cmo(P,1); ox_push_cmo(P,1); ox_execute_string(P,"add"); ox_pop_cmo(P); \end{verbatim} +Here, {\tt ox\_sm1} is an OpenXM server based on Kan/sm1. + The current system, OpenXM on TCP/IP, -uses client-server model and the TCP/IP is used for interprocess -communications. +uses the client-server model. The OpenXM on MPI \cite{MPI} is currently running on Risa/Asir as we will see in Section \ref{section:homog}. However, we focus only on the system based on TCP/IP in this paper.