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Diff for /OpenXM/src/asir-doc/parts/asir.texi between version 1.3 and 1.5

version 1.3, 1999/12/21 02:47:31 version 1.5, 2000/09/23 07:53:24
Line 1 
Line 1 
 @comment $OpenXM$  @comment $OpenXM: OpenXM/src/asir-doc/parts/asir.texi,v 1.4 2000/01/26 01:37:32 noro Exp $
 \BJP  \BJP
 @node $B%f!<%68@8l(B Asir,,, Top  @node $B%f!<%68@8l(B Asir,,, Top
 @chapter $B%f!<%68@8l(B Asir  @chapter $B%f!<%68@8l(B Asir
Line 67  capital alphabetical letter in @b{Asir}.
Line 67  capital alphabetical letter in @b{Asir}.
 @item  @item
 \JP $BJQ?t$N7?$,$J$$(B.  \JP $BJQ?t$N7?$,$J$$(B.
 \EG No types for variables.  \EG No types for variables.
   @*
 \BJP  \BJP
 $B4{$K@bL@$7$?$H$*$j(B, @b{Asir} $B$G07$o$l$kBP>]<+?H$OA4$F2?$i$+$N7?(B  $B4{$K@bL@$7$?$H$*$j(B, @b{Asir} $B$G07$o$l$kBP>]<+?H$OA4$F2?$i$+$N7?(B
 $B$r;}$C$F$$$k(B. $B$7$+$7(B, $B%W%m%0%i%`JQ?t<+BN$O(B, $B$I$N$h$&$JBP>]$G$b(B  $B$r;}$C$F$$$k(B. $B$7$+$7(B, $B%W%m%0%i%`JQ?t<+BN$O(B, $B$I$N$h$&$JBP>]$G$b(B
Line 93  object can be assigned to it.
Line 93  object can be assigned to it.
 @item  @item
 \BJP  \BJP
 $BH!?tFb$NJQ?t$O(B, $B%G%U%)%k%H$G$O2>0z?t$r$3$a$F$9$Y$F6I=jJQ?t(B.  $BH!?tFb$NJQ?t$O(B, $B%G%U%)%k%H$G$O2>0z?t$r$3$a$F$9$Y$F6I=jJQ?t(B.
   @*
 $B$?$@$7(B, @code{extern} $B@k8@$5$l$?JQ?t$O(B, $B%H%C%W%l%Y%k$K$*$1$kBg0hJQ?t$H$J$k(B.  $B$?$@$7(B, @code{extern} $B@k8@$5$l$?JQ?t$O(B, $B%H%C%W%l%Y%k$K$*$1$kBg0hJQ?t$H$J$k(B.
 $B$9$J$o$A(B, $BJQ?t$N%9%3!<%W$OBg0hJQ?t$H6I=jJQ?t$N(B 2 $B<oN`$KC1=c2=$5$l$F$$$k(B.  $B$9$J$o$A(B, $BJQ?t$N%9%3!<%W$OBg0hJQ?t$H6I=jJQ?t$N(B 2 $B<oN`$KC1=c2=$5$l$F$$$k(B.
 $B%H%C%W%l%Y%k(B, $B$9$J$o$A%W%m%s%W%H$KBP$7$FF~NO$5$l$?JQ?t$OA4$FBg0hJQ?t(B  $B%H%C%W%l%Y%k(B, $B$9$J$o$A%W%m%s%W%H$KBP$7$FF~NO$5$l$?JQ?t$OA4$FBg0hJQ?t(B
Line 102  object can be assigned to it.
Line 102  object can be assigned to it.
 \BEG  \BEG
 Variables, together with formal parameters, in a function (procedure)  Variables, together with formal parameters, in a function (procedure)
 are all local to the function by default.  are all local to the function by default.
   @*
 Variables can be global at the top level,  Variables can be global at the top level,
 if they are declared with the key word @code{extern}.  if they are declared with the key word @code{extern}.
 Thus, the scope rule of @b{Asir} is very simple.  Thus, the scope rule of @b{Asir} is very simple.
Line 157  end$
Line 157  end$
 @item  @item
 \JP $B%W%m%0%i%`JQ?t$OBgJ8;z$G;O$^$j(B, $BITDj85(B, $BH!?t$O>.J8;z$G;O$^$k(B.  \JP $B%W%m%0%i%`JQ?t$OBgJ8;z$G;O$^$j(B, $BITDj85(B, $BH!?t$O>.J8;z$G;O$^$k(B.
 \EG Program variables and algebraic indeterminates are distinguished in @b{Asir}.  \EG Program variables and algebraic indeterminates are distinguished in @b{Asir}.
   @*
 \BJP  \BJP
 $B$3$NE@$O(B, $B4{B8$N?t<0=hM}%7%9%F%`$N$[$H$s$I$H0[$J$kE@$G$"$k(B. @b{Asir}  $B$3$NE@$O(B, $B4{B8$N?t<0=hM}%7%9%F%`$N$[$H$s$I$H0[$J$kE@$G$"$k(B. @b{Asir}
 $B$,$3$N;EMM$r:NMQ$7$?$N$O(B, $B%f!<%6$,ITDj85$N$D$b$j$G;HMQ$7$?JQ?t$K(B  $B$,$3$N;EMM$r:NMQ$7$?$N$O(B, $B%f!<%6$,ITDj85$N$D$b$j$G;HMQ$7$?JQ?t$K(B
Line 182  variables and indeterminates in a program.
Line 182  variables and indeterminates in a program.
 @item  @item
 \JP @code{switch} $BJ8(B, @code{goto} $B$,$J$$(B.  \JP @code{switch} $BJ8(B, @code{goto} $B$,$J$$(B.
 \EG No @code{switch} statements, and @code{goto} statements.  \EG No @code{switch} statements, and @code{goto} statements.
   @*
 \JP @code{goto} $B$,$J$$$?$a(B, $BB?=E%k!<%W$r0lEY$KH4$1$k$N$,$d$dJ#;($K$J$k>l9g$,$"$k(B.  \JP @code{goto} $B$,$J$$$?$a(B, $BB?=E%k!<%W$r0lEY$KH4$1$k$N$,$d$dJ#;($K$J$k>l9g$,$"$k(B.
 \EG Lack of @code{goto} statement makes it rather bothering to exit from within multiple loops.  \EG Lack of @code{goto} statement makes it rather bothering to exit from within multiple loops.
   
Line 195  variables and indeterminates in a program.
Line 195  variables and indeterminates in a program.
 Comma expressions are allowed only in @code{A}, @code{B} and @code{C}  Comma expressions are allowed only in @code{A}, @code{B} and @code{C}
 of the constructs @code{for (A;B;C)} or @code{while(A)}.  of the constructs @code{for (A;B;C)} or @code{while(A)}.
 \E  \E
   @*
 \JP $B$3$l$O(B, $B%j%9%H$r@5<0$J%*%V%8%'%/%H$H$7$F2C$($?$3$H$K$h$k(B.  \JP $B$3$l$O(B, $B%j%9%H$r@5<0$J%*%V%8%'%/%H$H$7$F2C$($?$3$H$K$h$k(B.
 \EG This limitation came from adopting lists as legal data objects for @b{Asir}.  \EG This limitation came from adopting lists as legal data objects for @b{Asir}.
   
Line 254  comprehensible than use of structure like C programs.
Line 254  comprehensible than use of structure like C programs.
 * return $BJ8(B::  * return $BJ8(B::
 * if $BJ8(B::  * if $BJ8(B::
 * $B%k!<%W(B break return continue::  * $B%k!<%W(B break return continue::
   * $B9=B$BNDj5A(B::
 * $B$5$^$6$^$J<0(B::  * $B$5$^$6$^$J<0(B::
 * $B%W%j%W%m%;%C%5(B::  * $B%W%j%W%m%;%C%5(B::
 * $B%*%W%7%g%s;XDj(B::  * $B%*%W%7%g%s;XDj(B::
Line 267  comprehensible than use of structure like C programs.
Line 268  comprehensible than use of structure like C programs.
 * return statement::  * return statement::
 * if statement::  * if statement::
 * loop break return continue::  * loop break return continue::
   * structure definition::
 * various expressions::  * various expressions::
 * preprocessor::  * preprocessor::
 * option::  * option::
Line 858  the @code{while} statement, the @code{for} statement, 
Line 860  the @code{while} statement, the @code{for} statement, 
 @item  @item
 \JP @code{while} $BJ8(B  \JP @code{while} $BJ8(B
 \EG @code{while} statement  \EG @code{while} statement
   @*
 \JP $B7A<0$O(B,  \JP $B7A<0$O(B,
 \EG It has the following form.  \EG It has the following form.
   
Line 882  infinite loop.
Line 884  infinite loop.
 @item  @item
 \JP @code{for} $BJ8(B  \JP @code{for} $BJ8(B
 \EG @code{for} statement  \EG @code{for} statement
   @*
 \JP $B7A<0$O(B,  \JP $B7A<0$O(B,
 \EG It has the following form.  \EG It has the following form.
   
Line 916  while ( expression ) @{
Line 918  while ( expression ) @{
 @item  @item
 \JP @code{do} $BJ8(B  \JP @code{do} $BJ8(B
 \EG @code{do} statement  \EG @code{do} statement
   @*
 @example  @example
 \BJP  \BJP
 do @{  do @{
Line 957  the control to a certain point of the loop.
Line 959  the control to a certain point of the loop.
   
 @item  @item
 @code{break}  @code{break}
   @*
 \JP @code{break} $BJ8$O(B, $B$=$l$r0O$`%k!<%W$r0l$D$@$1H4$1$k(B.  \JP @code{break} $BJ8$O(B, $B$=$l$r0O$`%k!<%W$r0l$D$@$1H4$1$k(B.
 \EG The @code{break} statement is used to exit the inner most loop.  \EG The @code{break} statement is used to exit the inner most loop.
 @item  @item
 @code{return}  @code{return}
   @*
 \BJP  \BJP
 @code{return} $BJ8$O(B, $B0lHL$KH!?t$+$iH4$1$k$?$a$NJ8$G$"$j(B,  @code{return} $BJ8$O(B, $B0lHL$KH!?t$+$iH4$1$k$?$a$NJ8$G$"$j(B,
 $B%k!<%W$NCf$+$i$G$bM-8z$G$"$k(B.  $B%k!<%W$NCf$+$i$G$bM-8z$G$"$k(B.
Line 974  and it is also effective in a loop.
Line 976  and it is also effective in a loop.
   
 @item  @item
 @code{continue}  @code{continue}
   @*
 \BJP  \BJP
 @code{continue} $BJ8$O(B, $B%k!<%W$NK\BN$NJ8$NKvC<$K@)8f$r0\$9(B.  @code{continue} $BJ8$O(B, $B%k!<%W$NK\BN$NJ8$NKvC<$K@)8f$r0\$9(B.
 $BNc$($P(B @code{for} $BJ8$G$O(B, $B:G8e$N<0JB$S$N<B9T$r9T$$(B, @code{while}  $BNc$($P(B @code{for} $BJ8$G$O(B, $B:G8e$N<0JB$S$N<B9T$r9T$$(B, @code{while}
Line 990  statement, and the termination condition will be evalu
Line 992  statement, and the termination condition will be evalu
 @end itemize  @end itemize
   
 \BJP  \BJP
   @node $B9=B$BNDj5A(B,,, $B%f!<%6Dj5AH!?t$N=q$-J}(B
   @subsection $B9=B$BNDj5A(B
   \E
   \BEG
   @node structure definition,,, Writing user defined functions
   @subsection structure definition
   \E
   
   \BJP
   $B9=B$BN$H$O(B, $B3F@.J,$NMWAG$,L>A0$G%"%/%;%9$G$-$k8GDjD9G[Ns$H;W$C$F$h$$(B.
   $B3F9=B$BN$OL>A0$G6hJL$5$l$k(B. $B9=B$BN$O(B, @code{struct} $BJ8$K$h$j@k8@$5$l$k(B.
   $B$"$k7?$N9=B$BN$O(B, $BAH$_9~$_4X?t(B @code{newstruct} $B$K$h$j@8@.$5$l$k(B.
   $B9=B$BN$N3F%a%s%P$O(B, $B1i;;;R(B @code{->} $B$K$h$j%"%/%;%9$9$k(B.
   $B%a%s%P$,9=B$BN$N>l9g(B, @code{->} $B$K$h$k;XDj$OF~$l;R$K$G$-$k(B.
   \E
   
   \BEG
   A structure data type is a fixed length array and each component of the array
   is accessed by its name. Each type of structure is distinguished by its name.
   A structure data type is declared by @code{struct} statement.
   A structure object is generated by a builtin function @code{newstruct}.
   Each member of a structure is accessed by an operatator @code{->}.
   If a member of a structure is again a structure, then the specification
   by @code{->} can be nested.
   \E
   
   @example
   [1] struct rat @{num,denom@};
   0
   [2] A = newstruct(rat);
   @{0,0@}
   [3] A->num = 1;
   1
   [4] A->den = 2;
   2
   [5] A;
   @{1,2@}
   @end example
   
   \BJP
 @node $B$5$^$6$^$J<0(B,,, $B%f!<%6Dj5AH!?t$N=q$-J}(B  @node $B$5$^$6$^$J<0(B,,, $B%f!<%6Dj5AH!?t$N=q$-J}(B
 @subsection $B$5$^$6$^$J<0(B  @subsection $B$5$^$6$^$J<0(B
 \E  \E
Line 1006  statement, and the termination condition will be evalu
Line 1048  statement, and the termination condition will be evalu
 @item  @item
 \JP $B2C8:>h=|(B, $BQQ(B  \JP $B2C8:>h=|(B, $BQQ(B
 \EG addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation  \EG addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation
   @*
 \BJP  \BJP
 $BQQ$O(B, @samp{^} $B$K$h$jI=$9(B. $B=|;;(B @samp{/} $B$O(B, $BBN$H$7$F$N1i;;$KMQ$$$k(B.  $BQQ$O(B, @samp{^} $B$K$h$jI=$9(B. $B=|;;(B @samp{/} $B$O(B, $BBN$H$7$F$N1i;;$KMQ$$$k(B.
 $BNc$($P(B, @code{2/3} $B$OM-M}?t$N(B @code{2/3} $B$rI=$9(B.  $BNc$($P(B, @code{2/3} $B$OM-M}?t$N(B @code{2/3} $B$rI=$9(B.
Line 1027  x+1  A^2*B*afo X/3 
Line 1069  x+1  A^2*B*afo X/3 
 @item  @item
 \JP $B%$%s%G%C%/%9$D$-$NJQ?t(B  \JP $B%$%s%G%C%/%9$D$-$NJQ?t(B
 \EG programming variables with indices  \EG programming variables with indices
   @*
 \BJP  \BJP
 $B%Y%/%H%k(B, $B9TNs(B, $B%j%9%H$NMWAG$O%$%s%G%C%/%9$rMQ$$$k$3$H$K$h$j<h$j=P$;$k(B.  $B%Y%/%H%k(B, $B9TNs(B, $B%j%9%H$NMWAG$O%$%s%G%C%/%9$rMQ$$$k$3$H$K$h$j<h$j=P$;$k(B.
 $B%$%s%G%C%/%9$O(B 0 $B$+$i;O$^$k$3$H$KCm0U$9$k(B. $B<h$j=P$7$?MWAG$,%Y%/%H%k(B,  $B%$%s%G%C%/%9$O(B 0 $B$+$i;O$^$k$3$H$KCm0U$9$k(B. $B<h$j=P$7$?MWAG$,%Y%/%H%k(B,
Line 1048  V[0] M[1][2]
Line 1090  V[0] M[1][2]
 @item  @item
 \JP $BHf3S1i;;(B  \JP $BHf3S1i;;(B
 \EG comparison operation  \EG comparison operation
   @*
 \BJP  \BJP
 $BEy$7$$(B (@samp{==}), $BEy$7$/$J$$(B (@samp{!=}), $BBg>.(B (@samp{>}, @samp{<},  $BEy$7$$(B (@samp{==}), $BEy$7$/$J$$(B (@samp{!=}), $BBg>.(B (@samp{>}, @samp{<},
 @samp{>=}, @samp{<=}) $B$N(B 2 $B9`1i;;$,$"$k(B. $B??$J$i$PM-M}?t$N(B 1, $B56$J$i$P(B  @samp{>=}, @samp{<=}) $B$N(B 2 $B9`1i;;$,$"$k(B. $B??$J$i$PM-M}?t$N(B 1, $B56$J$i$P(B
Line 1065  or 0 for the false.
Line 1107  or 0 for the false.
 @item  @item
 \JP $BO@M}<0(B  \JP $BO@M}<0(B
 \EG logical expression  \EG logical expression
   @*
 \BJP  \BJP
 $BO@M}@Q(B (@samp{&&}), $BO@M}OB(B (@samp{||}) $B$N(B 2 $B9`1i;;$H(B, $BH]Dj(B (@samp{!})  $BO@M}@Q(B (@samp{&&}), $BO@M}OB(B (@samp{||}) $B$N(B 2 $B9`1i;;$H(B, $BH]Dj(B (@samp{!})
 $B$,MQ0U$5$l$F$$$k(B. $BCM$O$d$O$j(B 1, 0 $B$G$"$k(B.  $B$,MQ0U$5$l$F$$$k(B. $BCM$O$d$O$j(B 1, 0 $B$G$"$k(B.
Line 1082  and 0 for the false.
Line 1124  and 0 for the false.
 @item  @item
 \JP $BBeF~(B  \JP $BBeF~(B
 \EG assignment  \EG assignment
   @*
 \BJP  \BJP
 $BDL>o$NBeF~$O(B @samp{=} $B$G9T$&(B. $B$3$N$[$+(B, $B;;=Q1i;;;R$HAH$_9g$o$;$F(B  $BDL>o$NBeF~$O(B @samp{=} $B$G9T$&(B. $B$3$N$[$+(B, $B;;=Q1i;;;R$HAH$_9g$o$;$F(B
 $BFC<l$JBeF~$r9T$&$3$H$b$G$-$k(B.  $BFC<l$JBeF~$r9T$&$3$H$b$G$-$k(B.
Line 1100  There are special assignments combined with arithmetic
Line 1142  There are special assignments combined with arithmetic
 @item  @item
 \JP $BH!?t8F$S=P$7(B  \JP $BH!?t8F$S=P$7(B
 \EG function call  \EG function call
   @*
 \JP $BH!?t8F$S=P$7$b<0$N0l<o$G$"$k(B.  \JP $BH!?t8F$S=P$7$b<0$N0l<o$G$"$k(B.
 \EG A function call is also an expression.  \EG A function call is also an expression.
 @item  @item
 @samp{++}, @samp{--}  @samp{++}, @samp{--}
   @*
 \JP $B$3$l$i$O(B, $BJQ?t$NA08e$K$D$$$F(B, $B$=$l$>$l<!$N$h$&$JA`:n(B, $BCM$rI=$9(B.  \JP $B$3$l$i$O(B, $BJQ?t$NA08e$K$D$$$F(B, $B$=$l$>$l<!$N$h$&$JA`:n(B, $BCM$rI=$9(B.
 \BEG  \BEG
 These operators are attached to or before a program variable,  These operators are attached to or before a program variable,
Line 1156  through @code{cpp}.  This enables @b{Asir} user to use
Line 1198  through @code{cpp}.  This enables @b{Asir} user to use
 @itemize @bullet  @itemize @bullet
 @item  @item
 @code{#include}  @code{#include}
   @*
 \BJP  \BJP
 @code{cpp} $B$KFC$K0z?t$rEO$5$J$$$?$a(B, $B%$%s%/%k!<%I%U%!%$%k$O(B,  @code{cpp} $B$KFC$K0z?t$rEO$5$J$$$?$a(B, $B%$%s%/%k!<%I%U%!%$%k$O(B,
 @code{#include} $B$,=q$+$l$F$$$k%U%!%$%k$HF1$8%G%#%l%/%H%j$G%5!<%A$5$l$k(B.  @code{#include} $B$,=q$+$l$F$$$k%U%!%$%k$HF1$8%G%#%l%/%H%j$G%5!<%A$5$l$k(B.
Line 1168  containing @code{#include} so that no arguments are pa
Line 1210  containing @code{#include} so that no arguments are pa
   
 @item  @item
 @code{#define}  @code{#define}
   @*
 \JP $B$3$l$O(B, C $B$K$*$1$k$N$HA4$/F1MM$KMQ$$$k$3$H$,$G$-$k(B.  \JP $B$3$l$O(B, C $B$K$*$1$k$N$HA4$/F1MM$KMQ$$$k$3$H$,$G$-$k(B.
 \EG This can be used just as in C language.  \EG This can be used just as in C language.
   
 @item  @item
 @code{#if}  @code{#if}
   @*
 \BJP  \BJP
 @code{/*}, @code{*/} $B$K$h$k%3%a%s%H$OF~$l;R$K$G$-$J$$$N$G(B, $B%W%m%0%i%`(B  @code{/*}, @code{*/} $B$K$h$k%3%a%s%H$OF~$l;R$K$G$-$J$$$N$G(B, $B%W%m%0%i%`(B
 $B$NBg$-$JItJ,$r%3%a%s%H%"%&%H$9$k:]$K(B, @code{#if 0}, @code{#endif}  $B$NBg$-$JItJ,$r%3%a%s%H%"%&%H$9$k:]$K(B, @code{#if 0}, @code{#endif}
Legend:
Removed from v.1.3  
changed lines
  Added in v.1.5
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