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Diff for /OpenXM/src/asir-doc/parts/asir.texi between version 1.3 and 1.7

version 1.3, 1999/12/21 02:47:31

version 1.7, 2003/04/20 08:01:25

Line 1

@comment $OpenXM$

@comment $OpenXM: OpenXM/src/asir-doc/parts/asir.texi,v 1.6 2002/09/03 01:50:57 noro Exp $

\BJP

@node $B%f!<%68@8l(B Asir,,, Top

@chapter $B%f!<%68@8l(B Asir

Line 67 capital alphabetical letter in @b{Asir}.

@item

\JP $BJQ?t$N7?$,$J$$(B.

\EG No types for variables.

\BJP

$B4{$K@bL@$7$?$H$*$j(B, @b{Asir} $B$G07$o$l$kBP>]<+?H$OA4$F2?$i$+$N7?(B

$B$r;}$C$F$$$k(B. $B$7$+$7(B, $B%W%m%0%i%`JQ?t<+BN$O(B, $B$I$N$h$&$JBP>]$G$b(B

Line 93 object can be assigned to it.

@item

\BJP

$BH!?tFb$NJQ?t$O(B, $B%G%U%)%k%H$G$O2>0z?t$r$3$a$F$9$Y$F6I=jJQ?t(B.

$B$?$@$7(B, @code{extern} $B@k8@$5$l$?JQ?t$O(B, $B%H%C%W%l%Y%k$K$*$1$kBg0hJQ?t$H$J$k(B.

$B$9$J$o$A(B, $BJQ?t$N%9%3!<%W$OBg0hJQ?t$H6I=jJQ?t$N(B 2 $B<oN`$KC1=c2=$5$l$F$$$k(B.

$B%H%C%W%l%Y%k(B, $B$9$J$o$A%W%m%s%W%H$KBP$7$FF~NO$5$l$?JQ?t$OA4$FBg0hJQ?t(B

Line 102 object can be assigned to it.

\BEG

Variables, together with formal parameters, in a function (procedure)

are all local to the function by default.

Variables can be global at the top level,

if they are declared with the key word @code{extern}.

Thus, the scope rule of @b{Asir} is very simple.

Line 157 end$

@item

\JP $B%W%m%0%i%`JQ?t$OBgJ8;z$G;O$^$j(B, $BITDj85(B, $BH!?t$O>.J8;z$G;O$^$k(B.

\EG Program variables and algebraic indeterminates are distinguished in @b{Asir}.

\BJP

$B$3$NE@$O(B, $B4{B8$N?t<0=hM}%7%9%F%`$N$[$H$s$I$H0[$J$kE@$G$"$k(B. @b{Asir}

$B$,$3$N;EMM$r:NMQ$7$?$N$O(B, $B%f!<%6$,ITDj85$N$D$b$j$G;HMQ$7$?JQ?t$K(B

Line 182 variables and indeterminates in a program.

@item

\JP @code{switch} $BJ8(B, @code{goto} $B$,$J$$(B.

\EG No @code{switch} statements, and @code{goto} statements.

\JP @code{goto} $B$,$J$$$?$a(B, $BB?=E%k!<%W$r0lEY$KH4$1$k$N$,$d$dJ#;($K$J$k>l9g$,$"$k(B.

\EG Lack of @code{goto} statement makes it rather bothering to exit from within multiple loops.

Line 195 variables and indeterminates in a program.

Comma expressions are allowed only in @code{A}, @code{B} and @code{C}

of the constructs @code{for (A;B;C)} or @code{while(A)}.

\JP $B$3$l$O(B, $B%j%9%H$r@5<0$J%*%V%8%'%/%H$H$7$F2C$($?$3$H$K$h$k(B.

\EG This limitation came from adopting lists as legal data objects for @b{Asir}.

Line 254 comprehensible than use of structure like C programs.

* return $BJ8(B::

* if $BJ8(B::

* $B%k!<%W(B break return continue::

* $B9=B$BNDj5A(B::

* $B$5$^$6$^$J<0(B::

* $B%W%j%W%m%;%C%5(B::

* $B%*%W%7%g%s;XDj(B::

Line 267 comprehensible than use of structure like C programs.

Line 268 comprehensible than use of structure like C programs.

* return statement::

* if statement::

* loop break return continue::

* structure definition::

* various expressions::

* preprocessor::

* option::

Line 574 def afo(X) @{

Line 576 def afo(X) @{

@samp{/*} $B$,$$$/$D$"$C$F$b:G=i$N$b$N$N$_$,M-8z$H$J$j(B, $B:G=i$K8=$l$?(B

@samp{*/} $B$G%3%a%s%H$O=*N;$7$?$H8+$J$5$l$k(B. $B%W%m%0%i%`$J$I$G(B, $B%3%a%s%H(B

$B$r4^$`2DG=@-$,$"$kItJ,$r%3%a%s%H%"%&%H$7$?>l9g$K$O(B, @code{#if 0},

@code{#endif}$B$r;H$($P$h$$(B. (@xref{$B%W%j%W%m%;%C%5(B})

@code{#endif}$B$r;H$($P$h$$(B. (@xref{$B%W%j%W%m%;%C%5(B}.)

\BEG

A comment can span to several lines, but it cannot be nested.

Line 583 in the subsequent text exist, and the comment terminat

Line 585 in the subsequent text exist, and the comment terminat

@samp{*/}.

In order to comment out a program part that may contain comments in it,

use the pair, @code{#if 0} and @code{#endif}. (@xref{preprocessor})

use the pair, @code{#if 0} and @code{#endif}. (@xref{preprocessor}.)

@example

Line 650 S = sum(N);

Line 652 S = sum(N);

\BJP

$B$N$h$&$K(B, $B<0$K=*C<5-9f(B (@samp{;} $B$^$?$O(B @samp{$}) $B$r$D$1$?$b$N$G$"$k(B.

$B$3$NC1J85Z$SN`;w$N(B @code{return} $BJ8(B, @code{break} $BJ8$J$I$,J8$N:G>.9=@.(B

$BC10L$H$J$k(B. @code{if} $BJ8$d(B @code{for} $BJ8$NDj5A(B (@xref{$BJ8K!$N>\:Y(B}) $B$r8+$l(B

$BC10L$H$J$k(B. @code{if} $BJ8$d(B @code{for} $BJ8$NDj5A(B (@ref{$BJ8K!$N>\:Y(B}) $B$r8+$l(B

$B$P$o$+$kDL$j(B, $B$=$l$i$NK\BN$O(B, $BC1$J$k0l$D$NJ8$H$7$FDj5A$5$l$F$$$k(B. $BDL>o(B

$B$O(B, $BK\BN$K$OJ#?t$NJ8$,=q$1$k$3$H$,I,MW$H$J$k(B. $B$3$N$h$&$J>l9g(B,

@samp{@{} $B$H(B @samp{@}} $B$GJ8$NJB$S$r3g$C$F(B, $B0l$D$NJ8$H$7$F07$&$3$H$,$G(B

Line 858 the @code{while} statement, the @code{for} statement,

Line 860 the @code{while} statement, the @code{for} statement,

@item

\JP @code{while} $BJ8(B

\EG @code{while} statement

\JP $B7A<0$O(B,

\EG It has the following form.

Line 882 infinite loop.

Line 884 infinite loop.

@item

\JP @code{for} $BJ8(B

\EG @code{for} statement

\JP $B7A<0$O(B,

\EG It has the following form.

@example

\JP for ( $B<0JB$S(B-1; $B<0(B; $B<0JB$S(B-2 ) $BJ8(B

\EG for ( expression list-1; expression; expression list-2 ) statement

\EG for ( expr list-1; expr; expr list-2 ) statement

@end example

\JP $B$G(B, $B$3$l$O(B

Line 903 while ( $B<0(B ) @{

Line 905 while ( $B<0(B ) @{

\BEG

expression list-1 (transformed into a sequence of simple statement)

expr list-1 (transformed into a sequence of simple statement)

while ( expression ) @{

while ( expr ) @{

statement

expression list-2 (transformed into a sequence of simple statement)

expr list-2 (transformed into a sequence of simple statement)

@end example

Line 916 while ( expression ) @{

Line 918 while ( expression ) @{

@item

\JP @code{do} $BJ8(B

\EG @code{do} statement

@example

\BJP

do @{

Line 957 the control to a certain point of the loop.

Line 959 the control to a certain point of the loop.

@item

@code{break}

\JP @code{break} $BJ8$O(B, $B$=$l$r0O$`%k!<%W$r0l$D$@$1H4$1$k(B.

\EG The @code{break} statement is used to exit the inner most loop.

@item

@code{return}

\BJP

@code{return} $BJ8$O(B, $B0lHL$KH!?t$+$iH4$1$k$?$a$NJ8$G$"$j(B,

$B%k!<%W$NCf$+$i$G$bM-8z$G$"$k(B.

Line 974 and it is also effective in a loop.

Line 976 and it is also effective in a loop.

@item

@code{continue}

\BJP

@code{continue} $BJ8$O(B, $B%k!<%W$NK\BN$NJ8$NKvC<$K@)8f$r0\$9(B.

$BNc$($P(B @code{for} $BJ8$G$O(B, $B:G8e$N<0JB$S$N<B9T$r9T$$(B, @code{while}

Line 990 statement, and the termination condition will be evalu

Line 992 statement, and the termination condition will be evalu

@end itemize

\BJP

@node $B9=B$BNDj5A(B,,, $B%f!<%6Dj5AH!?t$N=q$-J}(B

@subsection $B9=B$BNDj5A(B

\BEG

@node structure definition,,, Writing user defined functions

@subsection structure definition

\BJP

$B9=B$BN$H$O(B, $B3F@.J,$NMWAG$,L>A0$G%"%/%;%9$G$-$k8GDjD9G[Ns$H;W$C$F$h$$(B.

$B3F9=B$BN$OL>A0$G6hJL$5$l$k(B. $B9=B$BN$O(B, @code{struct} $BJ8$K$h$j@k8@$5$l$k(B.

$B$"$k7?$N9=B$BN$O(B, $BAH$_9~$_4X?t(B @code{newstruct} $B$K$h$j@8@.$5$l$k(B.

$B9=B$BN$N3F%a%s%P$O(B, $B1i;;;R(B @code{->} $B$K$h$j%"%/%;%9$9$k(B.

$B%a%s%P$,9=B$BN$N>l9g(B, @code{->} $B$K$h$k;XDj$OF~$l;R$K$G$-$k(B.

\BEG

A structure data type is a fixed length array and each component of the array

is accessed by its name. Each type of structure is distinguished by its name.

A structure data type is declared by @code{struct} statement.

A structure object is generated by a builtin function @code{newstruct}.

Each member of a structure is accessed by an operatator @code{->}.

If a member of a structure is again a structure, then the specification

by @code{->} can be nested.

@example

[1] struct rat @{num,denom@};

[2] A = newstruct(rat);

@{0,0@}

[3] A->num = 1;

[4] A->den = 2;

[5] A;

@{1,2@}

@end example

\BJP

@node $B$5$^$6$^$J<0(B,,, $B%f!<%6Dj5AH!?t$N=q$-J}(B

@subsection $B$5$^$6$^$J<0(B

Line 1006 statement, and the termination condition will be evalu

Line 1048 statement, and the termination condition will be evalu

@item

\JP $B2C8:>h=|(B, $BQQ(B

\EG addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation

\BJP

$BQQ$O(B, @samp{^} $B$K$h$jI=$9(B. $B=|;;(B @samp{/} $B$O(B, $BBN$H$7$F$N1i;;$KMQ$$$k(B.

$BNc$($P(B, @code{2/3} $B$OM-M}?t$N(B @code{2/3} $B$rI=$9(B.

Line 1027 x+1 A^2*B*afo X/3

Line 1069 x+1 A^2*B*afo X/3

@item

\JP $B%$%s%G%C%/%9$D$-$NJQ?t(B

\EG programming variables with indices

\BJP

$B%Y%/%H%k(B, $B9TNs(B, $B%j%9%H$NMWAG$O%$%s%G%C%/%9$rMQ$$$k$3$H$K$h$j<h$j=P$;$k(B.

$B%$%s%G%C%/%9$O(B 0 $B$+$i;O$^$k$3$H$KCm0U$9$k(B. $B<h$j=P$7$?MWAG$,%Y%/%H%k(B,

Line 1048 V[0] M[1][2]

Line 1090 V[0] M[1][2]

@item

\JP $BHf3S1i;;(B

\EG comparison operation

\BJP

$BEy$7$$(B (@samp{==}), $BEy$7$/$J$$(B (@samp{!=}), $BBg>.(B (@samp{>}, @samp{<},

@samp{>=}, @samp{<=}) $B$N(B 2 $B9`1i;;$,$"$k(B. $B??$J$i$PM-M}?t$N(B 1, $B56$J$i$P(B

Line 1065 or 0 for the false.

Line 1107 or 0 for the false.

@item

\JP $BO@M}<0(B

\EG logical expression

\BJP

$BO@M}@Q(B (@samp{&&}), $BO@M}OB(B (@samp{||}) $B$N(B 2 $B9`1i;;$H(B, $BH]Dj(B (@samp{!})

$B$,MQ0U$5$l$F$$$k(B. $BCM$O$d$O$j(B 1, 0 $B$G$"$k(B.

Line 1082 and 0 for the false.

Line 1124 and 0 for the false.

@item

\JP $BBeF~(B

\EG assignment

\BJP

$BDL>o$NBeF~$O(B @samp{=} $B$G9T$&(B. $B$3$N$[$+(B, $B;;=Q1i;;;R$HAH$_9g$o$;$F(B

$BFC<l$JBeF~$r9T$&$3$H$b$G$-$k(B.

Line 1095 There are special assignments combined with arithmetic

Line 1137 There are special assignments combined with arithmetic

@example

\JP A = 2 A *= 3 ($B$3$l$O(B A = A*3 $B$HF1$8(B; $B$=$NB>$N1i;;;R$bF1MM(B)

\EG A = 2 A *= 3 (the same as A = A*3; The other combination are alike.)

\EG A = 2 A *= 3 (the same as A = A*3; The others are alike.)

@end example

@item

\JP $BH!?t8F$S=P$7(B

\EG function call

\JP $BH!?t8F$S=P$7$b<0$N0l<o$G$"$k(B.

\EG A function call is also an expression.

@item

@samp{++}, @samp{--}

\JP $B$3$l$i$O(B, $BJQ?t$NA08e$K$D$$$F(B, $B$=$l$>$l<!$N$h$&$JA`:n(B, $BCM$rI=$9(B.

\BEG

These operators are attached to or before a program variable,

Line 1121 A-- $BCM$O85$N(B A $B$NCM(B, A = A-1

Line 1163 A-- $BCM$O85$N(B A $B$NCM(B, A = A-1

\BEG

A++ the expression value is the previous value of A, and A = A+1

A-- the expression value is the previous value of A, and A = A-1

++A A = A+1, and the expression value is the value after increment of A

++A A = A+1, and the value is the one after increment of A

--A A = A-1, and the expression value is the value after decrement of A

--A A = A-1, and the value is the one after decrement of A

@end example

Line 1156 through @code{cpp}. This enables @b{Asir} user to use

Line 1198 through @code{cpp}. This enables @b{Asir} user to use

@itemize @bullet

@item

@code{#include}

\BJP

@code{cpp} $B$KFC$K0z?t$rEO$5$J$$$?$a(B, $B%$%s%/%k!<%I%U%!%$%k$O(B,

@code{#include} $B$,=q$+$l$F$$$k%U%!%$%k$HF1$8%G%#%l%/%H%j$G%5!<%A$5$l$k(B.

Line 1168 containing @code{#include} so that no arguments are pa

Line 1210 containing @code{#include} so that no arguments are pa

@item

@code{#define}

\JP $B$3$l$O(B, C $B$K$*$1$k$N$HA4$/F1MM$KMQ$$$k$3$H$,$G$-$k(B.

\EG This can be used just as in C language.

@item

@code{#if}

\BJP

@code{/*}, @code{*/} $B$K$h$k%3%a%s%H$OF~$l;R$K$G$-$J$$$N$G(B, $B%W%m%0%i%`(B

$B$NBg$-$JItJ,$r%3%a%s%H%"%&%H$9$k:]$K(B, @code{#if 0}, @code{#endif}

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