===================================================================
RCS file: /home/cvs/OpenXM/src/asir-doc/parts/builtin/misc.texi,v
retrieving revision 1.1.1.1
retrieving revision 1.18
diff -u -p -r1.1.1.1 -r1.18
--- OpenXM/src/asir-doc/parts/builtin/misc.texi	1999/12/08 05:47:44	1.1.1.1
+++ OpenXM/src/asir-doc/parts/builtin/misc.texi	2003/12/21 17:36:29	1.18
@@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
+@comment $OpenXM: OpenXM/src/asir-doc/parts/builtin/misc.texi,v 1.17 2003/12/18 10:26:20 ohara Exp $
+\BJP
 @node $B$=$NB>(B,,, $BAH$_9~$_H!?t(B
 @section $B$=$NB>(B
+\E
+\BEG
+@node Miscellaneouses,,, Built-in Function
+@section Miscellaneouses
+\E
 
 @menu
 * ctrl::
@@ -8,6 +15,9 @@
 * help::
 * time::
 * cputime tstart tstop::
+* timer::
+* currenttime::
+* sleep::
 * heap::
 * version::
 * shell::
@@ -15,27 +25,35 @@
 * flist::
 * delete_history::
 * get_rootdir::
+* getopt::
+* getenv::
 @end menu
 
-@node ctrl,,, $B$=$NB>(B
+\JP @node ctrl,,, $B$=$NB>(B
+\EG @node ctrl,,, Miscellaneouses
 @subsection @code{ctrl}
 @findex ctrl
 
 @table @t
 @item ctrl("@var{switch}"[,@var{obj}])
-:: $B4D6-@_Dj(B
+\JP :: $B4D6-@_Dj(B
+\EG :: Sets the value of @var{switch}.
 @end table
 
 @table @var
 @item return
-$B@_Dj$5$l$F$$$kCM(B
+\JP $B@_Dj$5$l$F$$$kCM(B
+\EG value of @var{switch}
 @item switch
-$B%9%$%C%AL>(B
+\JP $B%9%$%C%AL>(B
+\EG switch name
 @item obj
-$B%Q%i%a%?(B
+\JP $B%Q%i%a%?(B
+\EG parameter
 @end table
 
 @itemize @bullet
+\BJP
 @item
 @b{Asir} $B$N<B9T4D6-$N@_DjJQ99(B, $B;2>H$r9T$&(B. 
 @item @var{switch} $B$N$_$N>l9g(B, $B$=$N%9%$%C%A$N8=:_$N>uBV$rJV$9(B. 
@@ -43,7 +61,7 @@
 @item
 $B%9%$%C%A$OJ8;zNs$H$7$FF~NO$9$k(B. $B$9$J$o$A%@%V%k%/%)!<%H$G0O$`(B. 
 @item
-$B%9%$%C%A$O<!$NDL$j(B.
+$B%9%$%C%A$O<!$NDL$j(B. $B0J2<$G(B, on $B$O(B 1, off $B$O(B 0 $B$r0UL#$9$k(B. 
 @table @code
 @item cputime
 on $B$N;~(B CPU time $B$*$h$S(B GC time $B$rI=<((B, off $B$N;~(B $BI=<($7$J$$(B. @code{cputime()}
@@ -57,7 +75,7 @@ on $B$N;~$OI8=`F~NO$r7+$jJV$7$F=PNO$7(B, off $B$N;~
 @code{output} $B%3%^%s%I$rMQ$$$k:]$KM-8z$G$"$k(B.
 @item bigfloat
 on $B$N;~(B, $BF~NO$5$l$?IbF0>.?t$O(B @b{bigfloat} $B$KJQ49$5$l(B, $BIbF0>.?t1i;;$O(B
-@b{PARI} (@xref{pari}) $B$K$h$j9T$o$l$k(B. $B%G%U%)%k%H$NM-8z7e?t$O(B 9 $B7e$G$"$k(B. 
+@b{PARI} (@ref{pari}) $B$K$h$j9T$o$l$k(B. $B%G%U%)%k%H$NM-8z7e?t$O(B 9 $B7e$G$"$k(B. 
 $BM-8z7e?t$rA}$d$7$?$$;~$K$O(B @code{setprec()} $B$rMQ$$$k(B. 
 off $B$N;~(B, $BF~NO$5$l$?IbF0>.?t$O(B, $BG\@:EYIbF0>.?t$KJQ49$5$l$k(B. 
 @cindex PARI
@@ -68,36 +86,142 @@ off $B$N;~(B, $BF~NO$5$l$?IbF0>.?t$O(B, $BG\@:EYI
 @xref{$B%3%^%s%I%i%$%s%*%W%7%g%s(B}.
 @item verbose
 on $B$N;~(B, $BH!?t$N:FDj5A;~$K%a%C%;!<%8$rI=<($9$k(B. 
+@item quiet_mode
+1 $B$N$H$-(B, $B5/F0;~$KCx:n8"I=<($r9T$o$J$$(B. 
+@xref{$B%3%^%s%I%i%$%s%*%W%7%g%s(B}.
+@item prompt
+0 $B$N$H$-%W%m%s%W%H$rI=<($7$J$$(B. 1 $B$N$H$-I8=`%W%m%s%W%H$rI=<((B.
+C $B%9%?%$%k$N%U%)%^%C%HJ8;zNs$r$b$A$$$k$H%f!<%6Dj5A$N%W%m%s%W%H(B.
+$BNc(B(asirgui $B$G$OIT2D(B): 
+@code{ ctrl("prompt","\033[32m[%d]:= \033[0m")}
 @item hex
 1 $B$N$H$-(B, $B@0?t$O(B 0x $B$G;O$^$k(B 16 $B?J?t$H$7$FI=<($5$l$k(B. -1 $B$N$H$-(B, 16 $B?J?t$O(B, 
 $B4V$K(B @samp{|} $B$r$O$5$s$G(B 8 $B7e$4$H$K6h@Z$C$FI=<($5$l$k(B. 
+@item real_digit
+$BG\@:EYIbF0>.?t$NI=<($N7e?t$r;XDj$9$k(B.
+@item double_output
+1 $B$N$H$-(B, $BG\@:EYIbF0>.?t$O$D$M$K(B ddd.ddd $B$N7A$GI=<($5$l$k(B.
+@item fortran_output
+1 $B$N$H$-(B, $BB?9`<0$NI=<($,(B FORTRAN $B%9%?%$%k$K$J$k(B. $B$9$J$o$AQQ$,(B
+@samp{^} $B$NBe$o$j$K(B @samp{**} $B$GI=$5$l$k(B. 
+($B%G%U%)%k%HCM$O(B 0.)
 @item ox_batch
 1 $B$N$H$-(B, $BAw?.%P%C%U%!$,$$$C$Q$$$K$J$C$?;~$N$_<+F0E*$K(B flush.
 0 $B$N$H$-(B, $B%G!<%?(B, $B%3%^%s%IAw?.Kh$K(B flush. ($B%G%U%)%k%HCM$O(B 0.)
-@xref{$BJ,;67W;;(B}
+@xref{$BJ,;67W;;(B}.
 @item ox_check
 1 $B$N$H$-(B, $BAw?.%G!<%?$rAj<j%W%m%;%9$,<u$1<h$l$k$+$I$&$+%A%'%C%/$9$k(B. 
 0 $B$N$H$-$7$J$$(B. ($B%G%U%)%k%HCM$O(B 1.)
-@xref{$BJ,;67W;;(B}
+@xref{$BJ,;67W;;(B}.
+@item ox_exchange_mathcap
+1 $B$N$H$-(B, OX server $B$H$N@\B33+;O;~$K(B, $B<+F0E*$K(B mathcap $B$N8r49$r9T$&(B. 
+($B%G%U%)%k%HCM$O(B 1.)
+@xref{$BJ,;67W;;(B}.
 @end table
+\E
+\BEG
+@item
+This function is used to set or to get the values of switches.
+The switches are used to control an execution of @b{Asir}.
+@item If @var{obj} is not specified, the value of @var{switch} is returned.
+@item If @var{obj} is specified, the value of @var{switch} is set to 
+@var{obj}.
+@item
+Switches are specified by strings, namely, enclosed by two
+double quotes.
+@item
+Here are of switches of @b{Asir}.
+@table @code
+@item cputime
+If `on', CPU time and GC time is displayed at every top level evaluation
+of @b{Asir} command; if `off', not displayed.
+@xref{cputime tstart tstop}.
+(The switch is also set by command @code{cputime(1)}, and
+reset by @code{cputime(0)}.)
+@item nez
+Selection for EZGCD algorithm.  It is set to 1 by default.  Ordinary
+users need not change this setting.
+@item echo
+If `on', inputs from the standard input will be echoed onto the
+standard output.  When executing to load a file, the contents of the
+file will be written onto the standard output.
+If `off', the inputs will not be echoed.
+This command will be useful when used with command @code{output}.
+@item bigfloat
+If `on', floating operations will be done by @b{PARI} system with arbitrary
+precision floating point operations.
+Default precision is set to 9 digits.  To change the precision, use
+command @code{setprec}.
+If `off', floating operations will be done by @b{Asir}'s own floating
+operation routines with a fixed precision operations of
+standard floating double.
+@cindex PARI
+@item adj
+Sets the frequency of garbage collection. A rational number greater
+than or equal to 1 can be specified. The default value is 3.
+If a value closer to 1 is specified, larger heap is allocated
+and as a result, the frequency of garbage collection decreases.
+@xref{Command line options}.
+@item verbose
+If `on' a warning messages is displayed when a function is redefined.
+@item quiet_mode
+If 1 is set, the copyright notice has been displayed at boot time.
+@item prompt
+If the value is 0, then prompt is not output.
+If the value is 1, then the standard prompt is output.
+Asir prompt can be customized by giving a C-style format string.
+Example (for unix asir);
+@code{ ctrl("prompt","\033[32m[%d]:= \033[0m")}
+
+@item hex
+If 1 is set, integers are displayed as hexadecimal numbers with prefix
+@code{0x}. if -1 is set, hexadecimal numbers are displayed with 
+@samp{|} inserted at every 8 hexadecimal digits.
+@item real_digit
+Sets the number of digits used to print a floating double.
+@item double_output
+If set to 1, any floating double is printed in the style ddd.ddd.
+@item fortran_output
+If `on' polynomials are displayed in FORTRAN style. That is, a power
+is represented by @samp{**} instead of @samp{^}.
+The default value is 'off.
+@item ox_batch
+If 'on', the OpenXM send buffer is flushed only when the buffer is full.
+If 'off', the buffer is always flushed at each sending of data or command.
+The default value is 'off'.
+@xref{Distributed computation}.
+@item ox_check
+If 'on' the check by mathcap is done before sending data.
+The default value is 'on'.
+@xref{Distributed computation}.
+@item ox_exchange_mathcap
+If 'on' Asir forces the exchange of mathcaps at the communication startup.
+The default value is 'on'.
+@xref{Distributed computation}.
+@end table
+\E
 @end itemize
 
 @table @t
-@item $B;2>H(B
+\JP @item $B;2>H(B
+\EG @item References
 @fref{cputime tstart tstop}, @fref{output},
-@fref{pari}, @fref{setprec}, @fref{eval}.
+@fref{pari}, @fref{setprec}, @fref{eval deval}.
 @end table
 
-@node debug,,, $B$=$NB>(B
+\JP @node debug,,, $B$=$NB>(B
+\EG @node debug,,, Miscellaneouses
 @subsection @code{debug}
 @findex debug
 
 @table @t
 @item debug
-:: $B%G%P%C%0%b!<%I$KF~$k(B. 
+\JP :: $B%G%P%C%0%b!<%I$KF~$k(B. 
+\EG :: Forces to enter into debugging mode.
 @end table
 
 @itemize @bullet
+\BJP
 @item
 @code{debug} $B$OL50z?t$NH!?t$G$"$k$,(B, @samp{()} $B$J$7$G8F$S=P$;$k(B. 
 @item
@@ -105,6 +229,18 @@ on $B$N;~(B, $BH!?t$N:FDj5A;~$K%a%C%;!<%8$rI=<($9$k
 $B<u$1IU$1>uBV$H$J$k(B. @code{quit} $B$rF~NO$9$k$H%G%P%C%,$+$iH4$1$k(B. 
 @item
 $B%G%P%C%0%b!<%I$K$D$$$F$N>\:Y$O(B @xref{$B%G%P%C%,(B}.
+\E
+\BEG
+Function @code{debug} is a function with no argument.
+It can be called without @samp{()}.
+@item
+In the debug-mode, you are prompted by @code{(debug)} and
+the debugger is ready for commands.
+Typing in @code{quit} (Note! without a semicolon.) brings you
+to exit the debug-mode.
+@item
+See @ref{Debugger} for details.
+\E
 @end itemize
 
 @example
@@ -114,21 +250,25 @@ on $B$N;~(B, $BH!?t$N:FDj5A;~$K%a%C%;!<%8$rI=<($9$k
 [2] 
 @end example
 
-@node error,,, $B$=$NB>(B
+\JP @node error,,, $B$=$NB>(B
+\EG @node error,,, Miscellaneouses
 @subsection @code{error}
 @findex error
 
 @table @t
 @item error(@var{message})
-:: $B%W%m%0%i%`Cf$G6/@)E*$K%(%i!<$rH/@8$5$;$k(B. 
+\JP :: $B%W%m%0%i%`Cf$G6/@)E*$K%(%i!<$rH/@8$5$;$k(B. 
+\EG :: Forces @b{Asir} to cause an error and enter debugging mode.
 @end table
 
 @table @var
 @item message
-$BJ8;zNs(B
+\JP $BJ8;zNs(B
+\EG string
 @end table
 
 @itemize @bullet
+\BJP
 @item
 $B0lHL$K(B, $B0z?t$N4V0c$$$J$I(B, $BB39TIT2DG=$J%(%i!<$,AH$_9~$_H!?t$K$*$$$F(B
 $BH/@8$7$?;~(B, $B%H%C%W%l%Y%k$KLa$kA0$K(B, $B2DG=$J$i$P$=$N%(%i!<$N;~E@$G(B
@@ -140,6 +280,23 @@ on $B$N;~(B, $BH!?t$N:FDj5A;~$K%a%C%;!<%8$rI=<($9$k
 @item
 $B%f!<%6H!?t$K$*$$$F(B, $BJQ?t$r%A%'%C%/$7$F(B, $B$"$jF@$J$$CM$N>l9g$K(B @code{error()}
 $B$r8F$S=P$9$h$&$K$7$F$*$1$P(B, $B$=$N;~E@$G<+F0E*$K%G%P%C%0%b!<%I$KF~$l$k(B. 
+\E
+\BEG
+@item
+When @b{Asir} encounters a serious error such that it finds difficult
+to continue execution,
+it, in general, tries to enter debugging mode before it returns to
+top level.
+The command @code{error()} forces a similar behavior in a user program.
+@item
+The argument is a string which will be displayed when @code{error()}
+will be executed.
+@item
+You can enter the debug-mode when your program encounters an illegal
+value for a program variable, if you have written the program
+so as to call @code{error()} upon finding such an error in your program
+text.
+\E
 @end itemize
 
 @example
@@ -168,52 +325,89 @@ return to toplevel
 @end example
 
 @table @t
-@item $B;2>H(B
+\JP @item $B;2>H(B
+\EG @item References
 @fref{debug}.
 @end table
 
-@node help,,, $B$=$NB>(B
+\JP @node help,,, $B$=$NB>(B
+\EG @node help,,, Miscellaneouses
 @subsection @code{help}
 @findex help
 
 @table @t
 @item help(["@var{function}"])
-:: $BH!?t$N@bL@$rI=<($9$k(B. 
+\JP :: $BH!?t$N@bL@$rI=<($9$k(B. 
+\EG :: Displays the description of function @var{function}.
 @end table
 
 @table @var
 @item return
 0
 @item function
-$BH!?tL>(B
+\JP $BH!?tL>(B
+\EG function name
 @end table
 
 @itemize @bullet
+\BJP
 @item
 $BL50z?t$N;~(B, $B:G>.8B$N@bL@$,I=<($5$l$k(B. $BH!?tL>$,0z?t$H$7$FM?$($i$l$?(B
 $B$H$-(B, $BI8=`%i%$%V%i%j%G%#%l%/%H%j$K$"$k(B @samp{help} $B$H$$$&%G%#%l%/%H%j(B
 $B$KF1L>$N%U%!%$%k$,$"$l$P(B, $B4D6-JQ?t(B @code{PAGER} $B$K@_Dj$5$l$F$$$k%3%^%s%I(B, 
 $B$"$k$$$O(B @samp{more} $B$r8F$S=P$7$F$=$N%U%!%$%k$rI=<($9$k(B. 
 @item
+$B4D6-JQ?t(B @code{LANG} $B$,@_Dj$5$l$F$$$k>l9g(B, $B$=$NCM$,(B @code{"japan"} $B$^$?$O(B
+@code{"ja_JP"} $B$G;O$^$k$J$i(B, @samp{help} $B$NBe$o$j$K(B @samp{help-jp}
+$B$K$"$k%U%!%$%k$,I=<($5$l$k(B. $B$=$&$G$J$$>l9g(B, @samp{help-eg}
+$B$K$"$k%U%!%$%k$,I=<($5$l$k(B. 
+@item
 Windows $BHG$G$O(B, $B%3%^%s%I%i%$%s$+$i$N%X%k%W8F$S=P$7$OL$%5%]!<%H$@$,(B, 
 $B%a%K%e!<$+$i(B HTML $B7A<0$N$b$N$r8F$S=P$7MQ$$$k$3$H$,$G$-$k(B. 
+\E
+\BEG
+@item
+If invoked without argument, it displays rough usage of @b{Asir}.
+@item
+If a function name is given and if there exists a file with the
+same name in the directory @samp{help} under standard library directory,
+the file is displayed by a command set to the environmental variable
+@code{PAGER} or else command @samp{more}.
+@item
+If the @code{LANG} environment variable is set and its value
+begins with @code{"japan"} or @code{"ja_JP"}, then the file in
+@samp{help-jp} is displayed. If its value does not begin with
+@code{"japan"} or @code{"ja_JP"}, then the file in @samp{help-eg}
+is displayed.
+@item
+On Windows HTML-style help is available from the menu.
+\E
 @end itemize
 
-@node time,,, $B$=$NB>(B
+\JP @node time,,, $B$=$NB>(B
+\EG @node time,,, Miscellaneouses
 @subsection @code{time}
 @findex time
 
 @table @t
 @item time()
-:: $B%;%C%7%g%s3+;O$+$i8=:_$^$G$N(B CPU $B;~4V$*$h$S(B GC $B;~4V$rI=<($9$k(B
+\JP :: $B%;%C%7%g%s3+;O$+$i8=:_$^$G$N(B CPU $B;~4V$*$h$S(B GC $B;~4V$rI=<($9$k(B
+\BEG
+:: Returns a four element list consisting of
+total CPU time, GC time, the elapsed time
+and also total memory quantities requested
+from the start of current @b{Asir} session.
+\E
 @end table
 
 @table @var
 @item return 
-$B%j%9%H(B
+\JP $B%j%9%H(B
+\EG list
 @end table
 
 @itemize @bullet
+\BJP
 @item
 CPU $B;~4V$*$h$S(B GC $B;~4V$NI=<($K4X$9$k%3%^%s%I$G$"$k(B. 
 @item
@@ -241,6 +435,46 @@ on $B$K$J$C$F$$$k>l9g$K$O(B, $B%H%C%W%l%Y%k$NJ8$r0l
 @code{getrusage()} $B$,;H$($k(B UNIX $B>e$G$O(B @code{time()} $B$O?.Mj@-$N$"$kCM(B
 $B$rJV$9$,(B, Windows 95, 98 $B>e$G$O;~9o$rMQ$$$k$[$+J}K!$,$J$$$?$a7P2a;~4V$=$N$b$N(B
 $B$,I=<($5$l$k(B. $B$h$C$F(B, $BBT$A>uBV$,$"$k$H(B, $B$=$l$b7P2a;~4V$K2C;;$5$l$k(B. 
+\E
+\BEG
+@item 
+These are commands regarding CPU time and GC time.
+@item 
+The GC time is the time regarded to spent by the garbage collector,
+and the CPU time is the time defined by subtracting the GC time from
+the total time consumed by command @b{Asir}.  Their unit is `second.'
+@item 
+Command @code{time()} returns total CPU time and GC time measured
+from the start of current @b{Asir} session. It also returns the elapsed
+time. Time unit is `second.'
+Moreover, it returns total memory quantities in words
+(usually 4 bytes) which are requested
+to the memory manager from the beginning of the current session.
+The return value is a list and the format is @code{[CPU time, GC time,
+Memory, Elapsed time]}.
+@item 
+You can find the CPU time and GC time for some computation by taking
+the difference of the figure reported by @code{time()} at the beginning
+and the ending of the computation.
+@item 
+Since arbitrary precision integers are NOT used for counting
+the total amount of memory request, the number will eventually happen
+to become meaningless due to integer overflow.
+@item 
+When @code{cputime} switch is active by @code{ctrl()} or by
+@code{cputime()}, the execution time will be displayed after every
+evaluation of top level statement.
+In a program, however, in order to know the execution time for a
+sequence of computations, you have to use @code{time()} command, for
+an example.
+@item
+On UNIX, if @code{getrusage()} is available, @code{time()} reports
+reliable figures. On Windows NT it also gives reliable CPU time.
+However, on Windows 95/98, the reported time is nothing but 
+the elapsed time of the real world.
+Therefore, the time elapsed in the debug-mode and the time of waiting
+for a reply to interruption prompting are added to the elapsed time.
+\E
 @end itemize
 
 @example
@@ -254,11 +488,13 @@ on $B$K$J$C$F$$$k>l9g$K$O(B, $B%H%C%W%l%Y%k$NJ8$r0l
 @end example
 
 @table @t
-@item $B;2>H(B
-@fref{cputime tstart tstop}.
+\JP @item $B;2>H(B
+\EG @item References
+@fref{cputime tstart tstop}, @fref{currenttime}.
 @end table
 
-@node cputime tstart tstop,,, $B$=$NB>(B
+\JP @node cputime tstart tstop,,, $B$=$NB>(B
+\EG @node cputime tstart tstop,,, Miscellaneouses
 @subsection @code{cputime}, @code{tstart}, @code{tstop}
 @findex cputime
 @findex tstart
@@ -266,21 +502,33 @@ on $B$K$J$C$F$$$k>l9g$K$O(B, $B%H%C%W%l%Y%k$NJ8$r0l
 
 @table @t
 @item cputime(@var{onoff})
-:: $B0z?t$,(B 0 $B$J$i$P(B @code{cputime} $B$NI=<($r;_$a$k(B. $B$=$l0J30$J$i$PI=<($r9T$&(B. 
+\JP :: $B0z?t$,(B 0 $B$J$i$P(B @code{cputime} $B$NI=<($r;_$a$k(B. $B$=$l0J30$J$i$PI=<($r9T$&(B. 
+\BEG
+:: Stop displaying @code{cputime} if its argument is 0, otherwise
+start displaying @code{cputime} after every top level evaluation of
+Asir command.
+\E
 @item tstart()
-:: CPU time $B7WB,3+;O(B. 
+\JP :: CPU time $B7WB,3+;O(B. 
+\EG :: Resets and starts timer for CPU time and GC time.
 @item tstop()
-:: CPU time $B7WB,=*N;$*$h$SI=<((B. 
+\JP :: CPU time $B7WB,=*N;$*$h$SI=<((B. 
+\BEG
+:: Stops timer and then displays CPU time GC time elapsed from the
+last time when timer was started.
+\E
 @end table
 
 @table @var
 @item return 
 0
 @item onoff
-$B%U%i%0(B ($BG$0U(B)
+\JP $B%U%i%0(B ($BG$0U(B)
+\EG flag (arbitrary)
 @end table
 
 @itemize @bullet
+\BJP
 @item
 @code{cputime()} $B$O(B, $B0z?t$,(B 0 $B$J$i$P(B CPU time $B$NI=<($r;_$a$k(B. $B$=$l0J30$J$i$PI=<($r9T$&(B. 
 @item
@@ -299,6 +547,32 @@ on $B$K$J$C$F$$$k>l9g$K$O(B, $B%H%C%W%l%Y%k$NJ8$r0l
 $B$N0l$D$NJ8$KBP$9$k7WB,$O>o$K9T$o$l$F$$$k(B. $B$h$C$F(B, $B7W;;$r;O$a$F$+$i$G$b(B, 
 $B7W;;=*N;A0$K%G%P%C%,$KF~$C$F(B @code{cputime(1)} $B$r<B9T$5$;$l$P7W;;;~4V$O(B
 $BI=<($5$l$k(B. 
+\E
+\BEG
+@item
+Command @code{cputime()} with NON-ZERO argument enables @b{Asir} to display
+CPU time and GC time after every evaluation of top level @b{Asir} command.
+The command with argument 0 disables displaying them.
+@item 
+Command @code{tstart()} starts measuring CPU time and GC time without
+arguments.  The parentheses @samp{()} may be omitted.
+@item 
+Command @code{tstop()} stops measuring CPU time and GC time and displays
+them without arguments. The parentheses @samp{()} may be omitted.
+@item 
+Command @code{cputime(@var{onoff})} has same meaning as
+@code{ctrl("cputime",@var{onoff})}.
+@item 
+Nested use of @code{tstart()} and @code{tstop()} is not expected.
+If such an effect is desired, use @code{time()}.
+@item 
+On and off states by @code{cputime()} have effects only to displaying
+mode.  Time for evaluation of every top level statement is always
+measured.
+Therefore, even after a computation has already started,
+you can let @b{Asir} display the timings, whenever you enter
+the debug-mode and execute @code{cputime(1)}.
+\E
 @end itemize
 
 @example
@@ -311,25 +585,158 @@ on $B$K$J$C$F$$$k>l9g$K$O(B, $B%H%C%W%l%Y%k$NJ8$r0l
 @end example
 
 @table @t
-@item $B;2>H(B
-@fref{time}, @fref{ctrl}.
+\JP @item $B;2>H(B
+\EG @item References
+@fref{time}, @fref{currenttime}, @fref{ctrl}.
 @end table
 
-@node heap,,, $B$=$NB>(B
+\JP @node timer,,, $B$=$NB>(B
+\EG @node timer,,, Miscellaneouses
+@subsection @code{timer}
+@findex timer
+
+@table @t
+@item timer(@var{interval},@var{expr},@var{val})
+\JP :: $B@)8B;~4V$D$-$G7W;;$r<B9T$9$k(B.
+\EG :: Compute an expression under the interval timer.
+@end table
+
+@table @var
+@item return 
+\JP $B7k2L(B
+\EG result
+
+@item interval
+\JP $B@)8B;~4V(B ($BIC(B)
+\EG interval (second)
+
+@item expr
+\JP $B7W;;$9$k<0(B
+\EG expression to be computed
+
+@item val
+\JP $B%?%$%^$K$h$kCfCG;~$NLa$jCM(B
+\EG a value to be returned when the timer is expired
+@end table
+
+@itemize @bullet
+
+\BJP
+@item
+@code{timer()} $B$O(B, $B;~4V$r;XDj$7$F7W;;$r<B9T$9$k(B. $B;XDj;~4VFb$K7W;;$,40N;(B
+$B$7$?>l9g$=$NCM$rJV$9(B. $B;XDj;~4VFb$K7W;;$,40N;$7$J$+$C$?>l9g(B, $BBh(B 3 $B0z?t(B
+$B$rJV$9(B. 
+
+@item
+$BBh(B 3 $B0z?t$NCM$O(B, $B7W;;$,40N;$7$?>l9g$NCM$H6hJL$G$-$kI,MW$,$"$k(B. 
+\E
+
+\BEG
+@item
+@code{timer()} computes an expression under the interval timer.
+If the computation finishes within the specified interval, it
+returns the result of the computation. Otherwise it returns the third
+argument.
+
+@item
+The third argument should be distinguishable from the result on success.
+\E
+
+@end itemize
+
+@example
+[0] load("cyclic");
+1
+[10] timer(10,dp_gr_main(cyclic(7),[c0,c1,c2,c3,c4,c5,c6],1,1,0),0);
+interval timer expired (VTALRM)
+0
+[11] 
+@end example
+
+\JP @node currenttime,,, $B$=$NB>(B
+\EG @node currenttime,,, Miscellaneouses
+@subsection @code{currenttime}
+@findex currenttime
+
+@table @t
+@item currenttime()
+\JP :: $B8=:_;~9o$r<hF@(B
+\EG :: Get current time.
+@end table
+
+@table @var
+@item return 
+\JP 1970$BG/(B1$B7n(B1$BF|(B0$B;~(B0$BJ,(B0$BIC$+$i$N7P2aIC?t(B.
+\EG UNIX time.
+@end table
+
+@itemize @bullet
+
+@item
+\JP @code{currenttime()} $B$O8=:_;~9o$rJV$9(B.  UNIX $B$N>l9g(B, time(3) $B$r8F$s$G$$$k$@$1$G$"$k(B.
+\EG See also time(3) in UNIX manuals.
+
+@end itemize
+
+@example
+[0] currenttime();
+1071639228
+[1] 
+@end example
+
+\JP @node sleep,,, $B$=$NB>(B
+\EG @node sleep,,, Miscellaneouses
+@subsection @code{sleep}
+@findex sleep
+
+@table @t
+@item sleep(@var{interval})
+\JP :: $B%W%m%;%9$N<B9T$rDd;_(B
+\EG :: Suspend computation for an interval.
+@end table
+
+@table @var
+@item return 
+1
+
+@item interval
+\JP $BDd;_;~4V(B ($B%^%$%/%mIC(B)
+\EG interval (micro second)
+@end table
+
+@itemize @bullet
+
+@item
+\JP @code{sleep()} $B$O(B, $B%W%m%;%9$N<B9T$rDd;_$9$k(B.  UNIX $B$N>l9g(B, usleep $B$r8F$s$G$$$k$@$1$G$"$k(B.
+\EG See also usleep(3) in UNIX manuals.
+
+@end itemize
+
+@example
+[0] sleep(1000);
+1
+[1] 
+@end example
+
+\JP @node heap,,, $B$=$NB>(B
+\EG @node heap,,, Miscellaneouses
 @subsection @code{heap}
 @findex heap
 
 @table @t
 @item heap()
-:: $B8=:_$N%R!<%W$NBg$-$5$rJV$9(B. ($BC10L(B:$B%P%$%H(B)
+\JP :: $B8=:_$N%R!<%W$NBg$-$5$rJV$9(B. ($BC10L(B:$B%P%$%H(B)
+\EG :: Heap area size currently in use.
 @end table
 
 @table @var
 @item return 
-$B<+A3?t(B
+\JP $B<+A3?t(B
+\EG non-negative integer
 @end table
 
 @itemize @bullet
+\BJP
 @item
 $B8=:_$N%R!<%W$NBg$-$5(B($BC10L(B : $B%P%$%H(B) $B$rJV$9(B. $B%R!<%W$H$O(B, @b{Asir} $B$N(B
 $B$5$^$6$^$J?t<0$d(B, $B%f!<%6%W%m%0%i%`$J$I$,$*$+$l$k%a%b%j$NNN0h$G(B, $B%,!<%Y%8(B
@@ -339,6 +746,23 @@ on $B$K$J$C$F$$$k>l9g$K$O(B, $B%H%C%W%l%Y%k$NJ8$r0l
 @item
 $B<B%a%b%j$,>/$J$$>l9g$K$O(B, $B5/F0;~$N(B @code{-adj} $B%*%W%7%g%s$K$h$j(B, 
 GC $B<gBN$N@_Dj$r9T$C$F$*$/I,MW$,$"$k(B. 
+\E
+\BEG
+@item 
+Command @code{heap()} returns an integer which is the byte size
+of current @b{Asir} heap area.
+      
+Heap is a memory area where various data for expressions and
+user programs of @b{Asir} and is managed by the garbage collector.
+While @b{Asir} is running, size of the heap is monotonously
+non-decreasing against the time elapsed.  If it happens to exceed the
+real memory size, most (real world) time is consumed for swapping between
+real memory and disk memory.
+@item 
+For a platform with little real memory, it is recommended to set up
+@b{Asir} configuration tuned for GC functions by @code{-adj} option
+at the activation of @b{Asir}. (@xref{Command line options}.)
+\E
 @end itemize
 
 @example
@@ -373,94 +797,123 @@ GC $B<gBN$N@_Dj$r9T$C$F$*$/I,MW$,$"$k(B. 
 @end example
 
 @table @t
-@item $B;2>H(B
-@fref{$B%3%^%s%I%i%$%s%*%W%7%g%s(B}.
+\JP @item $B;2>H(B
+\EG @item References
+\JP @fref{$B%3%^%s%I%i%$%s%*%W%7%g%s(B}.
+\EG @fref{Command line options}.
 @end table
 
-@node version,,, $B$=$NB>(B
+\JP @node version,,, $B$=$NB>(B
+\EG @node version,,, Miscellaneouses
 @subsection @code{version}
 @findex version
 
 @table @t
 @item version()
-:: @b{Asir} $B$N%P!<%8%g%s$rJV$9(B. 
+\JP :: @b{Asir} $B$N%P!<%8%g%s$rJV$9(B. 
+\EG :: Version identification number of  @b{Asir}.
 @end table
 
 @table @var
 @item return 
-$B<+A3?t(B
+\JP $B<+A3?t(B
+\EG integer  
 @end table
 
 @itemize @bullet
+\BJP
 @item
-@b{Asir} $B$N%P!<%8%g%s$r(B 10 $B?J(B 6 $B7e$N<+A3?t$GJV$9(B. $B:G=i$N(B 2 $B7e$,(B
-$B@>Nq$N2<(B 2 $B7e(B, $B<!$N(B 2 $B7e$,7n(B, $B:G8e$N(B 2 $B7e$,F|$rI=$9(B. 
+@b{Asir} $B$N%P!<%8%g%s$r<+A3?t$GJV$9(B.
+\E
+\BEG
+@item
+Command @code{version()} returns the version identification number, 
+an integer of @b{Asir} in use.
+\E
 @end itemize
 
 @example
 [0] version();
-990831
+991214
 @end example
 
-@node shell,,, $B$=$NB>(B
+\JP @node shell,,, $B$=$NB>(B
+\EG @node shell,,, Miscellaneouses
 @subsection @code{shell}
 @findex shell
 
 @table @t
 @item shell(@var{command})
-:: @var{command} $B$r%7%'%k%3%^%s%I$H$7$F<B9T$9$k(B. 
+\JP :: @var{command} $B$r%7%'%k%3%^%s%I$H$7$F<B9T$9$k(B. 
+\EG :: Execute shell commands described by a string @var{command}.
 @end table
 
 @table @var
 @item return 
-$B<+A3?t(B
+\JP $B<+A3?t(B
+\EG integer
 @item command
-$BJ8;zNs(B
+\JP $BJ8;zNs(B
+\EG string
 @end table
 
 @itemize @bullet
+\BJP
 @item
 @var{command} $B$r(B C $B$N(B @code{system()} $BH!?t$K$h$j%7%'%k%3%^%s%I$H$7$F<B9T$9$k(B. 
 $B%7%'%k$N=*N;%9%F!<%?%9$rJV$9(B. 
+\E
+\BEG
+Execute shell commands described by a string @var{command}
+by a C function @code{system()}.  This returns the exit status of shell
+as its return value.
+\E
 @end itemize
 
 @example
 [0] shell("ls");
-alg             da              katsura         ralg            suit
-algt            defs.h          kimura          ratint          test
-alpi            edet            kimura3         robot           texput.log
-asir.o          fee             mfee            sasa            wang
-asir_symtab     gr              mksym           shira           wang_data
-base            gr.h            mp              snf1            wt
-bgk             help            msubst          solve
-chou            hom             p               sp
-const           ifplot          proot           strum
-cyclic          is              r               sugar
+alg           da            katsura       ralg          suit
+algt          defs.h        kimura        ratint        test
+alpi          edet          kimura3       robot         texput.log
+asir.o        fee           mfee          sasa          wang
+asir_symtab   gr            mksym         shira         wang_data
+base          gr.h          mp            snf1          wt
+bgk           help          msubst        solve
+chou          hom           p             sp
+const         ifplot        proot         strum
+cyclic        is            r             sugar
 0
 [1] 
 @end example
 
-@node map,,, $B$=$NB>(B
+\JP @node map,,, $B$=$NB>(B
+\EG @node map,,, Miscellaneouses
 @subsection @code{map}
 @findex map
 
 @table @t
 @item map(@var{function},@var{arg0},@var{arg1},...)
-:: $B%j%9%H(B, $BG[Ns$N3FMWAG$KH!?t$rE,MQ$9$k(B. 
+\JP :: $B%j%9%H(B, $BG[Ns$N3FMWAG$KH!?t$rE,MQ$9$k(B. 
+\EG :: Applies a function to each member of a list or an array.
 @end table
 
 @table @var
 @item return
-@var{arg0} $B$HF1$87?$N%*%V%8%'%/%H(B
+\JP @var{arg0} $B$HF1$87?$N%*%V%8%'%/%H(B
+\EG an object of the same type as @var{arg0}.
 @item function
-$BH!?tL>(B
+\JP $BH!?tL>(B
+\EG the name of a function
 @item arg0
-$B%j%9%H(B, $B%Y%/%H%k(B, $B9TNs(B
-@item arg1, ...
-$BG$0U(B ($B;D$j$N0z?t(B)
+\JP $B%j%9%H(B, $B%Y%/%H%k(B, $B9TNs(B
+\EG list, vector or matrix
+@item arg1  ...
+\JP $BG$0U(B ($B;D$j$N0z?t(B)
+\EG arbitrary (the rest of arguments)
 @end table
 
 @itemize @bullet
+\BJP
 @item
 @var{arg0} $B$N3FMWAG$r:G=i$N0z?t(B, @var{arg1} $B0J2<$N;D$j$N0z?t$H$7$F(B
 $BH!?t(B @var{function} $B$r8F$S=P$7(B, @var{arg0} $B$NBP1~$9$kMWAG$N0LCV$K(B
@@ -473,6 +926,28 @@ cyclic          is              r               sugar
 @var{arg0} $B$,%j%9%H(B, $B%Y%/%H%k(B, $B9TNs0J30$N>l9g(B, $BC1$K(B @var{arg0}, 
 @var{arg1}, ... $B$r0z?t$H$7$F(B @var{function} $B$r8F$S=P$7$=$N(B
 $B7k2L$rJV$9(B. 
+@item
+@code{map} $B$N0z?t(B @var{function} $B$GM?$($i$l$kH!?t$O(B, $BFbItE*$K$bH!?t$H(B
+$B$7$F<BAu$5$l$F$$$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$(B.  $B$=$&$G$J$1$l$P(B parse error $B$K$J$k(B. 
+$BNc$($P(B @code{map} $B<+?H$d(B @code{car}, @code{cdr} $B$J$I$OFbItE*$K$OH!?t$G(B
+$B$O$J$/(B, Asir $B$NJ8K!$K$*$1$k%-!<%o!<%I$H$7$F<BAu$5$l$F$$$k(B.  $B$7$?$,$C$F(B 
+@code{map} $B$N0z?t$K(B @code{map} $B$r$H$k$3$H$O$G$-$J$$(B.
+\E
+\BEG
+@item 
+Returns an object of the same type as @var{arg0}. Each member of the
+returned object is the return value of a function call where the first
+argument is the member of @var{arg0} corresponding to the member in
+the returned object and the rest of the argument are @var{arg1},
+@dots{}.
+@item 
+@var{function} is a function name itself without @samp{"}.
+@item 
+A program variable cannot be used as @var{function}.
+@item 
+If @var{arg0} is neither list nor array this function simply
+returns the value of @var{function}(@var{arg0},@var{arg1},@dots{}).
+\E
 @end itemize
 
 @example
@@ -481,26 +956,39 @@ cyclic          is              r               sugar
 [1,8,27]
 @end example
 
-@node flist,,, $B$=$NB>(B
+\JP @node flist,,, $B$=$NB>(B
+\EG @node flist,,, Miscellaneouses      
 @subsection @code{flist}
 @findex flist
 
 @table @t
 @item flist()
-:: $B8=:_Dj5A$5$l$F$$$kH!?tL>$rJ8;zNs%j%9%H$H$7$FJV$9(B. 
+\JP :: $B8=:_Dj5A$5$l$F$$$kH!?tL>$rJ8;zNs%j%9%H$H$7$FJV$9(B. 
+\EG :: Returns the list of function names currently defined.
 @end table
 
 @table @var
 @item return
-$BJ8;zNs$N%j%9%H(B
+\JP $BJ8;zNs$N%j%9%H(B
+\EG list of character strings
 @end table
 
 @itemize @bullet
+\BJP
 @item
 $B8=:_Dj5A$5$l$F$$$kAH$_9~$_H!?t(B, $B%f!<%6Dj5AH!?t$NH!?tL>$rJ8;zNs%j%9%H(B
 $B$H$7$FJV$9(B. 
 @item
 $B%7%9%F%`H!?t$N8e$K%f!<%6Dj5AH!?t$,B3$/(B. 
+\E
+\BEG
+@item 
+Returns the list of names of built-in functions and user defined functions
+currently defined. The return value is a list of character strings.
+@item 
+The names of built-in functions are followed by those of user defined
+functions.
+\E
 @end itemize
 
 @example
@@ -508,23 +996,27 @@ cyclic          is              r               sugar
 [defpoly,newalg,mainalg,algtorat,rattoalg,getalg,alg,algv,...]
 @end example
 
-@node delete_history,,, $B$=$NB>(B
+\JP @node delete_history,,, $B$=$NB>(B
+\EG @node delete_history,,, Miscellaneouses
 @subsection @code{delete_history}
 @findex delete_history
 
 @table @t
 @item delete_history([@var{index}])
-:: $B%R%9%H%j$r>C5n$9$k(B. 
+\JP :: $B%R%9%H%j$r>C5n$9$k(B. 
+\EG :: Deletes the history.
 @end table
 
 @table @var
 @item return
 0
 @item index
-$B>C5n$7$?$$%R%9%H%j$NHV9f(B
+\JP $B>C5n$7$?$$%R%9%H%j$NHV9f(B
+\EG Index of history to be deleted.
 @end table
 
 @itemize @bullet
+\BJP
 @item
 $B0z?t$,$J$$$H$-(B, $B$3$l$^$G7W;;$7$?%R%9%H%j$rA4$F>C5n$9$k(B. 
 @item
@@ -537,6 +1029,21 @@ cyclic          is              r               sugar
 $BBg$-$J<0$,%R%9%H%j$H$7$F;D$C$?>l9g(B, $B0J9_$N%a%b%j4IM}$K;Y>c$rMh$9>l9g$,B?$$(B
 $B$?$a(B, @code{bsave()} $B$J$I$G%U%!%$%k$K%;!<%V$7$F(B, @code{delete_history()}
 $B$K$h$j%R%9%H%j$r>C5n$7$F$*$/$N$,M-8z$G$"$k(B. 
+\E
+\BEG
+@item 
+Deletes all the histories without an argument.
+@item 
+Deletes the history with index @var{index} if specified.
+@item 
+A history is an expression which has been obtained by evaluating an input
+given for a prompt with an index. It can be taken out by @code{@@@var{index}},
+which means that the expression survives garbage collections.
+@item 
+A large history may do harm in the subsequent memory management and
+deleting the history by @code{delete_history()}, after saving it in a file
+by @code{bsave()}, is often effective.
+\E
 @end itemize
 
 @example
@@ -548,21 +1055,25 @@ cyclic          is              r               sugar
 0
 @end example
 
-@node get_rootdir,,, $B$=$NB>(B
+\JP @node get_rootdir,,, $B$=$NB>(B
+\EG @node get_rootdir,,, Miscellaneouses
 @subsection @code{get_rootdir}
 @findex get_rootdir
 
 @table @t
 @item get_rootdir()
-:: Asir $B$N%k!<%H%G%#%l%/%H%jL>$r<h$j=P$9(B
+\JP :: Asir $B$N%k!<%H%G%#%l%/%H%jL>$r<h$j=P$9(B
+\EG :: Gets the name of @b{Asir} root directory.
 @end table
 
 @table @var
 @item return
-$BJ8;zNs(B
+\JP $BJ8;zNs(B
+\EG string
 @end table
 
 @itemize @bullet
+\BJP
 @item
 UNIX $BHG$N>l9g(B, $B4D6-JQ?t(B @code{ASIR_LIBDIR} $B$,Dj5A$5$l$F$$$k>l9g$K$O$=$NCM(B, $B$5$l$F$$$J$$>l9g(B
 $B$K$O(B @samp{/usr/local/lib/asir} $B$rJV$9(B. 
@@ -572,7 +1083,131 @@ Windows $BHG$N>l9g(B, @samp{asirgui.exe} $B$N$"$k%G
 @item
 $B$3$N4X?t$,JV$9%G%#%l%/%H%jL>$r4p=`$H$7$?AjBP%Q%9L>$r;XDj$9$k$3$H$K$h$j(B, $B%$%s%9%H!<%k(B
 $B$5$l$?>l=j$K$h$i$J$$%U%!%$%kFI$_9~$_%W%m%0%i%`$r=q$/$3$H$,$G$-$k(B. 
+\E
+\BEG
+@item
+On UNIX it returns the value of an environment variable @code{ASIR_LIBDIR}
+or @samp{/usr/local/lib/asir} if @code{ASIR_LIBDIR} is not set.
+@item
+On Windows the name of @b{Asir} root directory is returned.
+@item
+By using relative path names from the value of this function, 
+one can write programs which contain file operations independent
+of the install directory.
+\E
 @end itemize
+
+
+\JP @node getopt,,, $B$=$NB>(B
+\EG @node getopt,,, Miscellaneouses
+@subsection @code{getopt}
+@findex getopt
+
+@table @t
+@item getopt([@var{key}])
+\JP :: $B%*%W%7%g%s$NCM$rJV$9(B. 
+\EG :: Returns the value of an option.
+@end table
+
+@table @var
+@item return
+\JP $B%*%V%8%'%/%H(B
+\EG object
+@end table
+
+@itemize @bullet
+\BJP
+@item
+$B%f!<%6Dj5A4X?t$O(B, $B8GDj8D?t0z?t$G$7$+@k8@$G$-$J$$(B. $B%f!<%6Dj5A4X?t$G(B
+$B2DJQ8D0z?t$r<B8=$9$kJ}K!$N0l$D$H$7$F(B, $B%*%W%7%g%s$K$h$k0z?t$N;XDj(B
+$B$,$"$k(B (@pxref{$B%*%W%7%g%s;XDj(B}). $B;XDj$5$l$?%*%W%7%g%s$r4X?tFb$G(B
+$B<u$1<h$k$?$a$K$3$N4X?t$rMQ$$$k(B. 
+@item
+$BL50z?t$G8F$S=P$5$l$?>l9g(B, @code{getopt()} $B$O(B 
+@code{[[key1,value1],[key2,value2],...]} $B$J$k%j%9%H$rJV$9(B. 
+$B$3$3$G(B, @code{key} $B$O4X?t8F$S=P$7;~$K;XDj$5$l$?%*%W%7%g%s(B, @code{value}
+$B$O$=$NCM$G$"$k(B. 
+@item
+$B4X?t8F$S=P$7$N:]$K(B @var{key} $B$,%*%W%7%g%s$H$7$F;XDj$5$l$F$$$k(B
+$B>l9g$K$O(B, $B$=$NCM$rJV$9(B. $B$b$7;XDj$,$J$$>l9g$K$O(B, VOID $B7?%*%V%8%'%/%H(B
+($B7?<1JL;R(B -1) $B$rJV$9(B. @code{getopt()} $B$,JV$7$?CM$N7?$r(B @code{type()}
+$B$GD4$Y$k$3$H$G(B, $B$=$N%*%W%7%g%s$,;XDj$5$l$?$+$I$&$+D4$Y$k$3$H$,$G$-$k(B. 
+@item
+$B4X?t8F$S=P$7$K$*$1$k%*%W%7%g%s$N;XDj$O(B, $B@55,$N0z?t$J$i$S$N8e$m$K(B, 
+
+@example
+xxx(A,B,C,D|x=X,y=Y,z=Z)
+@end example
+
+$B$H$$$&Iw$K(B, @samp{|} $B$KB3$/(B, @var{key=value} $B$N(B @samp{,} $B$G6h@Z$i$l$?(B
+$BJB$S$rCV$/$3$H$G9T$&(B. 
+\E
+\BEG
+@item
+When a user defined function is called, the number of arguments
+must be equal to that in the declaration of the function.
+A function with indefinite number of arguments can be realized
+by using @var{options} (@pxref{option}).        
+The value of a specified option is retrieved by @code{getopt}.
+@item
+If @code{getopt()} is called with no argument, then it returns a list
+@code{[[key1,value1],} @code{[key2,value2],@dots{}]}.
+In the list, each @code{key}
+is an option which was specified when the function executing @code{getopt}
+was invoked, and @code{value} is the value of the option.
+@item
+If an option @var{key} is specified upon a function call, @code{getopt}
+return the value of the option. If such an option is not specified,
+the it returns an object of VOID type whose object identifier is
+-1. By examining the type of the returned value with @code{type()},
+one knows whether the option is set or not.
+@item
+Options are specified as follows:
+
+@example
+xxx(A,B,C,D|x=X,y=Y,z=Z)
+@end example
+
+That is, the options are specified by a sequence of @var{key=value} seperated
+by @samp{,}, after @samp{|}.
+\E
+@end itemize
+
+@table @t
+\JP @item $B;2>H(B
+\EG @item References
+\JP @fref{$B%*%W%7%g%s;XDj(B}, @fref{type}.
+\EG @fref{option}, @fref{type}.
+@end table
+
+\JP @node getenv,,, $B$=$NB>(B
+\EG @node getenv,,, Miscellaneouses
+@subsection @code{getenv}
+@findex getenv
+
+@table @t
+@item getenv(@var{name})
+\JP :: $B4D6-JQ?t$NCM$rJV$9(B. 
+\EG :: Returns the value of an environment variable.
+@end table
+
+@table @var
+@item return
+@itemx name
+\JP $BJ8;zNs(B
+\EG string
+@end table
+
+@itemize @bullet
+@item
+\JP $B4D6-JQ?t(B @var{name} $B$NCM$rJV$9(B. 
+\EG Returns the value of an environment variable @var{name}.
+@end itemize
+                
+@example
+[0] getenv("HOME");
+/home/pcrf/noro
+@end example