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Annotation of OpenXM/src/asir-doc/parts/builtin/misc.texi, Revision 1.19

1.19    ! ohara       1: @comment $OpenXM: OpenXM/src/asir-doc/parts/builtin/misc.texi,v 1.18 2003/12/21 17:36:29 ohara Exp $
1.3       noro        2: \BJP
1.1       noro        3: @node $B$=$NB>(B,,, $BAH$_9~$_H!?t(B
                      4: @section $B$=$NB>(B
1.3       noro        5: \E
                      6: \BEG
                      7: @node Miscellaneouses,,, Built-in Function
                      8: @section Miscellaneouses
                      9: \E
1.1       noro       10:
                     11: @menu
                     12: * ctrl::
                     13: * debug::
                     14: * error::
                     15: * help::
                     16: * time::
                     17: * cputime tstart tstop::
1.8       noro       18: * timer::
1.17      ohara      19: * currenttime::
                     20: * sleep::
1.1       noro       21: * heap::
                     22: * version::
                     23: * shell::
                     24: * map::
                     25: * flist::
                     26: * delete_history::
                     27: * get_rootdir::
1.2       noro       28: * getopt::
1.3       noro       29: * getenv::
1.1       noro       30: @end menu
                     31:
1.3       noro       32: \JP @node ctrl,,, $B$=$NB>(B
                     33: \EG @node ctrl,,, Miscellaneouses
1.1       noro       34: @subsection @code{ctrl}
                     35: @findex ctrl
                     36:
                     37: @table @t
                     38: @item ctrl("@var{switch}"[,@var{obj}])
1.3       noro       39: \JP :: $B4D6-@_Dj(B
                     40: \EG :: Sets the value of @var{switch}.
1.1       noro       41: @end table
                     42:
                     43: @table @var
                     44: @item return
1.3       noro       45: \JP $B@_Dj$5$l$F$$$kCM(B
                     46: \EG value of @var{switch}
1.1       noro       47: @item switch
1.3       noro       48: \JP $B%9%$%C%AL>(B
                     49: \EG switch name
1.1       noro       50: @item obj
1.3       noro       51: \JP $B%Q%i%a%?(B
                     52: \EG parameter
1.1       noro       53: @end table
                     54:
                     55: @itemize @bullet
1.3       noro       56: \BJP
1.1       noro       57: @item
                     58: @b{Asir} $B$N<B9T4D6-$N@_DjJQ99(B, $B;2>H$r9T$&(B.
                     59: @item @var{switch} $B$N$_$N>l9g(B, $B$=$N%9%$%C%A$N8=:_$N>uBV$rJV$9(B.
                     60: @item @var{obj} $B$,M?$($i$l$F$$$k$H$-(B, $B$=$NCM$r@_Dj$9$k(B.
                     61: @item
                     62: $B%9%$%C%A$OJ8;zNs$H$7$FF~NO$9$k(B. $B$9$J$o$A%@%V%k%/%)!<%H$G0O$`(B.
                     63: @item
1.3       noro       64: $B%9%$%C%A$O<!$NDL$j(B. $B0J2<$G(B, on $B$O(B 1, off $B$O(B 0 $B$r0UL#$9$k(B.
1.1       noro       65: @table @code
                     66: @item cputime
                     67: on $B$N;~(B CPU time $B$*$h$S(B GC time $B$rI=<((B, off $B$N;~(B $BI=<($7$J$$(B. @code{cputime()}
                     68: $B$r;2>H(B.
                     69: @code{ctrl("cputime",@var{onoff})} $B$O(B @code{cputime(@var{onoff})} $B$HF1$8$G$"$k(B.
                     70: @item nez
                     71: EZGCD $B$N%"%k%4%j%:%`$N@ZBX$((B. $B%G%U%)%k%H$G(B 1 $B$G$"$j(B, $B$H$/$K@ZBX$($kI,MW(B
                     72: $B$O$J$$(B.
                     73: @item echo
                     74: on $B$N;~$OI8=`F~NO$r7+$jJV$7$F=PNO$7(B, off $B$N;~$OI8=`F~NO$r7+$jJV$5$J$$(B.
                     75: @code{output} $B%3%^%s%I$rMQ$$$k:]$KM-8z$G$"$k(B.
                     76: @item bigfloat
                     77: on $B$N;~(B, $BF~NO$5$l$?IbF0>.?t$O(B @b{bigfloat} $B$KJQ49$5$l(B, $BIbF0>.?t1i;;$O(B
1.10      noro       78: @b{PARI} (@ref{pari}) $B$K$h$j9T$o$l$k(B. $B%G%U%)%k%H$NM-8z7e?t$O(B 9 $B7e$G$"$k(B.
1.1       noro       79: $BM-8z7e?t$rA}$d$7$?$$;~$K$O(B @code{setprec()} $B$rMQ$$$k(B.
                     80: off $B$N;~(B, $BF~NO$5$l$?IbF0>.?t$O(B, $BG\@:EYIbF0>.?t$KJQ49$5$l$k(B.
                     81: @cindex PARI
                     82: @item adj
                     83: $B%,!<%Y%C%8%3%l%/%7%g%s$NIQEY$NJQ99(B. 1 $B0J>e$NM-M}?t$,;XDj$G$-$k(B.
                     84: $B%G%U%)%k%HCM$O(B 3. 1 $B$K6a$$Dx(B, $B%,!<%Y%C%8%3%l%/%7%g%s$;$:$K%R!<%W$r(B
                     85: $BBg$-$/$H$k$h$&$K$J$k(B. $B@0?tCM$O%3%^%s%I%i%$%s$G;XDj$G$-$k(B.
                     86: @xref{$B%3%^%s%I%i%$%s%*%W%7%g%s(B}.
                     87: @item verbose
                     88: on $B$N;~(B, $BH!?t$N:FDj5A;~$K%a%C%;!<%8$rI=<($9$k(B.
1.14      ohara      89: @item quiet_mode
1.15      takayama   90: 1 $B$N$H$-(B, $B5/F0;~$KCx:n8"I=<($r9T$o$J$$(B.
                     91: @xref{$B%3%^%s%I%i%$%s%*%W%7%g%s(B}.
                     92: @item prompt
                     93: 0 $B$N$H$-%W%m%s%W%H$rI=<($7$J$$(B. 1 $B$N$H$-I8=`%W%m%s%W%H$rI=<((B.
                     94: C $B%9%?%$%k$N%U%)%^%C%HJ8;zNs$r$b$A$$$k$H%f!<%6Dj5A$N%W%m%s%W%H(B.
                     95: $BNc(B(asirgui $B$G$OIT2D(B):
1.16      ohara      96: @code{ ctrl("prompt","\033[32m[%d]:= \033[0m")}
1.1       noro       97: @item hex
                     98: 1 $B$N$H$-(B, $B@0?t$O(B 0x $B$G;O$^$k(B 16 $B?J?t$H$7$FI=<($5$l$k(B. -1 $B$N$H$-(B, 16 $B?J?t$O(B,
                     99: $B4V$K(B @samp{|} $B$r$O$5$s$G(B 8 $B7e$4$H$K6h@Z$C$FI=<($5$l$k(B.
1.13      noro      100: @item real_digit
                    101: $BG\@:EYIbF0>.?t$NI=<($N7e?t$r;XDj$9$k(B.
                    102: @item double_output
                    103: 1 $B$N$H$-(B, $BG\@:EYIbF0>.?t$O$D$M$K(B ddd.ddd $B$N7A$GI=<($5$l$k(B.
1.6       noro      104: @item fortran_output
                    105: 1 $B$N$H$-(B, $BB?9`<0$NI=<($,(B FORTRAN $B%9%?%$%k$K$J$k(B. $B$9$J$o$AQQ$,(B
                    106: @samp{^} $B$NBe$o$j$K(B @samp{**} $B$GI=$5$l$k(B.
                    107: ($B%G%U%)%k%HCM$O(B 0.)
1.1       noro      108: @item ox_batch
                    109: 1 $B$N$H$-(B, $BAw?.%P%C%U%!$,$$$C$Q$$$K$J$C$?;~$N$_<+F0E*$K(B flush.
                    110: 0 $B$N$H$-(B, $B%G!<%?(B, $B%3%^%s%IAw?.Kh$K(B flush. ($B%G%U%)%k%HCM$O(B 0.)
1.10      noro      111: @xref{$BJ,;67W;;(B}.
1.1       noro      112: @item ox_check
                    113: 1 $B$N$H$-(B, $BAw?.%G!<%?$rAj<j%W%m%;%9$,<u$1<h$l$k$+$I$&$+%A%'%C%/$9$k(B.
                    114: 0 $B$N$H$-$7$J$$(B. ($B%G%U%)%k%HCM$O(B 1.)
1.10      noro      115: @xref{$BJ,;67W;;(B}.
1.5       noro      116: @item ox_exchange_mathcap
                    117: 1 $B$N$H$-(B, OX server $B$H$N@\B33+;O;~$K(B, $B<+F0E*$K(B mathcap $B$N8r49$r9T$&(B.
                    118: ($B%G%U%)%k%HCM$O(B 1.)
1.10      noro      119: @xref{$BJ,;67W;;(B}.
1.1       noro      120: @end table
1.3       noro      121: \E
                    122: \BEG
                    123: @item
                    124: This function is used to set or to get the values of switches.
                    125: The switches are used to control an execution of @b{Asir}.
                    126: @item If @var{obj} is not specified, the value of @var{switch} is returned.
                    127: @item If @var{obj} is specified, the value of @var{switch} is set to
                    128: @var{obj}.
                    129: @item
                    130: Switches are specified by strings, namely, enclosed by two
                    131: double quotes.
                    132: @item
                    133: Here are of switches of @b{Asir}.
                    134: @table @code
                    135: @item cputime
                    136: If `on', CPU time and GC time is displayed at every top level evaluation
                    137: of @b{Asir} command; if `off', not displayed.
                    138: @xref{cputime tstart tstop}.
                    139: (The switch is also set by command @code{cputime(1)}, and
                    140: reset by @code{cputime(0)}.)
                    141: @item nez
                    142: Selection for EZGCD algorithm.  It is set to 1 by default.  Ordinary
                    143: users need not change this setting.
                    144: @item echo
                    145: If `on', inputs from the standard input will be echoed onto the
                    146: standard output.  When executing to load a file, the contents of the
                    147: file will be written onto the standard output.
                    148: If `off', the inputs will not be echoed.
                    149: This command will be useful when used with command @code{output}.
                    150: @item bigfloat
                    151: If `on', floating operations will be done by @b{PARI} system with arbitrary
                    152: precision floating point operations.
                    153: Default precision is set to 9 digits.  To change the precision, use
                    154: command @code{setprec}.
                    155: If `off', floating operations will be done by @b{Asir}'s own floating
                    156: operation routines with a fixed precision operations of
                    157: standard floating double.
                    158: @cindex PARI
                    159: @item adj
                    160: Sets the frequency of garbage collection. A rational number greater
                    161: than or equal to 1 can be specified. The default value is 3.
                    162: If a value closer to 1 is specified, larger heap is allocated
                    163: and as a result, the frequency of garbage collection decreases.
                    164: @xref{Command line options}.
                    165: @item verbose
                    166: If `on' a warning messages is displayed when a function is redefined.
1.14      ohara     167: @item quiet_mode
                    168: If 1 is set, the copyright notice has been displayed at boot time.
1.15      takayama  169: @item prompt
                    170: If the value is 0, then prompt is not output.
                    171: If the value is 1, then the standard prompt is output.
                    172: Asir prompt can be customized by giving a C-style format string.
                    173: Example (for unix asir);
1.16      ohara     174: @code{ ctrl("prompt","\033[32m[%d]:= \033[0m")}
                    175:
1.3       noro      176: @item hex
                    177: If 1 is set, integers are displayed as hexadecimal numbers with prefix
1.13      noro      178: @code{0x}. if -1 is set, hexadecimal numbers are displayed with
1.3       noro      179: @samp{|} inserted at every 8 hexadecimal digits.
1.13      noro      180: @item real_digit
                    181: Sets the number of digits used to print a floating double.
                    182: @item double_output
                    183: If set to 1, any floating double is printed in the style ddd.ddd.
1.6       noro      184: @item fortran_output
                    185: If `on' polynomials are displayed in FORTRAN style. That is, a power
                    186: is represented by @samp{**} instead of @samp{^}.
                    187: The default value is 'off.
1.3       noro      188: @item ox_batch
                    189: If 'on', the OpenXM send buffer is flushed only when the buffer is full.
                    190: If 'off', the buffer is always flushed at each sending of data or command.
                    191: The default value is 'off'.
1.10      noro      192: @xref{Distributed computation}.
1.3       noro      193: @item ox_check
                    194: If 'on' the check by mathcap is done before sending data.
1.5       noro      195: The default value is 'on'.
1.10      noro      196: @xref{Distributed computation}.
1.5       noro      197: @item ox_exchange_mathcap
                    198: If 'on' Asir forces the exchange of mathcaps at the communication startup.
1.3       noro      199: The default value is 'on'.
1.10      noro      200: @xref{Distributed computation}.
1.3       noro      201: @end table
                    202: \E
1.1       noro      203: @end itemize
                    204:
                    205: @table @t
1.3       noro      206: \JP @item $B;2>H(B
                    207: \EG @item References
1.1       noro      208: @fref{cputime tstart tstop}, @fref{output},
1.7       noro      209: @fref{pari}, @fref{setprec}, @fref{eval deval}.
1.1       noro      210: @end table
                    211:
1.3       noro      212: \JP @node debug,,, $B$=$NB>(B
                    213: \EG @node debug,,, Miscellaneouses
1.1       noro      214: @subsection @code{debug}
                    215: @findex debug
                    216:
                    217: @table @t
                    218: @item debug
1.3       noro      219: \JP :: $B%G%P%C%0%b!<%I$KF~$k(B.
                    220: \EG :: Forces to enter into debugging mode.
1.1       noro      221: @end table
                    222:
                    223: @itemize @bullet
1.3       noro      224: \BJP
1.1       noro      225: @item
                    226: @code{debug} $B$OL50z?t$NH!?t$G$"$k$,(B, @samp{()} $B$J$7$G8F$S=P$;$k(B.
                    227: @item
                    228: $B%G%P%C%0%b!<%I$KF~$k$H%W%m%s%W%H$,(B @code{(debug)} $B$H$J$j(B, $B%3%^%s%I(B
                    229: $B<u$1IU$1>uBV$H$J$k(B. @code{quit} $B$rF~NO$9$k$H%G%P%C%,$+$iH4$1$k(B.
                    230: @item
                    231: $B%G%P%C%0%b!<%I$K$D$$$F$N>\:Y$O(B @xref{$B%G%P%C%,(B}.
1.3       noro      232: \E
                    233: \BEG
                    234: Function @code{debug} is a function with no argument.
                    235: It can be called without @samp{()}.
                    236: @item
                    237: In the debug-mode, you are prompted by @code{(debug)} and
                    238: the debugger is ready for commands.
                    239: Typing in @code{quit} (Note! without a semicolon.) brings you
                    240: to exit the debug-mode.
                    241: @item
1.10      noro      242: See @ref{Debugger} for details.
1.3       noro      243: \E
1.1       noro      244: @end itemize
                    245:
                    246: @example
                    247: [1] debug;
                    248: (debug) quit
                    249: 0
                    250: [2]
                    251: @end example
                    252:
1.3       noro      253: \JP @node error,,, $B$=$NB>(B
                    254: \EG @node error,,, Miscellaneouses
1.1       noro      255: @subsection @code{error}
                    256: @findex error
                    257:
                    258: @table @t
                    259: @item error(@var{message})
1.3       noro      260: \JP :: $B%W%m%0%i%`Cf$G6/@)E*$K%(%i!<$rH/@8$5$;$k(B.
                    261: \EG :: Forces @b{Asir} to cause an error and enter debugging mode.
1.1       noro      262: @end table
                    263:
                    264: @table @var
                    265: @item message
1.3       noro      266: \JP $BJ8;zNs(B
                    267: \EG string
1.1       noro      268: @end table
                    269:
                    270: @itemize @bullet
1.3       noro      271: \BJP
1.1       noro      272: @item
                    273: $B0lHL$K(B, $B0z?t$N4V0c$$$J$I(B, $BB39TIT2DG=$J%(%i!<$,AH$_9~$_H!?t$K$*$$$F(B
                    274: $BH/@8$7$?;~(B, $B%H%C%W%l%Y%k$KLa$kA0$K(B, $B2DG=$J$i$P$=$N%(%i!<$N;~E@$G(B
                    275: $B%G%P%C%0%b!<%I$KF~$k(B. @code{error()} $B$O(B, $B%f!<%6H!?t$NFbIt$G$3$N(B
                    276: $BF0:n$HF1MM$NF0:n$r9T$o$;$k$?$a$NH!?t$G$"$k(B.
                    277: @item
                    278: $B0z?t$O(B, @code{error()} $B$,8F$S=P$5$l$k:]$KI=<($5$l$k%a%C%;!<%8$G(B,
                    279: $BJ8;zNs$G$"$k(B.
                    280: @item
                    281: $B%f!<%6H!?t$K$*$$$F(B, $BJQ?t$r%A%'%C%/$7$F(B, $B$"$jF@$J$$CM$N>l9g$K(B @code{error()}
                    282: $B$r8F$S=P$9$h$&$K$7$F$*$1$P(B, $B$=$N;~E@$G<+F0E*$K%G%P%C%0%b!<%I$KF~$l$k(B.
1.3       noro      283: \E
                    284: \BEG
                    285: @item
                    286: When @b{Asir} encounters a serious error such that it finds difficult
                    287: to continue execution,
                    288: it, in general, tries to enter debugging mode before it returns to
                    289: top level.
                    290: The command @code{error()} forces a similar behavior in a user program.
                    291: @item
                    292: The argument is a string which will be displayed when @code{error()}
                    293: will be executed.
                    294: @item
                    295: You can enter the debug-mode when your program encounters an illegal
                    296: value for a program variable, if you have written the program
                    297: so as to call @code{error()} upon finding such an error in your program
                    298: text.
                    299: \E
1.1       noro      300: @end itemize
                    301:
                    302: @example
                    303: % cat mod3
                    304: def mod3(A) @{
                    305:         if ( type(A) >= 2 )
                    306:                 error("invalid argument");
                    307:         else
                    308:                 return A % 3;
                    309: @}
                    310: end$
                    311: % asir
                    312: [0] load("mod3");
                    313: 1
                    314: [3] mod3(5);
                    315: 2
                    316: [4] mod3(x);
                    317: invalid argument
                    318: stopped in mod3 at line 3 in file "./mod3"
                    319: 3                       error("invalid argument");
                    320: (debug) print A
                    321: A = x
                    322: (debug) quit
                    323: return to toplevel
                    324: [4]
                    325: @end example
                    326:
                    327: @table @t
1.3       noro      328: \JP @item $B;2>H(B
                    329: \EG @item References
1.1       noro      330: @fref{debug}.
                    331: @end table
                    332:
1.3       noro      333: \JP @node help,,, $B$=$NB>(B
                    334: \EG @node help,,, Miscellaneouses
1.1       noro      335: @subsection @code{help}
                    336: @findex help
                    337:
                    338: @table @t
                    339: @item help(["@var{function}"])
1.3       noro      340: \JP :: $BH!?t$N@bL@$rI=<($9$k(B.
                    341: \EG :: Displays the description of function @var{function}.
1.1       noro      342: @end table
                    343:
                    344: @table @var
                    345: @item return
                    346: 0
                    347: @item function
1.3       noro      348: \JP $BH!?tL>(B
                    349: \EG function name
1.1       noro      350: @end table
                    351:
                    352: @itemize @bullet
1.3       noro      353: \BJP
1.1       noro      354: @item
                    355: $BL50z?t$N;~(B, $B:G>.8B$N@bL@$,I=<($5$l$k(B. $BH!?tL>$,0z?t$H$7$FM?$($i$l$?(B
                    356: $B$H$-(B, $BI8=`%i%$%V%i%j%G%#%l%/%H%j$K$"$k(B @samp{help} $B$H$$$&%G%#%l%/%H%j(B
                    357: $B$KF1L>$N%U%!%$%k$,$"$l$P(B, $B4D6-JQ?t(B @code{PAGER} $B$K@_Dj$5$l$F$$$k%3%^%s%I(B,
                    358: $B$"$k$$$O(B @samp{more} $B$r8F$S=P$7$F$=$N%U%!%$%k$rI=<($9$k(B.
                    359: @item
1.4       noro      360: $B4D6-JQ?t(B @code{LANG} $B$,@_Dj$5$l$F$$$k>l9g(B, $B$=$NCM$,(B @code{"japan"} $B$^$?$O(B
1.19    ! ohara     361: @code{"ja_JP"} $B$G;O$^$k$J$i(B, @samp{help} $B$NBe$o$j$K(B @samp{help-ja}
        !           362: $B$K$"$k%U%!%$%k$,I=<($5$l$k(B. $B$=$&$G$J$$>l9g(B, @samp{help-en}
1.4       noro      363: $B$K$"$k%U%!%$%k$,I=<($5$l$k(B.
                    364: @item
1.1       noro      365: Windows $BHG$G$O(B, $B%3%^%s%I%i%$%s$+$i$N%X%k%W8F$S=P$7$OL$%5%]!<%H$@$,(B,
                    366: $B%a%K%e!<$+$i(B HTML $B7A<0$N$b$N$r8F$S=P$7MQ$$$k$3$H$,$G$-$k(B.
1.3       noro      367: \E
                    368: \BEG
                    369: @item
                    370: If invoked without argument, it displays rough usage of @b{Asir}.
                    371: @item
                    372: If a function name is given and if there exists a file with the
                    373: same name in the directory @samp{help} under standard library directory,
                    374: the file is displayed by a command set to the environmental variable
                    375: @code{PAGER} or else command @samp{more}.
1.4       noro      376: @item
                    377: If the @code{LANG} environment variable is set and its value
                    378: begins with @code{"japan"} or @code{"ja_JP"}, then the file in
1.19    ! ohara     379: @samp{help-ja} is displayed. If its value does not begin with
        !           380: @code{"japan"} or @code{"ja_JP"}, then the file in @samp{help-en}
1.4       noro      381: is displayed.
1.3       noro      382: @item
                    383: On Windows HTML-style help is available from the menu.
                    384: \E
1.1       noro      385: @end itemize
                    386:
1.3       noro      387: \JP @node time,,, $B$=$NB>(B
                    388: \EG @node time,,, Miscellaneouses
1.1       noro      389: @subsection @code{time}
                    390: @findex time
                    391:
                    392: @table @t
                    393: @item time()
1.3       noro      394: \JP :: $B%;%C%7%g%s3+;O$+$i8=:_$^$G$N(B CPU $B;~4V$*$h$S(B GC $B;~4V$rI=<($9$k(B
                    395: \BEG
                    396: :: Returns a four element list consisting of
                    397: total CPU time, GC time, the elapsed time
                    398: and also total memory quantities requested
                    399: from the start of current @b{Asir} session.
                    400: \E
1.1       noro      401: @end table
                    402:
                    403: @table @var
                    404: @item return
1.3       noro      405: \JP $B%j%9%H(B
                    406: \EG list
1.1       noro      407: @end table
                    408:
                    409: @itemize @bullet
1.3       noro      410: \BJP
1.1       noro      411: @item
                    412: CPU $B;~4V$*$h$S(B GC $B;~4V$NI=<($K4X$9$k%3%^%s%I$G$"$k(B.
                    413: @item
                    414: GC $B;~4V$H$O(B, $B%,!<%Y%8%3%l%/%?$K$h$j>CHq$5$l$?$H8+$J$5$l$k;~4V(B,
                    415: CPU $B;~4V$O(B, $BA4BN$N(B CPU $B;~4V$+$i(B GC $B;~4V$r0z$$$?;D$j$G(B, $BC10L$OIC$G$"$k(B.
                    416: @item
                    417: @code{time()} $B$O0z?t$J$7$G(B, $B%;%C%7%g%s3+;O$+$i8=:_$^$G$N(B CPU $B;~4V(B,
                    418: GC $B;~4V(B, $B8=:_$^$G$KMW5a$5$l$?%a%b%j$N$N$YMFNL(B, $B$*$h$S%;%C%7%g%s3+;O$+$i(B
                    419: $B8=:_$^$G$N7P2a;~4V$NI=<($r$9$k(B.
                    420: $B$9$J$o$A(B, @code{[CPU $B;~4V(B ($BIC(B), GC $B;~4V(B ($BIC(B), $B%a%b%jNL(B ($B%o!<%I(B), $B7P2a;~4V(B ($BIC(B)]}
                    421: $B$J$k%j%9%H$rJV$9(B. 1 $B%o!<%I$ODL>o(B 4 $B%P%$%H$G$"$k(B.
                    422: @item
                    423: $B7W;;$N<B9T3+;O;~(B, $B=*N;;~$N(B @code{time()} $B$+$i(B, $B$=$N7W;;$KBP$9$k(B
                    424: CPU $B;~4V(B, GC $B;~4V$,$o$+$k(B.
                    425: @item
                    426: $B%a%b%jNL$OB?G\D9?t$G$O$J$$$?$a(B, $B$"$kCM$r1[$($k$HL50UL#$JCM$H$J$k$?$a(B
                    427: $B$"$/$^$G$bL\0B$H$7$FMQ$$$k$Y$-$G$"$k(B.
                    428: @item
                    429: @code{ctrl()} $B$d(B @code{cputime()} $B$K$h$j(B @code{cputime} $B%9%$%C%A$,(B
                    430: on $B$K$J$C$F$$$k>l9g$K$O(B, $B%H%C%W%l%Y%k$NJ8$r0l$D$NC10L$H$7$F(B,
                    431: $B$=$N<B9T;~4V$,I=<($5$l$k(B. $B$7$+$7(B, $B%W%m%0%i%`$NFbIt$J$I$G(B, $BFCDj$N(B
                    432: $B7W;;$KBP$9$k7W;;;~4V$rCN$j$?$$;~$K$O(B, @code{time()} $B$J$I$r;H$&(B
                    433: $BI,MW$,$"$k(B.
                    434: @item
                    435: @code{getrusage()} $B$,;H$($k(B UNIX $B>e$G$O(B @code{time()} $B$O?.Mj@-$N$"$kCM(B
                    436: $B$rJV$9$,(B, Windows 95, 98 $B>e$G$O;~9o$rMQ$$$k$[$+J}K!$,$J$$$?$a7P2a;~4V$=$N$b$N(B
                    437: $B$,I=<($5$l$k(B. $B$h$C$F(B, $BBT$A>uBV$,$"$k$H(B, $B$=$l$b7P2a;~4V$K2C;;$5$l$k(B.
1.3       noro      438: \E
                    439: \BEG
                    440: @item
                    441: These are commands regarding CPU time and GC time.
                    442: @item
                    443: The GC time is the time regarded to spent by the garbage collector,
                    444: and the CPU time is the time defined by subtracting the GC time from
                    445: the total time consumed by command @b{Asir}.  Their unit is `second.'
                    446: @item
                    447: Command @code{time()} returns total CPU time and GC time measured
                    448: from the start of current @b{Asir} session. It also returns the elapsed
                    449: time. Time unit is `second.'
                    450: Moreover, it returns total memory quantities in words
                    451: (usually 4 bytes) which are requested
                    452: to the memory manager from the beginning of the current session.
                    453: The return value is a list and the format is @code{[CPU time, GC time,
                    454: Memory, Elapsed time]}.
                    455: @item
                    456: You can find the CPU time and GC time for some computation by taking
                    457: the difference of the figure reported by @code{time()} at the beginning
                    458: and the ending of the computation.
                    459: @item
                    460: Since arbitrary precision integers are NOT used for counting
                    461: the total amount of memory request, the number will eventually happen
                    462: to become meaningless due to integer overflow.
                    463: @item
                    464: When @code{cputime} switch is active by @code{ctrl()} or by
                    465: @code{cputime()}, the execution time will be displayed after every
                    466: evaluation of top level statement.
                    467: In a program, however, in order to know the execution time for a
                    468: sequence of computations, you have to use @code{time()} command, for
                    469: an example.
                    470: @item
                    471: On UNIX, if @code{getrusage()} is available, @code{time()} reports
                    472: reliable figures. On Windows NT it also gives reliable CPU time.
                    473: However, on Windows 95/98, the reported time is nothing but
                    474: the elapsed time of the real world.
                    475: Therefore, the time elapsed in the debug-mode and the time of waiting
                    476: for a reply to interruption prompting are added to the elapsed time.
                    477: \E
1.1       noro      478: @end itemize
                    479:
                    480: @example
                    481: [72] T0=time();
                    482: [2.390885,0.484358,46560,9.157768]
                    483: [73] G=hgr(katsura(4),[u4,u3,u2,u1,u0],2)$
                    484: [74] T1=time();
                    485: [8.968048,7.705907,1514833,63.359717]
                    486: [75] ["CPU",T1[0]-T0[0],"GC",T1[1]-T0[1]];
                    487: [CPU,6.577163,GC,7.221549]
                    488: @end example
                    489:
                    490: @table @t
1.3       noro      491: \JP @item $B;2>H(B
                    492: \EG @item References
1.17      ohara     493: @fref{cputime tstart tstop}, @fref{currenttime}.
1.1       noro      494: @end table
                    495:
1.3       noro      496: \JP @node cputime tstart tstop,,, $B$=$NB>(B
                    497: \EG @node cputime tstart tstop,,, Miscellaneouses
1.1       noro      498: @subsection @code{cputime}, @code{tstart}, @code{tstop}
                    499: @findex cputime
                    500: @findex tstart
                    501: @findex tstop
                    502:
                    503: @table @t
                    504: @item cputime(@var{onoff})
1.3       noro      505: \JP :: $B0z?t$,(B 0 $B$J$i$P(B @code{cputime} $B$NI=<($r;_$a$k(B. $B$=$l0J30$J$i$PI=<($r9T$&(B.
                    506: \BEG
                    507: :: Stop displaying @code{cputime} if its argument is 0, otherwise
                    508: start displaying @code{cputime} after every top level evaluation of
                    509: Asir command.
                    510: \E
1.1       noro      511: @item tstart()
1.3       noro      512: \JP :: CPU time $B7WB,3+;O(B.
                    513: \EG :: Resets and starts timer for CPU time and GC time.
1.1       noro      514: @item tstop()
1.3       noro      515: \JP :: CPU time $B7WB,=*N;$*$h$SI=<((B.
                    516: \BEG
                    517: :: Stops timer and then displays CPU time GC time elapsed from the
                    518: last time when timer was started.
                    519: \E
1.1       noro      520: @end table
                    521:
                    522: @table @var
                    523: @item return
                    524: 0
                    525: @item onoff
1.3       noro      526: \JP $B%U%i%0(B ($BG$0U(B)
                    527: \EG flag (arbitrary)
1.1       noro      528: @end table
                    529:
                    530: @itemize @bullet
1.3       noro      531: \BJP
1.1       noro      532: @item
                    533: @code{cputime()} $B$O(B, $B0z?t$,(B 0 $B$J$i$P(B CPU time $B$NI=<($r;_$a$k(B. $B$=$l0J30$J$i$PI=<($r9T$&(B.
                    534: @item
                    535: @code{tsart} $B$O0z?t$J$7(B, @samp{()} $B$J$7$G(B, CPU time $B7WB,$r3+;O$9$k(B.
                    536: @item
                    537: @code{tstop} $B$O0z?t$J$7(B, @samp{()} $B$J$7$G(B, CPU time $B7WB,$r=*N;(B,
                    538: $B$*$h$SI=<($9$k(B.
                    539: @item
                    540: @code{cputime(@var{onoff})} $B$O(B @code{ctrl("cputime",@var{onoff})} $B$HF1$8$G$"$k(B.
                    541: @item
                    542: @code{tstart}, @code{tstop} $B$O(B, $BF~$l;R$K$7$F;H$o$l$k$3$H$OA[Dj$7$F$$$J$$(B
                    543: $B$?$a(B, $B$=$N$h$&$J2DG=@-$,$"$k>l9g$K$O(B, @code{time()} $B$K$h$k7WB,$r9T$&(B
                    544: $BI,MW$,$"$k(B.
                    545: @item
                    546: @code{cputime()} $B$K$h$k(B on, off $B$O(B, $BC1$KI=<($N(B on, off $B$G$"$j(B, $B%H%C%W%l%Y%k(B
                    547: $B$N0l$D$NJ8$KBP$9$k7WB,$O>o$K9T$o$l$F$$$k(B. $B$h$C$F(B, $B7W;;$r;O$a$F$+$i$G$b(B,
                    548: $B7W;;=*N;A0$K%G%P%C%,$KF~$C$F(B @code{cputime(1)} $B$r<B9T$5$;$l$P7W;;;~4V$O(B
                    549: $BI=<($5$l$k(B.
1.3       noro      550: \E
                    551: \BEG
                    552: @item
                    553: Command @code{cputime()} with NON-ZERO argument enables @b{Asir} to display
                    554: CPU time and GC time after every evaluation of top level @b{Asir} command.
                    555: The command with argument 0 disables displaying them.
                    556: @item
                    557: Command @code{tstart()} starts measuring CPU time and GC time without
                    558: arguments.  The parentheses @samp{()} may be omitted.
                    559: @item
                    560: Command @code{tstop()} stops measuring CPU time and GC time and displays
                    561: them without arguments. The parentheses @samp{()} may be omitted.
                    562: @item
                    563: Command @code{cputime(@var{onoff})} has same meaning as
                    564: @code{ctrl("cputime",@var{onoff})}.
                    565: @item
                    566: Nested use of @code{tstart()} and @code{tstop()} is not expected.
                    567: If such an effect is desired, use @code{time()}.
                    568: @item
                    569: On and off states by @code{cputime()} have effects only to displaying
                    570: mode.  Time for evaluation of every top level statement is always
                    571: measured.
                    572: Therefore, even after a computation has already started,
                    573: you can let @b{Asir} display the timings, whenever you enter
                    574: the debug-mode and execute @code{cputime(1)}.
                    575: \E
1.1       noro      576: @end itemize
                    577:
                    578: @example
                    579: [49] tstart$
                    580: [50] fctr(x^10-y^10);
                    581: [[1,1],[x+y,1],[x^4-y*x^3+y^2*x^2-y^3*x+y^4,1],[x-y,1],
                    582: [x^4+y*x^3+y^2*x^2+y^3*x+y^4,1]]
                    583: [51] tstop$
                    584: 80msec + gc : 40msec
                    585: @end example
                    586:
                    587: @table @t
1.3       noro      588: \JP @item $B;2>H(B
                    589: \EG @item References
1.17      ohara     590: @fref{time}, @fref{currenttime}, @fref{ctrl}.
1.1       noro      591: @end table
1.8       noro      592:
                    593: \JP @node timer,,, $B$=$NB>(B
                    594: \EG @node timer,,, Miscellaneouses
                    595: @subsection @code{timer}
                    596: @findex timer
                    597:
                    598: @table @t
                    599: @item timer(@var{interval},@var{expr},@var{val})
                    600: \JP :: $B@)8B;~4V$D$-$G7W;;$r<B9T$9$k(B.
1.17      ohara     601: \EG :: Compute an expression under the interval timer.
1.8       noro      602: @end table
                    603:
                    604: @table @var
                    605: @item return
                    606: \JP $B7k2L(B
                    607: \EG result
                    608:
                    609: @item interval
                    610: \JP $B@)8B;~4V(B ($BIC(B)
                    611: \EG interval (second)
                    612:
                    613: @item expr
                    614: \JP $B7W;;$9$k<0(B
                    615: \EG expression to be computed
                    616:
                    617: @item val
                    618: \JP $B%?%$%^$K$h$kCfCG;~$NLa$jCM(B
                    619: \EG a value to be returned when the timer is expired
                    620: @end table
                    621:
                    622: @itemize @bullet
                    623:
                    624: \BJP
                    625: @item
                    626: @code{timer()} $B$O(B, $B;~4V$r;XDj$7$F7W;;$r<B9T$9$k(B. $B;XDj;~4VFb$K7W;;$,40N;(B
                    627: $B$7$?>l9g$=$NCM$rJV$9(B. $B;XDj;~4VFb$K7W;;$,40N;$7$J$+$C$?>l9g(B, $BBh(B 3 $B0z?t(B
                    628: $B$rJV$9(B.
                    629:
                    630: @item
                    631: $BBh(B 3 $B0z?t$NCM$O(B, $B7W;;$,40N;$7$?>l9g$NCM$H6hJL$G$-$kI,MW$,$"$k(B.
                    632: \E
                    633:
                    634: \BEG
                    635: @item
                    636: @code{timer()} computes an expression under the interval timer.
                    637: If the computation finishes within the specified interval, it
                    638: returns the result of the computation. Otherwise it returns the third
                    639: argument.
                    640:
                    641: @item
                    642: The third argument should be distinguishable from the result on success.
                    643: \E
                    644:
                    645: @end itemize
                    646:
                    647: @example
                    648: [0] load("cyclic");
                    649: 1
                    650: [10] timer(10,dp_gr_main(cyclic(7),[c0,c1,c2,c3,c4,c5,c6],1,1,0),0);
                    651: interval timer expired (VTALRM)
                    652: 0
                    653: [11]
                    654: @end example
1.1       noro      655:
1.17      ohara     656: \JP @node currenttime,,, $B$=$NB>(B
                    657: \EG @node currenttime,,, Miscellaneouses
                    658: @subsection @code{currenttime}
                    659: @findex currenttime
                    660:
                    661: @table @t
                    662: @item currenttime()
                    663: \JP :: $B8=:_;~9o$r<hF@(B
                    664: \EG :: Get current time.
                    665: @end table
                    666:
                    667: @table @var
                    668: @item return
                    669: \JP 1970$BG/(B1$B7n(B1$BF|(B0$B;~(B0$BJ,(B0$BIC$+$i$N7P2aIC?t(B.
                    670: \EG UNIX time.
                    671: @end table
                    672:
                    673: @itemize @bullet
                    674:
                    675: @item
                    676: \JP @code{currenttime()} $B$O8=:_;~9o$rJV$9(B.  UNIX $B$N>l9g(B, time(3) $B$r8F$s$G$$$k$@$1$G$"$k(B.
                    677: \EG See also time(3) in UNIX manuals.
                    678:
                    679: @end itemize
                    680:
                    681: @example
                    682: [0] currenttime();
                    683: 1071639228
                    684: [1]
                    685: @end example
                    686:
                    687: \JP @node sleep,,, $B$=$NB>(B
                    688: \EG @node sleep,,, Miscellaneouses
                    689: @subsection @code{sleep}
                    690: @findex sleep
                    691:
                    692: @table @t
                    693: @item sleep(@var{interval})
                    694: \JP :: $B%W%m%;%9$N<B9T$rDd;_(B
                    695: \EG :: Suspend computation for an interval.
                    696: @end table
                    697:
                    698: @table @var
                    699: @item return
                    700: 1
                    701:
                    702: @item interval
                    703: \JP $BDd;_;~4V(B ($B%^%$%/%mIC(B)
                    704: \EG interval (micro second)
                    705: @end table
                    706:
                    707: @itemize @bullet
                    708:
                    709: @item
                    710: \JP @code{sleep()} $B$O(B, $B%W%m%;%9$N<B9T$rDd;_$9$k(B.  UNIX $B$N>l9g(B, usleep $B$r8F$s$G$$$k$@$1$G$"$k(B.
                    711: \EG See also usleep(3) in UNIX manuals.
                    712:
                    713: @end itemize
                    714:
                    715: @example
                    716: [0] sleep(1000);
                    717: 1
                    718: [1]
                    719: @end example
                    720:
1.3       noro      721: \JP @node heap,,, $B$=$NB>(B
                    722: \EG @node heap,,, Miscellaneouses
1.1       noro      723: @subsection @code{heap}
                    724: @findex heap
                    725:
                    726: @table @t
                    727: @item heap()
1.3       noro      728: \JP :: $B8=:_$N%R!<%W$NBg$-$5$rJV$9(B. ($BC10L(B:$B%P%$%H(B)
                    729: \EG :: Heap area size currently in use.
1.1       noro      730: @end table
                    731:
                    732: @table @var
                    733: @item return
1.3       noro      734: \JP $B<+A3?t(B
                    735: \EG non-negative integer
1.1       noro      736: @end table
                    737:
                    738: @itemize @bullet
1.3       noro      739: \BJP
1.1       noro      740: @item
                    741: $B8=:_$N%R!<%W$NBg$-$5(B($BC10L(B : $B%P%$%H(B) $B$rJV$9(B. $B%R!<%W$H$O(B, @b{Asir} $B$N(B
                    742: $B$5$^$6$^$J?t<0$d(B, $B%f!<%6%W%m%0%i%`$J$I$,$*$+$l$k%a%b%j$NNN0h$G(B, $B%,!<%Y%8(B
                    743: $B%3%l%/%?$K$h$j4IM}$5$l$F$$$k(B. $B%W%m%0%i%`$NF0:nCf$O(B, $B%R!<%W$NBg$-$5$O(B
                    744: $BC1D4Hs8:>/$G$"$j(B, $B<B%a%b%j$NNL$r$3$($FBg$-$/$J$C$?>l9g$K$O(B, OS $B$K$h$k(B
                    745: $B%9%o%C%W%(%j%"$X$NFI$_=q$-$,$[$H$s$I$N7W;;;~4V$r@j$a$k$3$H$K$J$k(B.
                    746: @item
                    747: $B<B%a%b%j$,>/$J$$>l9g$K$O(B, $B5/F0;~$N(B @code{-adj} $B%*%W%7%g%s$K$h$j(B,
                    748: GC $B<gBN$N@_Dj$r9T$C$F$*$/I,MW$,$"$k(B.
1.3       noro      749: \E
                    750: \BEG
                    751: @item
                    752: Command @code{heap()} returns an integer which is the byte size
                    753: of current @b{Asir} heap area.
                    754:
                    755: Heap is a memory area where various data for expressions and
                    756: user programs of @b{Asir} and is managed by the garbage collector.
                    757: While @b{Asir} is running, size of the heap is monotonously
                    758: non-decreasing against the time elapsed.  If it happens to exceed the
                    759: real memory size, most (real world) time is consumed for swapping between
                    760: real memory and disk memory.
                    761: @item
                    762: For a platform with little real memory, it is recommended to set up
                    763: @b{Asir} configuration tuned for GC functions by @code{-adj} option
                    764: at the activation of @b{Asir}. (@xref{Command line options}.)
                    765: \E
1.1       noro      766: @end itemize
                    767:
                    768: @example
                    769: % asir -adj 16
                    770: [0] load("fctrdata")$
                    771: 0
                    772: [97] cputime(1)$
                    773: 0msec
                    774: [98] heap();
                    775: 524288
                    776: 0msec
                    777: [99] fctr(Wang[8])$
                    778: 3.190sec + gc : 3.420sec
                    779: [100] heap();
                    780: 1118208
                    781: 0msec
                    782: [101] quit;
                    783: % asir
                    784: [0] load("fctrdata")$
                    785: 0
                    786: [97] cputime(1)$
                    787: 0msec
                    788: [98] heap();
                    789: 827392
                    790: 0msec
                    791: [99] fctr(Wang[8])$
                    792: 3.000sec + gc : 1.180sec
                    793: [100] heap();
                    794: 1626112
                    795: 0msec
                    796: [101] quit;
                    797: @end example
                    798:
                    799: @table @t
1.3       noro      800: \JP @item $B;2>H(B
                    801: \EG @item References
                    802: \JP @fref{$B%3%^%s%I%i%$%s%*%W%7%g%s(B}.
                    803: \EG @fref{Command line options}.
1.1       noro      804: @end table
                    805:
1.3       noro      806: \JP @node version,,, $B$=$NB>(B
                    807: \EG @node version,,, Miscellaneouses
1.1       noro      808: @subsection @code{version}
                    809: @findex version
                    810:
                    811: @table @t
                    812: @item version()
1.3       noro      813: \JP :: @b{Asir} $B$N%P!<%8%g%s$rJV$9(B.
                    814: \EG :: Version identification number of  @b{Asir}.
1.1       noro      815: @end table
                    816:
                    817: @table @var
                    818: @item return
1.3       noro      819: \JP $B<+A3?t(B
                    820: \EG integer
1.1       noro      821: @end table
                    822:
                    823: @itemize @bullet
1.3       noro      824: \BJP
1.1       noro      825: @item
1.3       noro      826: @b{Asir} $B$N%P!<%8%g%s$r<+A3?t$GJV$9(B.
                    827: \E
                    828: \BEG
1.17      ohara     829: @item
                    830: Command @code{version()} returns the version identification number,
                    831: an integer of @b{Asir} in use.
1.3       noro      832: \E
1.1       noro      833: @end itemize
                    834:
                    835: @example
                    836: [0] version();
1.3       noro      837: 991214
1.1       noro      838: @end example
                    839:
1.3       noro      840: \JP @node shell,,, $B$=$NB>(B
                    841: \EG @node shell,,, Miscellaneouses
1.1       noro      842: @subsection @code{shell}
                    843: @findex shell
                    844:
                    845: @table @t
                    846: @item shell(@var{command})
1.3       noro      847: \JP :: @var{command} $B$r%7%'%k%3%^%s%I$H$7$F<B9T$9$k(B.
                    848: \EG :: Execute shell commands described by a string @var{command}.
1.1       noro      849: @end table
                    850:
                    851: @table @var
                    852: @item return
1.3       noro      853: \JP $B<+A3?t(B
                    854: \EG integer
1.1       noro      855: @item command
1.3       noro      856: \JP $BJ8;zNs(B
                    857: \EG string
1.1       noro      858: @end table
                    859:
                    860: @itemize @bullet
1.3       noro      861: \BJP
1.1       noro      862: @item
                    863: @var{command} $B$r(B C $B$N(B @code{system()} $BH!?t$K$h$j%7%'%k%3%^%s%I$H$7$F<B9T$9$k(B.
                    864: $B%7%'%k$N=*N;%9%F!<%?%9$rJV$9(B.
1.3       noro      865: \E
                    866: \BEG
                    867: Execute shell commands described by a string @var{command}
                    868: by a C function @code{system()}.  This returns the exit status of shell
                    869: as its return value.
                    870: \E
1.1       noro      871: @end itemize
                    872:
                    873: @example
                    874: [0] shell("ls");
1.12      noro      875: alg           da            katsura       ralg          suit
                    876: algt          defs.h        kimura        ratint        test
                    877: alpi          edet          kimura3       robot         texput.log
                    878: asir.o        fee           mfee          sasa          wang
                    879: asir_symtab   gr            mksym         shira         wang_data
                    880: base          gr.h          mp            snf1          wt
                    881: bgk           help          msubst        solve
                    882: chou          hom           p             sp
                    883: const         ifplot        proot         strum
                    884: cyclic        is            r             sugar
1.1       noro      885: 0
                    886: [1]
                    887: @end example
                    888:
1.3       noro      889: \JP @node map,,, $B$=$NB>(B
                    890: \EG @node map,,, Miscellaneouses
1.1       noro      891: @subsection @code{map}
                    892: @findex map
                    893:
                    894: @table @t
                    895: @item map(@var{function},@var{arg0},@var{arg1},...)
1.3       noro      896: \JP :: $B%j%9%H(B, $BG[Ns$N3FMWAG$KH!?t$rE,MQ$9$k(B.
                    897: \EG :: Applies a function to each member of a list or an array.
1.1       noro      898: @end table
                    899:
                    900: @table @var
                    901: @item return
1.3       noro      902: \JP @var{arg0} $B$HF1$87?$N%*%V%8%'%/%H(B
                    903: \EG an object of the same type as @var{arg0}.
1.1       noro      904: @item function
1.3       noro      905: \JP $BH!?tL>(B
                    906: \EG the name of a function
1.1       noro      907: @item arg0
1.3       noro      908: \JP $B%j%9%H(B, $B%Y%/%H%k(B, $B9TNs(B
                    909: \EG list, vector or matrix
1.11      noro      910: @item arg1  ...
1.3       noro      911: \JP $BG$0U(B ($B;D$j$N0z?t(B)
                    912: \EG arbitrary (the rest of arguments)
1.1       noro      913: @end table
                    914:
                    915: @itemize @bullet
1.3       noro      916: \BJP
1.1       noro      917: @item
                    918: @var{arg0} $B$N3FMWAG$r:G=i$N0z?t(B, @var{arg1} $B0J2<$N;D$j$N0z?t$H$7$F(B
                    919: $BH!?t(B @var{function} $B$r8F$S=P$7(B, @var{arg0} $B$NBP1~$9$kMWAG$N0LCV$K(B
                    920: $BH!?t8F$S=P$7$N7k2L$,F~$C$?F1$87?$N%*%V%8%'%/%H$r@8@.$7$FJV$9(B.
                    921: @item
                    922: @var{function} $B$O(B, $B%@%V%k%/%)!<%H$N$J$$H!?tL>$rMQ$$$k(B.
                    923: @item
                    924: @var{function} $B$K%W%m%0%i%`JQ?t$O;H$($J$$(B.
                    925: @item
                    926: @var{arg0} $B$,%j%9%H(B, $B%Y%/%H%k(B, $B9TNs0J30$N>l9g(B, $BC1$K(B @var{arg0},
                    927: @var{arg1}, ... $B$r0z?t$H$7$F(B @var{function} $B$r8F$S=P$7$=$N(B
                    928: $B7k2L$rJV$9(B.
1.17      ohara     929: @item
                    930: @code{map} $B$N0z?t(B @var{function} $B$GM?$($i$l$kH!?t$O(B, $BFbItE*$K$bH!?t$H(B
                    931: $B$7$F<BAu$5$l$F$$$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$(B.  $B$=$&$G$J$1$l$P(B parse error $B$K$J$k(B.
1.18      ohara     932: $BNc$($P(B @code{map} $B<+?H$d(B @code{car}, @code{cdr} $B$J$I$OFbItE*$K$OH!?t$G(B
                    933: $B$O$J$/(B, Asir $B$NJ8K!$K$*$1$k%-!<%o!<%I$H$7$F<BAu$5$l$F$$$k(B.  $B$7$?$,$C$F(B
                    934: @code{map} $B$N0z?t$K(B @code{map} $B$r$H$k$3$H$O$G$-$J$$(B.
1.3       noro      935: \E
                    936: \BEG
                    937: @item
                    938: Returns an object of the same type as @var{arg0}. Each member of the
                    939: returned object is the return value of a function call where the first
                    940: argument is the member of @var{arg0} corresponding to the member in
                    941: the returned object and the rest of the argument are @var{arg1},
                    942: @dots{}.
                    943: @item
                    944: @var{function} is a function name itself without @samp{"}.
                    945: @item
                    946: A program variable cannot be used as @var{function}.
                    947: @item
                    948: If @var{arg0} is neither list nor array this function simply
                    949: returns the value of @var{function}(@var{arg0},@var{arg1},@dots{}).
                    950: \E
1.1       noro      951: @end itemize
                    952:
                    953: @example
                    954: [82] def afo(X) @{ return X^3; @}
                    955: [83] map(afo,[1,2,3]);
                    956: [1,8,27]
                    957: @end example
                    958:
1.3       noro      959: \JP @node flist,,, $B$=$NB>(B
                    960: \EG @node flist,,, Miscellaneouses
1.1       noro      961: @subsection @code{flist}
                    962: @findex flist
                    963:
                    964: @table @t
                    965: @item flist()
1.3       noro      966: \JP :: $B8=:_Dj5A$5$l$F$$$kH!?tL>$rJ8;zNs%j%9%H$H$7$FJV$9(B.
                    967: \EG :: Returns the list of function names currently defined.
1.1       noro      968: @end table
                    969:
                    970: @table @var
                    971: @item return
1.3       noro      972: \JP $BJ8;zNs$N%j%9%H(B
                    973: \EG list of character strings
1.1       noro      974: @end table
                    975:
                    976: @itemize @bullet
1.3       noro      977: \BJP
1.1       noro      978: @item
                    979: $B8=:_Dj5A$5$l$F$$$kAH$_9~$_H!?t(B, $B%f!<%6Dj5AH!?t$NH!?tL>$rJ8;zNs%j%9%H(B
                    980: $B$H$7$FJV$9(B.
                    981: @item
                    982: $B%7%9%F%`H!?t$N8e$K%f!<%6Dj5AH!?t$,B3$/(B.
1.3       noro      983: \E
                    984: \BEG
                    985: @item
                    986: Returns the list of names of built-in functions and user defined functions
                    987: currently defined. The return value is a list of character strings.
                    988: @item
                    989: The names of built-in functions are followed by those of user defined
                    990: functions.
                    991: \E
1.1       noro      992: @end itemize
                    993:
                    994: @example
                    995: [77] flist();
                    996: [defpoly,newalg,mainalg,algtorat,rattoalg,getalg,alg,algv,...]
                    997: @end example
                    998:
1.3       noro      999: \JP @node delete_history,,, $B$=$NB>(B
                   1000: \EG @node delete_history,,, Miscellaneouses
1.1       noro     1001: @subsection @code{delete_history}
                   1002: @findex delete_history
                   1003:
                   1004: @table @t
                   1005: @item delete_history([@var{index}])
1.3       noro     1006: \JP :: $B%R%9%H%j$r>C5n$9$k(B.
                   1007: \EG :: Deletes the history.
1.1       noro     1008: @end table
                   1009:
                   1010: @table @var
                   1011: @item return
                   1012: 0
                   1013: @item index
1.3       noro     1014: \JP $B>C5n$7$?$$%R%9%H%j$NHV9f(B
                   1015: \EG Index of history to be deleted.
1.1       noro     1016: @end table
                   1017:
                   1018: @itemize @bullet
1.3       noro     1019: \BJP
1.1       noro     1020: @item
                   1021: $B0z?t$,$J$$$H$-(B, $B$3$l$^$G7W;;$7$?%R%9%H%j$rA4$F>C5n$9$k(B.
                   1022: @item
                   1023: $B0z?t$,$"$k$H$-(B, $B$=$NHV9f$N7k2L$N$_>C5n$9$k(B.
                   1024: @item
                   1025: $B$3$3$G%R%9%H%j$H$O(B, $BHV9f$D$-$N%W%m%s%W%H$KBP$7$F$NF~NO$rI>2A$7$FF@$i$l$?<0(B
                   1026: $B$G(B, $B$3$N<0$O(B @code{@@@var{number}} $B$K$h$j<h$j=P$9$3$H$,$G$-$k(B. $B$3$N$3$H$O(B,
                   1027: $B%,!<%Y%C%8%3%l%/%7%g%s$N:]$K$b$3$N<0$,@8$-;D$k$3$H$r0UL#$9$k(B.
                   1028: @item
                   1029: $BBg$-$J<0$,%R%9%H%j$H$7$F;D$C$?>l9g(B, $B0J9_$N%a%b%j4IM}$K;Y>c$rMh$9>l9g$,B?$$(B
                   1030: $B$?$a(B, @code{bsave()} $B$J$I$G%U%!%$%k$K%;!<%V$7$F(B, @code{delete_history()}
                   1031: $B$K$h$j%R%9%H%j$r>C5n$7$F$*$/$N$,M-8z$G$"$k(B.
1.3       noro     1032: \E
                   1033: \BEG
                   1034: @item
                   1035: Deletes all the histories without an argument.
                   1036: @item
                   1037: Deletes the history with index @var{index} if specified.
                   1038: @item
                   1039: A history is an expression which has been obtained by evaluating an input
                   1040: given for a prompt with an index. It can be taken out by @code{@@@var{index}},
                   1041: which means that the expression survives garbage collections.
                   1042: @item
                   1043: A large history may do harm in the subsequent memory management and
                   1044: deleting the history by @code{delete_history()}, after saving it in a file
                   1045: by @code{bsave()}, is often effective.
                   1046: \E
1.1       noro     1047: @end itemize
                   1048:
                   1049: @example
                   1050: [0] (x+y+z)^100$
                   1051: [1] @@0;
                   1052: ...
                   1053: [2] delete_history(0);
                   1054: [3] @@0;
                   1055: 0
                   1056: @end example
                   1057:
1.3       noro     1058: \JP @node get_rootdir,,, $B$=$NB>(B
                   1059: \EG @node get_rootdir,,, Miscellaneouses
1.1       noro     1060: @subsection @code{get_rootdir}
                   1061: @findex get_rootdir
                   1062:
                   1063: @table @t
                   1064: @item get_rootdir()
1.3       noro     1065: \JP :: Asir $B$N%k!<%H%G%#%l%/%H%jL>$r<h$j=P$9(B
                   1066: \EG :: Gets the name of @b{Asir} root directory.
1.1       noro     1067: @end table
                   1068:
                   1069: @table @var
                   1070: @item return
1.3       noro     1071: \JP $BJ8;zNs(B
                   1072: \EG string
1.1       noro     1073: @end table
                   1074:
                   1075: @itemize @bullet
1.3       noro     1076: \BJP
1.1       noro     1077: @item
                   1078: UNIX $BHG$N>l9g(B, $B4D6-JQ?t(B @code{ASIR_LIBDIR} $B$,Dj5A$5$l$F$$$k>l9g$K$O$=$NCM(B, $B$5$l$F$$$J$$>l9g(B
                   1079: $B$K$O(B @samp{/usr/local/lib/asir} $B$rJV$9(B.
                   1080: @item
                   1081: Windows $BHG$N>l9g(B, @samp{asirgui.exe} $B$N$"$k%G%#%l%/%H%j(B (@samp{bin} $B$H$$$&L>A0$N$O$:$G$"$k(B)
                   1082: $B$N?F%G%#%l%/%H%j$,JV$5$l$k(B.
                   1083: @item
                   1084: $B$3$N4X?t$,JV$9%G%#%l%/%H%jL>$r4p=`$H$7$?AjBP%Q%9L>$r;XDj$9$k$3$H$K$h$j(B, $B%$%s%9%H!<%k(B
                   1085: $B$5$l$?>l=j$K$h$i$J$$%U%!%$%kFI$_9~$_%W%m%0%i%`$r=q$/$3$H$,$G$-$k(B.
1.3       noro     1086: \E
                   1087: \BEG
                   1088: @item
                   1089: On UNIX it returns the value of an environment variable @code{ASIR_LIBDIR}
                   1090: or @samp{/usr/local/lib/asir} if @code{ASIR_LIBDIR} is not set.
                   1091: @item
                   1092: On Windows the name of @b{Asir} root directory is returned.
                   1093: @item
                   1094: By using relative path names from the value of this function,
                   1095: one can write programs which contain file operations independent
                   1096: of the install directory.
                   1097: \E
1.1       noro     1098: @end itemize
1.2       noro     1099:
                   1100:
1.3       noro     1101: \JP @node getopt,,, $B$=$NB>(B
                   1102: \EG @node getopt,,, Miscellaneouses
1.2       noro     1103: @subsection @code{getopt}
                   1104: @findex getopt
                   1105:
                   1106: @table @t
1.9       noro     1107: @item getopt([@var{key}])
1.3       noro     1108: \JP :: $B%*%W%7%g%s$NCM$rJV$9(B.
                   1109: \EG :: Returns the value of an option.
1.2       noro     1110: @end table
                   1111:
                   1112: @table @var
                   1113: @item return
1.3       noro     1114: \JP $B%*%V%8%'%/%H(B
                   1115: \EG object
1.2       noro     1116: @end table
                   1117:
                   1118: @itemize @bullet
1.3       noro     1119: \BJP
1.2       noro     1120: @item
                   1121: $B%f!<%6Dj5A4X?t$O(B, $B8GDj8D?t0z?t$G$7$+@k8@$G$-$J$$(B. $B%f!<%6Dj5A4X?t$G(B
                   1122: $B2DJQ8D0z?t$r<B8=$9$kJ}K!$N0l$D$H$7$F(B, $B%*%W%7%g%s$K$h$k0z?t$N;XDj(B
                   1123: $B$,$"$k(B (@pxref{$B%*%W%7%g%s;XDj(B}). $B;XDj$5$l$?%*%W%7%g%s$r4X?tFb$G(B
                   1124: $B<u$1<h$k$?$a$K$3$N4X?t$rMQ$$$k(B.
                   1125: @item
1.9       noro     1126: $BL50z?t$G8F$S=P$5$l$?>l9g(B, @code{getopt()} $B$O(B
                   1127: @code{[[key1,value1],[key2,value2],...]} $B$J$k%j%9%H$rJV$9(B.
                   1128: $B$3$3$G(B, @code{key} $B$O4X?t8F$S=P$7;~$K;XDj$5$l$?%*%W%7%g%s(B, @code{value}
                   1129: $B$O$=$NCM$G$"$k(B.
                   1130: @item
1.2       noro     1131: $B4X?t8F$S=P$7$N:]$K(B @var{key} $B$,%*%W%7%g%s$H$7$F;XDj$5$l$F$$$k(B
                   1132: $B>l9g$K$O(B, $B$=$NCM$rJV$9(B. $B$b$7;XDj$,$J$$>l9g$K$O(B, VOID $B7?%*%V%8%'%/%H(B
                   1133: ($B7?<1JL;R(B -1) $B$rJV$9(B. @code{getopt()} $B$,JV$7$?CM$N7?$r(B @code{type()}
                   1134: $B$GD4$Y$k$3$H$G(B, $B$=$N%*%W%7%g%s$,;XDj$5$l$?$+$I$&$+D4$Y$k$3$H$,$G$-$k(B.
                   1135: @item
                   1136: $B4X?t8F$S=P$7$K$*$1$k%*%W%7%g%s$N;XDj$O(B, $B@55,$N0z?t$J$i$S$N8e$m$K(B,
                   1137:
                   1138: @example
                   1139: xxx(A,B,C,D|x=X,y=Y,z=Z)
                   1140: @end example
                   1141:
                   1142: $B$H$$$&Iw$K(B, @samp{|} $B$KB3$/(B, @var{key=value} $B$N(B @samp{,} $B$G6h@Z$i$l$?(B
                   1143: $BJB$S$rCV$/$3$H$G9T$&(B.
1.3       noro     1144: \E
                   1145: \BEG
                   1146: @item
                   1147: When a user defined function is called, the number of arguments
                   1148: must be equal to that in the declaration of the function.
                   1149: A function with indefinite number of arguments can be realized
                   1150: by using @var{options} (@pxref{option}).
                   1151: The value of a specified option is retrieved by @code{getopt}.
1.9       noro     1152: @item
                   1153: If @code{getopt()} is called with no argument, then it returns a list
1.12      noro     1154: @code{[[key1,value1],} @code{[key2,value2],@dots{}]}.
                   1155: In the list, each @code{key}
1.9       noro     1156: is an option which was specified when the function executing @code{getopt}
                   1157: was invoked, and @code{value} is the value of the option.
1.3       noro     1158: @item
                   1159: If an option @var{key} is specified upon a function call, @code{getopt}
                   1160: return the value of the option. If such an option is not specified,
                   1161: the it returns an object of VOID type whose object identifier is
                   1162: -1. By examining the type of the returned value with @code{type()},
                   1163: one knows whether the option is set or not.
                   1164: @item
                   1165: Options are specified as follows:
                   1166:
                   1167: @example
                   1168: xxx(A,B,C,D|x=X,y=Y,z=Z)
                   1169: @end example
                   1170:
                   1171: That is, the options are specified by a sequence of @var{key=value} seperated
                   1172: by @samp{,}, after @samp{|}.
                   1173: \E
1.2       noro     1174: @end itemize
                   1175:
                   1176: @table @t
1.3       noro     1177: \JP @item $B;2>H(B
                   1178: \EG @item References
                   1179: \JP @fref{$B%*%W%7%g%s;XDj(B}, @fref{type}.
                   1180: \EG @fref{option}, @fref{type}.
                   1181: @end table
                   1182:
                   1183: \JP @node getenv,,, $B$=$NB>(B
                   1184: \EG @node getenv,,, Miscellaneouses
                   1185: @subsection @code{getenv}
                   1186: @findex getenv
                   1187:
                   1188: @table @t
                   1189: @item getenv(@var{name})
                   1190: \JP :: $B4D6-JQ?t$NCM$rJV$9(B.
                   1191: \EG :: Returns the value of an environment variable.
                   1192: @end table
                   1193:
                   1194: @table @var
                   1195: @item return
                   1196: @itemx name
                   1197: \JP $BJ8;zNs(B
                   1198: \EG string
1.2       noro     1199: @end table
                   1200:
1.3       noro     1201: @itemize @bullet
                   1202: @item
                   1203: \JP $B4D6-JQ?t(B @var{name} $B$NCM$rJV$9(B.
                   1204: \EG Returns the value of an environment variable @var{name}.
                   1205: @end itemize
                   1206:
                   1207: @example
                   1208: [0] getenv("HOME");
                   1209: /home/pcrf/noro
                   1210: @end example
1.1       noro     1211:
                   1212:
                   1213: