Annotation of OpenXM/src/asir-doc/parts/risa.texi, Revision 1.16
1.16 ! noro 1: @comment $OpenXM: OpenXM/src/asir-doc/parts/risa.texi,v 1.15 2014/12/14 00:53:08 takayama Exp $
1.1 noro 2: @node Risa/Asir,,, Top
3: @chapter Risa/Asir
4:
5: @menu
1.2 noro 6: \BJP
1.1 noro 7: * Risa $B$*$h$S(B Asir::
8: * Asir $B$NFCD'(B::
1.9 noro 9: * Installation::
1.1 noro 10: * $B%3%^%s%I%i%$%s%*%W%7%g%s(B::
11: * $B4D6-JQ?t(B::
12: * $B5/F0$+$i=*N;$^$G(B::
13: * $B3d$j9~$_(B::
14: * $B%(%i!<=hM}(B::
15: * $B7W;;7k2L$*$h$SFC<l$J?t(B::
1.2 noro 16: \E
17: \BEG
18: * Risa and Asir::
19: * Features of Asir::
20: * Installation::
21: * Command line options::
22: * Environment variable::
23: * Starting and Terminating an Asir session::
24: * Interruption::
25: * Error handling::
26: * Referencing results and special numbers::
27: \E
1.1 noro 28: @end menu
29:
1.2 noro 30: \BJP
1.1 noro 31: @node Risa $B$*$h$S(B Asir,,, Risa/Asir
32: @section Risa $B$*$h$S(B Asir
1.2 noro 33: \E
34: \BEG
35: @node Risa and Asir,,, Risa/Asir
36: @section @b{Risa} and @b{Asir}
37: \E
1.1 noro 38:
39: @noindent
1.2 noro 40: \BJP
1.1 noro 41: @b{Risa} $B$O(B, $BIY;NDL8&$G3+H/Cf$N?t<0=hM}%7%9%F%`(B/$B%i%$%V%i%j$NAm>N$G$"$k(B.
42: @b{Risa} $B$N9=@.$O<!$NDL$j$G$"$k(B.
1.2 noro 43: \E
44: \BEG
45: @b{Risa} is the name of whole libraries of a computer algebra system
46: which is under development at FUJITSU LABORATORIES LIMITED.
47: The structure of @b{Risa} is as follows.
48: \E
1.1 noro 49:
50: @itemize @bullet
51: @item
1.2 noro 52: \JP @code{$B4pK\1i;;It(B}
53: \EG @b{The basic algebraic engine}
1.8 noro 54: @*
1.2 noro 55: \BJP
1.1 noro 56: $B$3$l$O(B, @b{Risa} $B$NFbIt7A<0$KJQ49$5$l$?%*%V%8%'%/%H(B ($B?t(B, $BB?9`<0$J$I(B)
57: $B$N4V$N1i;;$r<B9T$9$kItJ,$G$"$j(B, UNIX $B$N(B @samp{libc.a} $B$J$I$HF1MM$N(B, $B%i%$%V%i(B
58: $B%j$H$7$FB8:_$9$k(B. $B%(%s%8%s$O(B, C $B$*$h$S(B $B%"%;%s%V%i$G5-=R$5$l(B, $B8e=R$9$k(B
1.2 noro 59: $B8@8l%$%s%?%U%'!<%9(B @b{Asir} $B$N4pK\1i;;It$H$7$FMQ$$$i$l$F$$$k(B.
60: @comment $B0lJ}(B, $B?t<07W;;$rI,MW$H$9$k$5$^$6$^$J%W%m%0%i%`Cf$K%j%s%/$7$FMQ$$$k$3$H$,$G$-$k(B.
61: \E
62: \BEG
63: This is the part which performs basic algebraic operations,
64: such as arithmetic operations, to algebraic objects, e.g., numbers and
65: polynomials, which are already converted into internal forms.
66: It exists, like @samp{libc.a} of UNIX, as a library of ordinary UNIX system.
67: The algebraic engine is written mainly in C language and
68: partly in assembler.
69: It serves as the basic operation part of @b{Asir}, a standard
70: language interface of @b{Risa}.
71: @comment It can also be linked to various programs that need some symbolic
72: @comment and algebraic computation.
73: \E
74:
1.1 noro 75: @item
1.2 noro 76: \JP @code{$B%a%b%j4IM}It(B}
77: \EG @b{Memory Manager}
1.8 noro 78: @*
1.2 noro 79: \BJP
1.1 noro 80: @b{Risa} $B$G$O(B, $B%a%b%j4IM}It$H$7$F(B, @code{[Boehm,Weiser]} $B$K$h$k%U%j!<(B
1.11 noro 81: $B%=%U%H%&%'%"(B (@code{gc-6.1alpha5}) $B$rMQ$$$F$$$k(B. $B$3$l$O%,!<%Y%8%3%l%/%7%g%s(B
1.1 noro 82: ($B0J2<(B GC $B$H8F$V(B) $B$r<+F0E*$K9T$&%a%b%j3d$jEv$F5!9=$r;}$A(B, @b{Risa} $B$N3F(B
83: $BItJ,$O$9$Y$F$3$l$K$h$jI,MW$J%a%b%j$rF@$F$$$k(B.
1.2 noro 84: \E
85: \BEG
86: @b{Risa} employs, as its memory management component (the memory
1.11 noro 87: manager), a free software distributed by Boehm (@code{gc-6.1alpha5}).
1.2 noro 88: It is proposed by @code{[Boehm,Weiser]}, and developed by Boehm and
89: his colleagues.
90: The memory manager has a memory allocator which automatically
91: reclaims garbages, i.e., allocated but unused memories,
92: and refreshes them for further use.
93: The algebraic engine gets all its necessary memories through the memory
94: manager.
95: \E
1.1 noro 96:
97: @item
98: @b{Asir}
1.8 noro 99: @*
1.2 noro 100: \BJP
1.1 noro 101: @b{Asir} $B$O(B, @b{Risa} $B$N7W;;%(%s%8%s$N8@8l%$%s%?%U%'!<%9$G(B
102: $B$"$k(B. @b{Risa} $B$G$O(B, $BHf3SE*MF0W$K%f!<%6MQ$N8@8l%$%s%?%U%'!<%9$r:n$k(B
103: $B$3$H$,$G$-$k(B. @b{Asir} $B$O$=$N0l$D$NNc$H$7$F:n$C$?$b$N$G(B, C $B8@8l$K6a(B
104: $B$$J8K!$r$b$D(B. $B$^$?(B, C $B$N%G%P%C%,$H$7$F9-$/MQ$$$i$l$F$$$k(B @code{dbx} $BIw(B
105: $B$N%G%P%C%,$bHw$($F$$$k(B.
1.2 noro 106: \E
107: \BEG
108: @b{Asir} is a standard language interface of @b{Risa}'s algebraic
109: engine. It is one of the possible language interfaces, because
110: one can develop one's own language interface easily on @b{Risa}
111: system.
112: @b{Asir} is an example of such language interfaces.
113: @b{Asir} has very similar syntax and semantics as C language.
114: Furthermore, it has a debugger that provide a subset of commands of
115: @code{dbx}, a widely used debugger of C language.
116: \E
1.1 noro 117: @end itemize
118:
1.2 noro 119: \BJP
1.1 noro 120: @node Asir $B$NFCD'(B,,, Risa/Asir
121: @section Asir $B$NFCD'(B
1.2 noro 122: \E
123: \BEG
124: @node Features of Asir,,, Risa/Asir
125: @section Features of @b{Asir}
126: \E
1.1 noro 127:
128: @noindent
1.2 noro 129: \BJP
1.1 noro 130: @b{Asir} $B$O(B, $BA0=R$NDL$j(B, $B7W;;%(%s%8%s$N8@8l%$%s%?%U%'!<%9$G$"(B
131: $B$k(B. $BDL>o(B @b{Asir} $B$H$$$&L>A0$N<B9T2DG=%U%!%$%k$H$7$FDs6!$5$l$k(B.
132: $B8=:_%5%]!<%H$5$l$F$$$k5!G=$O35$M<!$NDL$j$G$"$k(B.
1.2 noro 133: \E
134: \BEG
135: As mentioned in the previous section, @b{Asir} is a standard language
136: interface for@b{Risa}'s algebraic engine.
137: Usually, it is provided as an executable file named @code{asir}.
138: Main features supported for the current version of Asir is as follows.
139: \E
1.1 noro 140:
141: @itemize @bullet
1.2 noro 142: \BJP
1.1 noro 143: @item
144: C $B8@8lIw$N%f!<%68@8l(B
145:
146: @item
147: $B?t(B, $BB?9`<0(B, $BM-M}<0$N2C8:>h(B($B=|(B)
148:
149: @item
150: $B%Y%/%H%k(B, $B9TNs$N1i;;(B
151:
152: @item
153: $B:G>.8B$N%j%9%H=hM}(B
154:
155: @item
156: $BAH$_9~$_H!?t(B ($B0x?tJ,2r(B, GCD, $B%0%l%V%J4pDl$J$I(B)
157:
158: @item
159: $B%f!<%6Dj5AH!?t$K$h$k%D!<%k(B ($BBe?tBN>e$N0x?tJ,2r$J$I(B)
160:
161: @item
162: @code{dbx} $BIw$N%G%P%C%,(B
163:
164: @item
165: $B1"H!?t$NIA2h(B
166:
167: @item
168: @b{PARI} (@pxref{pari}) $B$K$h$k=iEyD61[H!?t$r4^$`<0$NI>2A(B
169:
170: @item
171: UNIX $B>e$G$NJ,;67W;;5!G=(B (Open XM)
172: @comment @item
173: @comment $B%R%9%H%jCV495!G=$r$b$D(B X11 $B%$%s%?%U%'!<%9(B
1.2 noro 174: \E
175: \BEG
176: @item
177: A C-like programming language
178:
179: @item
180: Arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication
181: and division) on numbers, polynomials and rational expressions
182:
183: @item
184: Operations on vectors and matrices
185:
186: @item
187: List processing operations at the minimum
188:
189: @item
190: Several Built-in functions (factorization, GCD computation, Groebner basis
191: computation etc.)
192:
193: @item
194: Useful user defined functions(e.g., factorization over algebraic number fields)
195:
196: @item
197: A @code{dbx}-like debugger
198:
199: @item
200: Plotting of implicit functions
201:
202: @item
203: Numerical evaluation of mathematical expressions including elementary
204: transcendental functions at arbitrary precision. This feature is
205: in force only if @b{PARI} system (@pxref{pari}).
206:
207: @item
208: Distributed computation over UNIX
209: \E
1.1 noro 210: @end itemize
211:
1.2 noro 212: @node Installation,,, Risa/Asir
213: @section Installation
214:
215: \JP $B0J2<$N<jB3$-$GITL@$JE@(B, $BITET9g$JE@$,$"$C$?>l9g$NLd$$9g$o$;$O(B
216: \BEG
1.9 noro 217: Any questions and any comments on this manual are welcome by e-mails
1.2 noro 218: to the following address.
219: \E
1.1 noro 220:
221: @example
1.11 noro 222: noro@@math.kobe-u.ac.jp
1.1 noro 223: @end example
224:
225: @noindent
1.2 noro 226: \JP $B08$K(B e-mail $B$G$*4j$$$7$^$9(B.
1.1 noro 227:
228: @menu
1.9 noro 229: * UNIX binary version::
230: * UNIX source code version::
1.2 noro 231: * Windows version::
1.1 noro 232: @end menu
233:
1.9 noro 234: @node UNIX binary version,,, Installation
235: @subsection UNIX binary version
1.1 noro 236:
237: @noindent
1.2 noro 238: \BJP
1.9 noro 239: $B%?!<%2%C%H(B CPU/OS $B$KBP1~$9$k(B @samp{asir.tgz} $B$,I,MW$G$"$k(B.
1.1 noro 240: $B$3$l$i$OA4$F(B @code{gzip} $B$G05=L$7$F$"$k$N$G(B, $BF~<j8e(B @code{gzip} $B$G(B
241: $BE83+$9$k(B. $B$^$:(B, $B%$%s%9%H!<%k$9$k%G%#%l%/%H%j$r7h$a$k(B. $B%G%U%)%k%H$G$O(B
242: @samp{/usr/local/lib} $B$K(B @samp{asir} $B$H$$$&%G%#%l%/%H%j$H$7$F(B
243: $B%$%s%9%H!<%k$5$l$k$3$H$r2>Dj$7$F$$$k(B. $B0J2<$3$N%G%#%l%/%H%j$r%i%$%V%i%j(B
244: $B%G%#%l%/%H%j$H8F$V(B.
1.2 noro 245: \E
246: \BEG
1.9 noro 247: A file @samp{asir.tgz} suitable for the target machine/architecture
1.2 noro 248: is required. After getting it,
249: you have to unpack it by @code{gzip}. First of all, determine
250: a derectory where binaries and library files are installed.
251: We call the directory the @b{library directory}.
252: The following installs the files in @samp{/usr/local/lib/asir}.
253: \E
1.1 noro 254:
255: @example
256: # gzip -dc asir.tgz | ( cd /usr/local/lib; tar xf - )
257: @end example
258:
1.2 noro 259: \JP $B8D?ME*$K;HMQ$9$k>l9g$K$O(B, @samp{$HOME}$B$J$I$KCV$$$F$b$h$$(B.
260: \BEG
261: In this case you don't have to set any environment variable.
1.1 noro 262:
1.2 noro 263: You can install them elsewhere.
264: \E
1.1 noro 265: @example
266: % gzip -dc asir.tgz | ( cd $HOME; tar xf - )
267: @end example
268:
269: @noindent
1.2 noro 270: \BJP
1.1 noro 271: $B$3$N>l9g(B, $B%i%$%V%i%j%G%#%l%/%H%j$NL>A0$r4D6-JQ?t(B
272: @code{ASIR_LIBDIR} $B$K@_Dj$9$kI,MW$,$"$k(B.
1.2 noro 273: \E
274: \BEG
275: In this case you have to set the name of the library directory
276: to the environment variable @code{ASIR_LIBDIR}.
277: \E
1.1 noro 278:
279: @example
280: % setenv ASIR_LIBDIR $HOME/asir
281: @end example
282:
283: @noindent
1.2 noro 284: \BJP
1.1 noro 285: Asir $BK\BN$O(B, $B%i%$%V%i%j%G%#%l%/%H%j$N(B @samp{asir} $B$G$"$k(B.
286: @samp{/usr/local/bin} $B$"$k$$$O%f!<%6$N<B9T%U%!%$%k%5!<%A%Q%9(B
287: $B$N$I$3$+$K%7%s%\%j%C%/%j%s%/$r:n$k$HJXMx$G$"$k(B.
1.2 noro 288: \E
289: \BEG
290: @b{Asir} itself is in the library directory. It will be convenient
291: to create a symbolic link to it from @samp{/usr/local/bin} or
292: the user's search path.
293: \E
1.1 noro 294:
295: @example
296: # ln -s /usr/local/lib/asir/asir /usr/local/bin/asir
297: @end example
298:
299: @noindent
1.9 noro 300: \JP $B$3$l$G(B @samp{asir} $B$,5/F0$G$-$k(B.
1.2 noro 301: \BEG
1.9 noro 302: Then you can start @samp{asir}.
1.2 noro 303: \E
1.1 noro 304:
305: @example
306: % /usr/local/bin/asir
1.9 noro 307: This is Risa/Asir, Version 20000821.
308: Copyright (C) FUJITSU LABORATORIES LIMITED.
309: 1994-2000. All rights reserved.
310: [0]
1.1 noro 311: @end example
312:
1.9 noro 313: @node UNIX source code version,,, Installation
314: @subsection UNIX source code version
1.1 noro 315:
1.9 noro 316: \BEG
1.11 noro 317: First of all you have to determine the install directory.
318: In the install directory, the following subdirectories are put:
319: \E
320:
321: \BJP
322: $B$^$:(B, $B%$%s%9%H!<%k@h$N%G%#%l%/%H%j$r7h$a$kI,MW$,$"$k(B.
323: $B$3$3$K$O(B, $B0J2<$N%5%V%G%#%l%/%H%j$,CV$+$l$k(B.
324: \E
325:
326: @itemize @bullet
327: @item bin
328:
329: \EG executables of PARI and Asir
330: \JP PARI $B$*$h$S(B Asir $B$N<B9T2DG=%U%!%$%k(B
331:
332: @item lib
333:
334: \EG library files of PARI and Asir
335: \JP PARI $B$*$h$S(B Asir $B$N%i%$%V%i%j(B
336: @item include
337:
338: \EG header files of PARI
339: \JP PARI $B$N%X%C%@%U%!%$%k(B
340: @end itemize
341:
342: \BEG
343: These subdirectories are created automatically if they does not exist.
344: If you can be a root, it is recommended to set the install directory
345: to @samp{/usr/local}. In the following the directory is denoted by TARGETDIR.
346: \E
347: \BJP
348: $B$3$l$i$N%5%V%G%#%l%/%H%j$OL5$1$l$P<+F0E*$K:n$i$l$k(B.
349: root $B8"8B$,$"$k>l9g$K$O(B, @samp{/usr/local} $B$K%$%s%9%H!<%k$9$k$3$H$r(B
350: $B$*4+$a$9$k(B. $B0J2<(B, $B$3$N%G%#%l%/%H%j$r(B TARGETDIR $B$H=q$/(B.
351: \E
352:
353: \BEG
354: Then, install PARI library. After getting @samp{pari.tgz},
355: unpack and install it as follows:
1.2 noro 356: \E
1.9 noro 357: \BJP
1.11 noro 358: $B$^$:(B PARI $B%i%$%V%i%j$r%$%s%9%H!<%k$9$kI,MW$,$"$k(B.
359: @samp{pari.tgz} $B$rF~<j8e(B, $BE,Ev$J%G%#%l%/%H%j$GE83+(B, $B%$%s%9%H!<%k$9$k(B.
1.2 noro 360: \E
1.1 noro 361:
362: @example
1.11 noro 363: % gzip -dc pari.tgz | tar xvf -
364: % cd pari
365: % ./Configure --prefix=TARGETDIR
366: % make all
367: % su
1.9 noro 368: # make install
369: # make install-lib-sta
1.1 noro 370: @end example
371:
1.2 noro 372: \BJP
1.11 noro 373: make $BCf$K%(%i!<$G;_$^$C$?$i(B, $B0J2<$r<B9T$9$k(B.
1.9 noro 374: \E
1.11 noro 375:
1.9 noro 376: \BEG
1.11 noro 377: While executing 'make install', the procedure may stop due to
378: some error. Then try the following:
379: \E
380:
381: @example
382: % cd Oxxx
383: % make lib-sta
384: % su
385: # make install-lib-sta
386: # make install-include
387: # exit
388: %
389: @end example
390:
391: \BEG
392: In the above example, xxx denotes the name of the target operating system.
393: Although GP is not built, the library necessary for building asir2000
394: will be generated.
395:
396: After getting @samp{asir2000.tgz}, unpack it
1.9 noro 397: and install necessary files as follows.
1.2 noro 398: \E
1.1 noro 399:
1.11 noro 400: \BJP
401: $B>e$NNc$G(B, xxx $B$O8=:_%?!<%2%C%H$H$J$C$F$$$k(B OS $B$NL>A0$r<($9(B.
402: GP $B$O%$%s%9%H!<%k$5$l$J$$$,(B, asir2000 $B$N:n@.$KI,MW$J%U%!%$%k$O%$%s%9%H!<%k(B
403: $B$5$l$k(B.
404:
405: @samp{asir2000.tgz} $B$rF~<j8e(B, $BE,Ev$J%G%#%l%/%H%j$G(B
406: $B$GE83+$7(B, $B0J2<$N<j=g$G%$%s%9%H!<%k$9$k(B.
407: \E
408:
1.1 noro 409: @example
1.9 noro 410: % gzip -dc asir.tgz | tar xf -
411: % cd asir2000
1.11 noro 412: % ./configure --prefix=TARGETDIR --with-pari --enable-plot
1.9 noro 413: % make
414: % su
415: # make install
416: # make install-lib
417: # make install-doc
1.11 noro 418: # exit
1.1 noro 419: @end example
420:
1.2 noro 421: @node Windows version,,, Installation
422: @subsection Windows version
1.1 noro 423:
424: @noindent
1.2 noro 425: \BJP
1.15 takayama 426: @samp{asirwin32.msi} (32bit $BHG%$%s%9%H!<%i!<(B) $B$^$?$O(B
427: @samp{asirwin64.msi} (64bit $BHG%$%s%9%H!<%i!<(B)$B$rMQ$$$F%$%s%9%H!<%k$9$k(B. $B$3$N%$%s%9%H!<%i!<$O(B $B4D6-JQ?t(B @samp{ASIR_ROOTDIR} $B$K%$%s%9%H!<%k$7$?%U%)%k%@$r@_Dj$9$k(B.
428: (zip $BHG$O(B @samp{ASIR_ROOTDIR} $B$r<jF0$G@_Dj$9$kI,MW$,$"$j(B, $B$^$?%;%-%e%j%F%#%V%m%C%/$r2r=|$7$F$+$iE83+$7$J$$$H$$$1$J$$(B. zip$BHG$O3+H/<TMQ(B.)
429: $B%G%9%/%H%C%W$N(B asirgui $B$r%@%V%k%/%j%C%/$9$l$P(B asir $B$,%9%?!<%H$9$k(B. $B%F%-%9%H%(%G%#%?$H$NO"7H5!G=$r;H$&$K$O(B,
430: @samp{%ASIR_ROOTDIR%\share\editor} $B$N;X<($K=>$$@_Dj$r9T$&(B.
431: $B$J$*%$%s%9%H!<%k%U%)%k%@!<L>$d%f!<%6!<$N%[!<%`%U%)%k%@L>$,$$$o$f$k%@%aJ8;z$r4^$`>l9g$O@5>o$KF0:n$7$J$$5!G=$,$"$k(B.
432: (|$B%@%aJ8;z(B $B%A%'%C%+!<(B| $B$G8!:w$7$F<+J,$N%f!<%6!<L>$,3:Ev$9$k$+3NG'(B)
433: \E
434: \BEG
435: The installers are
436: @samp{asirwin32.msi} (32bit version) and
437: @samp{asirwin64.msi} (64bit version).
438: These installers set the installed folder to the environmental variable
439: @samp{ASIR_ROOTDIR}.
440: (If you install Risa/Asir by the zip version,
441: you need to set the environmental variable @samp{ASIR_ROOTDIR}
442: by hand.
443: You also need to unlock the security block before unzipping.
444: The zip version is for developpers.)
445: Double click the ``asirgui'' on the desktop,
446: then the asir starts.
447: To use a unified environment with text editors,
448: follow the instruction in
449: @samp{%ASIR_ROOTDIR%\share\editor}.
450: If the folder name to which you install asir or your home folder name
451: contain non-ascii characters,
452: some functions of asir may not work properly.
453: For example, in the Japense locale, names which may cause troubles
454: can be checked by ``damemoji checker''.
1.2 noro 455: \E
1.1 noro 456:
1.2 noro 457: \BJP
1.1 noro 458: @node $B%3%^%s%I%i%$%s%*%W%7%g%s(B,,, Risa/Asir
459: @section $B%3%^%s%I%i%$%s%*%W%7%g%s(B
1.2 noro 460: \E
461: \BEG
462: @node Command line options,,, Risa/Asir
463: @section Command line options
464: \E
1.1 noro 465:
466: @noindent
1.2 noro 467: \JP $B%3%^%s%I%i%$%s%*%W%7%g%s$O<!$NDL$j(B.
468: \EG Command-line options for the command @samp{asir} are as follows.
1.1 noro 469:
470: @table @code
471:
472: @item -heap @var{number}
1.2 noro 473: \BJP
1.1 noro 474: @code{Risa/Asir} $B$G$O(B, 4KB $B$N%V%m%C%/$r%a%b%j3d$jEv$F$NC10L$H$7$FMQ$$$F$$$k(B.
475: $B%G%U%)%k%H$G$O(B, $B=i4|(B heap $B$H$7$F(B, 16 $B%V%m%C%/(B (64KB) $B3d$jEv$F$k$,(B, $B$=$l(B
476: $B$rJQ99$9$k>l9g(B, @code{-heap} $B$rMQ$$$k(B. $BC10L$O%V%m%C%/$G$"$k(B.
477: heap $B$NBg$-$5$O(B, @code{heap()} $BH!?t$GD4$Y$k$3$H$,$G$-$k(B ($BC10L$O%P%$%H(B).
1.2 noro 478: \E
479: \BEG
480: In @b{Risa/Asir}, 4KB is used as an unit, called block,
481: for memory allocation.
482: By default, 16 blocks (64KB) are allocated initially.
483: This value can be changed by giving an option @code{-heap}
484: a number parameter in unit block.
485: Size of the heap area is obtained by a Built-in function heap(),
486: the result of which is a number in Bytes.
487: \E
1.1 noro 488:
489: @item -adj @var{number}
1.2 noro 490: \BJP
1.1 noro 491: $B$3$NCM$,Bg$-$$$[$I(B, $B;HMQ%a%b%jNL$OBg$-$/$J$k$,(B, GC $B;~4V$,>/$J$/$J(B
492: $B$k(B. @var{number} $B$H$7$F(B 1 $B0J>e$N@0?t$,;XDj$G$-$k(B. $B%G%U%)%k%H$G$O(B 3 $B$G$"(B
493: $B$k(B. $B$3$NCM$,(B 1 $B0J2<$K$J$k$H(B GC $B$r$7$J$$@_Dj$K$J$k$N$GMWCm0U$G$"$k(B. heap
494: $B$r$J$k$Y$/?-$P$5$:$K(B, GC $B$r<gBN$K$7$F%a%b%j4IM}$7$?$$>l9g$K$O(B, $B$3$NCM$r(B
495: $BBg$-$/(B ($BNc$($P(B 8) $B@_Dj$9$k(B.
1.2 noro 496: \E
497: \BEG
498: Heap area will be stretched by the memory manager,
499: if the size of reclaimed memories is less than 1/@var{number}
500: of currently allocated heap area.
501: The default value for @var{number} is 3.
502: If you do not prefer to stretch heap area by some reason, perhaps by
503: restriction of available memories, but if prefer to resort to
504: reclaiming garbages as far as possible,
505: then a large value should be chosen for @var{number}, e.g., 8.
506: \E
1.1 noro 507:
508: @item -norc
1.2 noro 509: \JP $B=i4|2=%U%!%$%k(B @samp{$HOME/.asirrc} $B$rFI$^$J$$(B.
510: \BEG
511: When this option is specified, @b{Asir} does not read the
512: initial file @samp{$HOME/.asirrc}.
1.12 ohara 513: \E
514:
515: @item -quiet
516: \JP $B5/F0;~$NCx:n8"I=<($r9T$o$J$$(B.
517: \BEG Be quiet at boot time.
1.2 noro 518: \E
1.1 noro 519:
520: @item -f @var{file}
1.2 noro 521: \BJP
1.1 noro 522: $BI8=`F~NO$NBe$o$j$K(B, @var{file} $B$+$iF~NO$rFI$_9~$s$G<B9T$9$k(B.
523: $B%(%i!<$N:]$K$O$?$@$A$K=*N;$9$k(B.
1.2 noro 524: \E
525: \BEG
526: Instead of the standard input, @var{file} is used as the input.
527: Upon an error, the execution immediately terminates.
528: \E
1.1 noro 529:
530: @item -paristack @var{number}
1.2 noro 531: \BJP
1.1 noro 532: @b{PARI} (@pxref{pari}) $B@lMQ$NNN0h$NBg$-$5$r;XDj$9$k(B. $BC10L$O%P%$%H(B. $B%G%U%)(B
533: $B%k%H$G$O(B 1 MB.
1.2 noro 534: \E
535: \BEG
536: This option specifies the private memory size for @code{PARI} (@pxref{pari}).
537: The unit is Bytes. By default, it is set to 1 MB.
538: \E
1.1 noro 539:
540: @item -maxheap @var{number}
1.2 noro 541: \BJP
1.1 noro 542: heap $BNN0h$N>e8B$r;XDj$9$k(B. $BC10L$O%P%$%H(B. $B%G%U%)%k%H$G$OL5@)8B(B. UNIX $B$N(B
543: $B>l9g(B, $B<B:]$K$O(B @code{limit} $B%3%^%s%I$GI=<($5$l$k(B @code{datasize} $B$NCM(B
544: $B$K@)8B$5$l$F$$$k$?$a(B, @code{-maxheap} $B$N;XDj$,$J$/$F$b0lDjNL0J>e$K(B
545: heap $B$r3MF@$G$-$J$$>l9g$,$"$k$N$GCm0U(B.)
1.2 noro 546: \E
547: \BEG
548: This option sets an upper limit of the heap size. The unit is Bytes.
549: Note that the size is already limited by the value of @code{datasize}
550: displayed by the command @code{limit} on UNIX.
551: \E
1.1 noro 552: @end table
553:
1.2 noro 554: \BJP
1.1 noro 555: @node $B4D6-JQ?t(B,,, Risa/Asir
556: @section $B4D6-JQ?t(B
1.2 noro 557: \E
558: \BEG
559: @node Environment variable,,, Risa/Asir
560: @section Environment variable
561: \E
1.1 noro 562:
563: @noindent
1.2 noro 564: \BJP
1.15 takayama 565: @b{Asir} $B$N<B9T$K4X$9$k$$$/$D$+$N4D6-JQ?t$,B8:_$9$k(B. UNIX $B>e$G$O4D6-JQ?t(B $B$O(B shell $B$N%3%^%s%I%i%$%s$+$iD>@\@_Dj$9$k$+(B, shell $B$N(B rc $B%U%!%$%k$G@_Dj(B $B$9$k(B. Windows $B$G$O(B, [$B4D6-JQ?t$NJT=8(B] $B$G@_Dj$9$k(B.
1.2 noro 566: \E
567: \BEG
568: There exist several environment variables concerning with an execution
569: of @b{Asir}. On UNIX, an environment variable is set from shells, or
1.15 takayama 570: in rc files of shells. On Windows, it can be set from
571: [Editing environmetal variables].
1.2 noro 572: \E
1.1 noro 573: @itemize @bullet
574: @item
575: @code{ASIR_LIBDIR}
1.8 noro 576: @*
1.2 noro 577: \BJP
1.15 takayama 578: $B$3$N4D6-JQ?t$OGQ;_M=Dj(B.
1.2 noro 579: \E
580: \BEG
1.15 takayama 581: This environmental variable is obsolete.
1.13 takayama 582: \E
583: @item
584: @code{ASIR_CONTRIB_DIR}
585: @*
586: \BJP
1.15 takayama 587: $B$3$N4D6-JQ?t$OGQ;_M=Dj(B.
588: \E
589: \BEG
590: This environmental variable is obsolete.
1.2 noro 591: \E
1.1 noro 592:
593: @item
594: @code{ASIRLOADPATH}
1.8 noro 595: @*
1.2 noro 596: \BJP
1.1 noro 597: $B%m!<%I$5$l$k%U%!%$%k$,$"$k%G%#%l%/%H%j$r(B UNIX $B$N>l9g(B ':',
598: Windows$B$N>l9g(B ';' $B$G6h@Z$C$FJB$Y$k(B. $B%G%#%l(B
599: $B%/%H%j$O:8$+$i=g$K%5!<%A$5$l$k(B. $B$3$N;XDj$,$J$$>l9g(B, $B$*$h$S;XDj$5$l$?(B
600: $B%U%!%$%k$,(B @code{ASIRLOADPATH} $B$K$J$+$C$?>l9g(B, $B%i%$%V%i%j%G%#%l%/%H%j(B
601: $B$b%5!<%A$5$l$k(B.
1.2 noro 602: \E
603: \BEG
604: This environment specifies directories which contains files to be
605: loaded by @b{Asir} command @code{load()}.
606: Directories are separated by a `:' on UNIX, a ';' on Windows respectively.
607: The search order is from the left to the right.
608: After searching out all directories in @code{ASIRLOADPATH},
609: or in case of no specification at all,
610: the library directory will be searched.
611: \E
1.15 takayama 612: \BJP
613: unix $BHG$N%i%$%V%i%j%G%#%l%/%H%j$O(B
614: \E
615: \BEG
616: The library directories of the unix version are
617: \E
618: @samp{$OpenXM_HOME/lib/asir-contrib},
619: @samp{$OpenXM_HOME/lib/asir},
620: /usr/local/lib/asir-contrib,
621: /usr/local/lib/asir.
622: \BJP
623: Windows $BHG$N%i%$%V%i%j%G%#%l%/%H%j$O(B,
624: @samp{OpenXM_HOME} $B$,@_Dj$5$l$F$$$J$$$H$-$O(B,
625: \E
626: \BEG
627: When @samp{OpenXM_HOME} is not set,
628: the library directories of the Windows version are
629: \E
630: %ASIR_ROOTDIR%\lib\asir-contrib,
631: %ASIR_ROOTDIR%\lib\asir.
632: \BJP
633: @samp{OpenXM_HOME} $B@_Dj$5$l$F$$$l$P(B, unix $BHG$HF1MM(B.
634: \E
635: \BEG
636: When @samp{OpenXM_HOME} is set, the library directories are same with
637: the unix version.
638: \E
639: \BJP
640: $B$^$?(BWindows $BHG$N>l9g(B, $B8D?MNN0h(B
641: @samp{%APPDATA%\OpenXM\lib\asir-contrib}
642: $B$b%i%$%V%i%j%G%#%l%/%H%j$H$J$k(B.
643: $B$J$*(B unix $BHG$G$O>e5-$N$h$&$J8D?MNN0h$rC5:w$9$k;EAH$_$O$J$/(B,
644: OpenXM $BHG$N(B asir $B$G$O(B
1.16 ! noro 645: @samp{OpenXM/rc/} $B$K$*$$$F(B @samp{ASIRLOADPATH} $B$G(B
1.15 takayama 646: @samp{$OpenXM_tmp/OpenXM/lib/asir-contrib} $B$r%5!<%A%Q%9$K2C$($F$$$k(B. asir_contrib_update $B$r;2>H(B.
647: which, ctrl("loadpath"), asir2000/parse/load.c $B$b;2>H(B.
648: \E
649: \BEG
650: In the Windows version, the private folder
651: @samp{%APPDATA%\OpenXM\lib\asir-contrib}
652: is also set to the library folders.
653: In the unix version, there is no default private library folder.
654: In the OpenXM/unix version,
655: @samp{$OpenXM_tmp/OpenXM/lib/asir-contrib} is added to the @samp{ASIRLOADPATH}
1.16 ! noro 656: by a script in @samp{OpenXM/rc/}.
1.15 takayama 657: See also asir_contrib_update.
658: See which, ctrl("loadpath"), asir2000/parse/load.c.
659: \E
660:
1.1 noro 661: @item
662: @code{HOME}
1.8 noro 663: @*
1.2 noro 664: \BJP
1.1 noro 665: @var{-norc} $B%*%W%7%g%s$D$-$G5/F0$7$J$$>l9g(B, @samp{$HOME/.asirrc}$B$,$"$l$P(B,
666: $BM=$a$3$N%U%!%$%k$r<B9T$9$k(B. @code{HOME} $B$,@_Dj$5$l$F$$$J$$>l9g(B, UNIX $BHG(B
667: $B$G$O$J$K$bFI$^$J$$$,(B, Windows $BHG$G$O(B Asir $B%a%$%s%G%#%l%/%H%j(B
668: (@code{get_rootdir()} $B$GJV$5$l$k%G%#%l%/%H%j(B) $B$N(B @samp{.asirrc} $B$rC5$7(B,
669: $B$"$l$P$=$l$r<B9T$9$k(B.
1.2 noro 670: \E
671: \BEG
672: If @b{Asir} is invoked without @var{-norc}, @samp{$HOME/.asirrc}, if exists,
673: is executed. If @code{HOME} is not set, nothing is done on UNIX. On Windows,
674: @samp{.asirrc} in @b{Asir root directory} is executed if it exists.
675: \E
1.1 noro 676: @end itemize
677:
1.2 noro 678: \BJP
1.1 noro 679: @node $B5/F0$+$i=*N;$^$G(B,,, Risa/Asir
680: @section $B5/F0$+$i=*N;$^$G(B
1.2 noro 681: \E
682: \BEG
683: @node Starting and Terminating an Asir session,,, Risa/Asir
684: @section Starting and Terminating an @b{Asir} session
685: \E
1.1 noro 686:
687: @noindent
1.2 noro 688: \JP @b{Asir} $B$r5/F0$9$k$H(B,
689: \BEG
690: Run @b{Asir}, then the copyright notice and the first prompt
691: will appear on your screen,
692: and a new @b{Asir} session will be started.
693: \E
694:
1.1 noro 695: @example
696: [0]
697: @end example
698:
699: @noindent
1.2 noro 700: \BJP
1.1 noro 701: $B$J$k%W%m%s%W%H$,I=<($5$l(B, $B%;%C%7%g%s$,3+;O$9$k(B. @samp{$HOME/.asirrc}
702: (Windows $BHG$N>l9g(B, @code{HOME} $B@_Dj$5$l$F$$$J$$>l9g$K$O(B @code{get_rootdir()}
703: $B$GJV$5$l$k%G%#%l%/%H%j$K$"$k(B @samp{.asirrc})
704: $B$,B8:_$7$F$$$k>l9g(B, $B$3$N%U%!%$%k$r(B @b{Asir} $B%f!<%68@8l$G$+$+$l$?(B
705: $B%U%!%$%k$H8+$J$7(B, $B2r<a<B9T$9$k(B.
1.2 noro 706: \E
707: \BEG
708: When initialization file @samp{$HOME/.asirrc} exists,
709: @b{Asir} interpreter executes it at first taking it as a program
710: file written in @b{Asir}.
711: \E
1.1 noro 712:
713: @noindent
1.2 noro 714: \BJP
1.1 noro 715: $B%W%m%s%W%H$OF~NO$NHV9f$rI=$9(B. $B%;%C%7%g%s$O(B, @code{end;} $B$^$?$O(B
716: @code{quit;} $B$rF~NO$9$k$3$H$K$h$j=*N;$9$k(B. $BF~NO$O(B, @samp{;} $B$^$?$O(B
717: @samp{$} $B$^$G$r0l6h@Z$j$H$7$FI>2A$5$l$k(B. @samp{;} $B$N$H$-7k2L$OI=<($5$l(B,
718: @samp{$} $B$N$H$-I=<($5$l$J$$(B.
1.2 noro 719: \E
720: \BEG
721: The prompt indicates the sequential number of your input commands to
722: @b{Asir}.
723: The session will terminate when you input @code{end;} or @code{quit;}
724: to @b{Asir}.
725: Input commands are evaluated statement by statement.
726: A statement normally ends with its terminator
727: @samp{;} or @samp{$}.
728: (There are some exceptions. See, syntax of @b{Asir}.)
729: The result will be displayed when the command, i.e. statement,
730: is terminated by a @samp{;},
731: and will not when terminated by a @samp{$}.
732: \E
1.1 noro 733:
734: @example
735: % asir
736: [0] A;
737: 0
738: [1] A=(x+y)^5;
739: x^5+5*y*x^4+10*y^2*x^3+10*y^3*x^2+5*y^4*x+y^5
740: [2] A;
741: x^5+5*y*x^4+10*y^2*x^3+10*y^3*x^2+5*y^4*x+y^5
742: [3] a=(x+y)^5;
743: evalpv : invalid assignment
744: return to toplevel
745: [3] a;
746: a
747: [4] fctr(A);
748: [[1,1],[x+y,5]]
749: [5] quit;
750: %
751: @end example
752:
753: @noindent
1.2 noro 754: \BJP
1.1 noro 755: $B$3$NNc$G$O(B, @code{A}, @code{a}, @code{x}, @code{y} $B$J$kJ8;z$,;HMQ$5$l$F$$$k(B.
756: @code{A} $B$O%W%m%0%i%`$K$*$1$kJQ?t$G(B, @code{a}, @code{x}, @code{y} $B$O?t3XE*(B
757: $B$J0UL#$G$NITDj85$G$"$k(B. $B0lHL$K%W%m%0%i%`JQ?t$OBgJ8;z$G;O$^$j(B,
758: $BITDj85$O>.J8;z$G;O$^$k(B. $B$3$NNc$G$o$+$k$h$&$K(B, $B%W%m%0%i%`JQ?t$O(B,
759: $B?t(B, $B<0$J$I$r3JG<$7$F$*$/$?$a$N$b$N$G$"$j(B, C $B8@8l$J$I$K$*$1$kJQ?t$KBP1~$9$k(B.
760: $B0lJ}(B, $BITDj85$O$=$l<+?H$GCM$r;}$D$3$H$O$G$-$:(B, $B=>$C$F(B, $BITDj85$KBP$9$k(B
761: $BBeF~$O5v$5$l$J$$(B. $B8e$K<($9$,(B, $BITDj85$KBP$9$kBeF~$O(B, $BAH$_9~$_H!?t(B @code{subst()}
762: $B$K$h$jL@<(E*$K9T$o$l$k(B.
1.2 noro 763: \E
764: \BEG
765: In the above example, names @code{A}, @code{a}, @code{x} and @code{y}
766: are used to identify mathematical and programming objects.
767: There, the name @code{A} denotes a program variable
768: (some times called simply as a program variable.)
769: while the other names, @code{a}, @code{x} and @code{y}, denote
770: mathematical objects, that is, indeterminates.
771: In general, program variables have names which begin with
772: capital letters, while names of indeterminates begin with
773: small letters.
774: As you can see in the example, program variables are used to hold and
775: keep objects, such as numbers and expressions, as their values,
776: just like variables in C programming language.
777: Whereas, indeterminates cannot have values so that assignment to
778: indeterminates are illegal.
779: If one wants to get a result by substituting a value for an indeterminate
780: in an expression, it is achieved by the function @code{subst} as the
781: value of the function.
782: \E
1.1 noro 783:
1.2 noro 784: \BJP
1.1 noro 785: @node $B3d$j9~$_(B,,, Risa/Asir
786: @section $B3d$j9~$_(B
1.2 noro 787: \E
788: \BEG
789: @node Interruption,,, Risa/Asir
790: @section Interruption
791: \E
1.1 noro 792:
793: @noindent
1.2 noro 794: \BJP
1.1 noro 795: $B7W;;$r<B9TCf$K3d$j9~$_$r$+$1$?$$>l9g(B, $B3d$j9~$_%-%c%i%/%?(B($BDL>o$O(B
1.10 noro 796: @kbd{C-c}, Windows, DOS $BHG$G$O(B @kbd{C-x} $B$rF~NO$9$k(B.
1.2 noro 797: \E
798: \BEG
799: To interrupt the @b{Asir} execution, input an interrupt character
800: from the keyboard. A @kbd{C-c} is usually used for it.
1.10 noro 801: (Notice: @kbd{C-x} on Windows and DOS.)
1.2 noro 802: \E
1.1 noro 803:
804: @example
805: @@ (x+y)^1000;
806: @kbd{C-c}interrupt ?(q/t/c/d/u/w/?)
807: @end example
808:
809: @noindent
1.2 noro 810: \JP $B3FA*Br;h$N0UL#$O<!$NDL$j(B.
811: \EG Here, the meaning of options are as follows.
1.1 noro 812:
813: @table @code
1.2 noro 814: \BJP
1.1 noro 815: @item q
816: @b{Asir} $B$r=*N;$9$k(B. ($B3NG'$"$j(B)
817: @item t
818: $B%H%C%W%l%Y%k$KLa$k(B. ($B3NG'$"$j(B)
819: @item c
820: $B<B9T$r7QB3$9$k(B.
821: @item d
822: $B%G%P%C%0%b!<%I$KF~$k(B. $B%G%P%C%,$K4X$7$F$O(B @xref{$B%G%P%C%,(B}.
823: @item u
1.3 noro 824: @code{register_handler()} (@pxref{ox_reset ox_intr register_handler}) $B$GEPO?$5$l$?(B
1.1 noro 825: $B4X?t$r<B9T8e%H%C%W%l%Y%k$KLa$k(B. ($B3NG'$"$j(B)
826: @item w
827: $BCfCGE@$^$G$NH!?t$N8F$S=P$7Ns$rI=<($9$k(B.
828: @item ?
829: $B3FA*Br;h$N0UL#$r@bL@$9$k(B.
1.2 noro 830: \E
831: \BEG
832: @item q
833: Terminates @b{Asir} session. (Confirmation requested.)
834: @item t
835: Returns to toplevel. (Confirmation requested.)
836: @item c
837: Resumes to continue the execution.
838: @item d
839: Enters debugging mode at the next statement of the @b{Asir} program,
840: if @b{Asir} has been executing a program loaded from a file.
841: Note that it will sometimes take a long time before entering
842: debugging mode when @b{Asir} is executing basic functions in the
843: algebraic engine, (e.g., arithmetic operation, factorization etc.)
844: Detailed description about the debugger will be given in @ref{Debugger}.
845: @item u
846: After executing a function registered by @code{register_handler()}
1.3 noro 847: (@pxref{ox_reset ox_intr register_handler}), returns to toplevel. A confirmation
1.2 noro 848: is prompted.
849: @item w
850: Displays the calling sequence up to the interruption.
851: @item ?
852: Show a brief description of options.
853: \E
1.1 noro 854: @end table
855:
1.2 noro 856: \BJP
1.1 noro 857: @node $B%(%i!<=hM}(B,,, Risa/Asir
858: @section $B%(%i!<=hM}(B
1.2 noro 859: \E
860: \BEG
861: @node Error handling,,, Risa/Asir
862: @section Error handling
863: \E
1.1 noro 864:
865: @noindent
1.2 noro 866: \BJP
1.1 noro 867: $BAH$_9~$_H!?t$KIT@5$J7?$N0z?t$rEO$7$?>l9g$J$I$K$O<B9T$,CfCG$5$l$k$,(B,
868: $B%f!<%6H!?t$NCf$G%(%i!<$,5/$-$?>l9g$K$O%H%C%W%l%Y%k$KLa$kA0$K<+F0E*$K%G%P%C%0(B
869: $B%b!<%I$KF~$k(B. $B$3$N>uBV$G(B
870: $B%(%i!<$N>l=j(B, $BD>A0$N0z?t$NCM$J$I$rD4$Y$k$3$H$,$G$-$k(B.
871: $BI=<($5$l$k%(%i!<%a%C%;!<%8$O$5$^$6$^$G$"$j(B, $BFbIt$NH!?tL>$K0z$-B3$$$F(B
872: $B%a%C%;!<%8$,I=<($5$l$k(B. $B$3$l$O(B, $B8F$S=P$5$l$?AH$_9~$_H!?t(B
873: $B$HI,$:$7$bBP1~$O$7$J$$(B.
1.2 noro 874: \E
875: \BEG
876: When arguments with illegal types are given to a built-in function,
877: an error will be detected and the execution will be quit.
878: In many cases, when an error is detected in a built-in function,
879: @b{Asir} automatically enters debugging mode before coming back
880: to toplevel.
881: At that time, one can examine the state of the program,
882: for example, inspect argument values just before the error occurred.
883: Messages reported there are various depending on cases. They are
884: reported after the internal function name. The internal function name
885: sometimes differs from the built-in function name that is specified by
886: the user program.
887: \E
1.1 noro 888:
889: @noindent
1.2 noro 890: \BJP
1.1 noro 891: $B$=$NB>(B, $B$5$^$6$^$J860x$K$h$jFbIt1i;;H!?t$K$*$$$F%(%i!<$,@8$:$k$3$H$,(B
892: $B$"$k(B. UNIX $BHG$N>l9g(B, $B$3$l$O<!$N$$$:$l$+$N(B
893: @code{internal error} $B$H$7$FJs9p$5$l(B, $BDL>o$N%(%i!<$HF1MM$K07$C$F(B,
894: $B%G%P%C%0%b!<%I$KF~$k(B.
1.2 noro 895: \E
896: \BEG
897: In the execution of internal functions, errors may happen by various
898: reasons. The UNIX version of @b{Asir} will report those errors as one of
899: the following @code{internal error}'s, and enters debugging mode just
900: like normal errors.
901: \E
1.1 noro 902:
903: @table @code
904: @item SEGV
905: @itemx BUS ERROR
1.8 noro 906: @*
1.2 noro 907: \BJP
1.1 noro 908: $BAH$_9~$_H!?t$K$h$C$F$O(B, $B0z?t$N7?$r87L)$K%A%'%C%/$;$:$K1i;;%k!<%A%s$K0z(B
909: $B$-EO$7$F$7$^$&$b$N$bB8:_$7$F$$$k(B. $B$3$N$h$&$J>u67$K$*$$$F(B,
910: $BIT@5$J%]%$%s%?(B, $B$"$k$$$O(B NULL $B%]%$%s%?$K$h$k%"%/%;%90cH?$,$"$C$?>l9g(B, $B$3$l$i(B
911: $B$N%(%i!<$H$J$k(B.
1.2 noro 912: \E
913: \BEG
914: Some of the built-in functions transmit their arguments to internal
915: operation routines without strict type-checking. In such cases,
916: one of these two errors will be reported
917: when an access violation caused by an illegal pointer or a NULL pointer
918: is detected.
919: \E
1.1 noro 920:
921: @item BROKEN PIPE
1.8 noro 922: @*
1.2 noro 923: \BJP
1.1 noro 924: $B%W%m%;%94VDL?.$K$*$$$F(B, $BAj<j@h$N%W%m%;%9$H$N4V$N%9%H%j!<%`(B
925: $B$,4{$KB8:_$7$F$$$J$$>l9g(B ($BNc$($P4{$KAj<j@h$N%W%m%;%9$,=*N;$7$F$$$k>l9g$J$I(B)
926: $B$K(B, $B$=$N%9%H%j!<%`$KF~=PNO$7$h$&$H$7$?>l9g$K$3$N%(%i!<$H$J$k(B.
1.2 noro 927: \E
928: \BEG
929: In the process communication, this error will be reported if a process
930: attempts to read from or to write onto the partner process when the
931: stream to the partner process does not already exist, (e.g., terminated
932: process.)
933: \E
1.1 noro 934: @end table
935:
936: @noindent
1.2 noro 937: \BJP
1.1 noro 938: $B$3$l$i$O<B:]$K$O(B, $BAH$_9~$_H!?t$NF~8}$K$*$$$F(B, $B0z?t$r40A4$K%A%'%C%/(B
939: $B$9$k$3$H$K$h$jBgItJ,$OKI$2$k$,(B, $B<j4V$,B?$/$+$+$k$3$H$H(B, $B>l9g$K(B
940: $B$h$C$F$O8zN($rMn$9$3$H$K$b$J$k$?$a(B, $B$"$($F0z?t%A%'%C%/$O%f!<%6(B
941: $BG$$;$K$7$F$"$k(B.
1.2 noro 942: \E
943: \BEG
944: For UNIX version, even in such a case, the process itself does not
945: terminate because such an error can be caught by @code{signal()} and
946: recovered.
947: To remove this weak point, complete type
948: checking of all arguments are indispensable at the entry of a built-in
949: function, which requires an enormous amount of re-making efforts.
950: \E
1.1 noro 951:
1.2 noro 952: \BJP
1.1 noro 953: @node $B7W;;7k2L$*$h$SFC<l$J?t(B,,, Risa/Asir
954: @section $B7W;;7k2L(B, $BFC<l$J?t(B
1.2 noro 955: \E
956: \BEG
957: @node Referencing results and special numbers,,, Risa/Asir
958: @section Referencing results and special numbers
959: \E
1.1 noro 960:
961: @noindent
1.2 noro 962: \JP @code{@@} $B$O%(%9%1!<%WJ8;z$H$7$F;HMQ$5$l$k(B. $B8=:_<!$N$h$&$J5,Dj$,$"$k(B.
963: \BEG
964: An @code{@@} used for an escape character; rules currently in force
965: are as follows.
966: \E
1.1 noro 967: @table @code
1.2 noro 968: \BJP
1.1 noro 969: @item @@@var{n}
970: @var{n} $BHVL\$N7W;;7k2L(B.
971: @item @@@@
972: $BD>A0$N7W;;7k2L(B.
973: @item @@i
974: $B5u?tC10L(B.
975: @item @@pi
976: $B1_<~N((B.
977: @item @@e
978: $B<+A3BP?t$NDl(B.
979: @item @@
980: 2 $B85BN(B GF(2) $B>e$N0lJQ?tB?9`<0$NJQ?t(B ($BITDj85(B).
981: @item @@>, @@<, @@>=, @@<=, @@==, @@&&, @@||
982: quantifier elimination $B$K$*$1$k(B, $B0l3,=R8lO@M}1i;;;R(B
1.2 noro 983: \E
984: \BEG
985: @item @@@var{n}
986: The evaluated result of @var{n}-th input command
987: @item @@@@
988: The evaluated result of the last command
989: @item @@i
990: The unit of imaginary number, square root of -1.
991: @item @@pi
992: The number pi,
993: the ratio of a circumference of the circle and its diameter.
994: @item @@e
995: Napier's number, the base of natural logarithm.
996: @item @@
997: A generator of GF(2^m), a finite field of characteristic 2, over GF(2).
998: It is a root of an irreducible univariate polynomial over GF(2)
999: which is set as the defining polynomial of GF(2^m).
1000: @item @@>, @@<, @@>=, @@<=, @@==, @@&&, @@||
1001: Fist order logical operators. They are used in quantifier elimination.
1002: \E
1.1 noro 1003: @end table
1004:
1005: @example
1006: [0] fctr(x^10-1);
1007: [[1,1],[x-1,1],[x+1,1],[x^4+x^3+x^2+x+1,1],[x^4-x^3+x^2-x+1,1]]
1008: [1] @@@@[3];
1009: [x^4+x^3+x^2+x+1,1]
1010: [2] eval(sin(@@pi/2));
1011: 1.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1012: [3] eval(log(@@e),20);
1013: 0.99999999999999999999999999998
1014: [4] @@0[4][0];
1015: x^4-x^3+x^2-x+1
1016: [5] (1+@@i)^5;
1017: (-4-4*@@i)
1018: [6] eval(exp(@@pi*@@i));
1019: -1.0000000000000000000000000000
1020: [7] (@@+1)^9;
1021: (@@^9+@@^8+@@+1)
1022: @end example
1023:
1024: @noindent
1.2 noro 1025: \BJP
1.1 noro 1026: $B%H%C%W%l%Y%k$G7W;;$5$l$?CM$O$3$N$h$&$K%R%9%H%j$H$7$F<h$j=P$72DG=$G$"$k$,(B,
1027: $B$3$N$3$H$O(B, $B%,%Y!<%8%3%l%/%?$K$H$C$F$OIiC4$r$b$?$i$92DG=@-$,$"$k(B. $BFC$K(B,
1028: $BBg$-$J<0$r%H%C%W%l%Y%k$G7W;;$7$?>l9g(B, $B$=$N8e$N(B GC $B;~4V$,5^B.$KA}Bg$9$k2D(B
1029: $BG=@-$,$"$k(B. $B$3$N$h$&$J>l9g(B, @code{delete_history()}
1030: (@pxref{delete_history,,@code{delete_history}}) $B$,M-8z$G$"$k(B.
1.2 noro 1031: \E
1032: \BEG
1033: As you can see in the above example,
1034: results of toplevel computation can be referred to
1035: by @code{@@} convention.
1036: This is convenient for users, while it sometimes imposes a heavy
1037: burden to the garbage collector.
1038: It may happen that GC time will rapidly increase after computing
1039: a very large expression at the toplevel.
1040: In such cases @code{delete_history()}
1041: (@pxref{delete_history,,@code{delete_history}}) takes effect.
1042: \E
1.1 noro 1043:
1044:
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