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Annotation of OpenXM/src/asir-doc/parts/type.texi, Revision 1.1.1.1

1.1       noro        1: @node $B7?(B,,, Top
                      2: @chapter $B7?(B
                      3:
                      4: @menu
                      5: * Asir $B$G;HMQ2DG=$J7?(B::
                      6: * $B?t$N7?(B::
                      7: * $BITDj85$N7?(B::
                      8: @end menu
                      9:
                     10: @node Asir $B$G;HMQ2DG=$J7?(B,,, $B7?(B
                     11: @section @b{Asir} $B$G;HMQ2DG=$J7?(B
                     12:
                     13: @noindent
                     14: @b{Asir} $B$K$*$$$F$O(B, $B2DFI$J7A<0$GF~NO$5$l$?$5$^$6$^$JBP>]$O(B, $B%Q!<%6$K$h$j(B
                     15: $BCf4V8@8l$KJQ49$5$l(B, $B%$%s%?%W%j%?$K$h$j(B @b{Risa} $B$N7W;;%(%s%8%s$r8F$S=P$7(B
                     16: $B$J$,$iFbIt7A<0$KJQ49$5$l$k(B. $BJQ49$5$l$?BP>]$O(B, $B<!$N$$$:$l$+$N7?$r;}$D(B.
                     17: $B3FHV9f$O(B, $BAH$_9~$_H!?t(B @code{type()} $B$K$h$jJV$5$l$kCM$KBP1~$7$F$$$k(B.
                     18: $B3FNc$O(B, @b{Asir} $B$N%W%m%s%W%H$KBP$9$kF~NO$,2DG=$J7A<0$N$$$/$D$+$r(B
                     19: $B<($9(B.
                     20:
                     21: @table @code
                     22: @item 0
                     23: @b{0}
                     24:
                     25: $B<B:]$K$O(B 0 $B$r<1JL;R$K$b$DBP>]$OB8:_$7$J$$(B. 0 $B$O(B, C $B$K$*$1$k(B 0 $B%]%$%s%?$K(B
                     26: $B$h$jI=8=$5$l$F$$$k(B. $B$7$+$7(B, $BJX59>e(B @b{Asir} $B$N(B @code{type(0)} $B$O(B
                     27: $BCM(B 0 $B$rJV$9(B.
                     28:
                     29: @item 1
                     30: @b{$B?t(B}
                     31:
                     32: @example
                     33: 1 2/3  14.5  3+2*@@i
                     34: @end example
                     35:
                     36: $B?t$O(B, $B$5$i$K$$$/$D$+$N7?$KJ,$1$i$l$k(B. $B$3$l$K$D$$$F$O2<$G=R$Y$k(B.
                     37:
                     38: @item 2
                     39: @b{$BB?9`<0(B} ($B?t$G$J$$(B)
                     40:
                     41: @example
                     42: x  afo  (2.3*x+y)^10
                     43: @end example
                     44:
                     45: $BB?9`<0$O(B, $BA4$FE83+$5$l(B, $B$=$N;~E@$K$*$1$kJQ?t=g=x$K=>$C$F(B, $B:F5"E*$K(B
                     46: 1 $BJQ?tB?9`<0$H$7$F9_QQ$N=g$K@0M}$5$l$k(B (@xref{$BJ,;6I=8=B?9`<0(B}).
                     47: $B$3$N;~(B, $B$=$NB?9`<0$K8=$l$k=g=x:GBg$NJQ?t$r(B @b{$B<gJQ?t(B} $B$H8F$V(B.
                     48:
                     49: @item 3
                     50: @b{$BM-M}<0(B} ($BB?9`<0$G$J$$(B)
                     51:
                     52: @example
                     53: (x+1)/(y^2-y-x)  x/x
                     54: @end example
                     55:
                     56: $BM-M}<0$O(B, $BJ,JlJ,;R$,LsJ,2DG=$G$b(B, $BL@<(E*$K(B @code{red()} $B$,8F$P$l$J$$(B
                     57: $B8B$jLsJ,$O9T$o$l$J$$(B. $B$3$l$O(B, $BB?9`<0$N(B GCD $B1i;;$,6K$a$F=E$$1i;;$G$"$k(B
                     58: $B$?$a$G(B, $BM-M}<0$N1i;;$OCm0U$,I,MW$G$"$k(B.
                     59:
                     60: @item 4
                     61: @b{$B%j%9%H(B}
                     62:
                     63: @example
                     64: []  [1,2,[3,4],[x,y]]
                     65: @end example
                     66:
                     67: $B%j%9%H$OFI$_=P$7@lMQ$G$"$k(B. @code{[]} $B$O6u%j%9%H$r0UL#$9$k(B. $B%j%9%H$KBP$9$k(B
                     68: $BA`:n$H$7$F$O(B, @code{car()}, @code{cdr()}, @code{cons()} $B$J$I$K$h$kA`:n$NB>$K(B,
                     69: $BFI$_=P$7@lMQ$NG[Ns$H$_$J$7$F(B, @code{[@var{index}]} $B$rI,MW$J$@$1$D$1$k$3$H$K$h$j(B
                     70: $BMWAG$N<h$j=P$7$r9T$&$3$H$,$G$-$k(B. $BNc$($P(B
                     71:
                     72: @example
                     73: [0] L = [[1,2,3],[4,[5,6]],7]$
                     74: [1] L[1][1];
                     75: [5,6]
                     76: @end example
                     77:
                     78: $BCm0U$9$Y$-$3$H$O(B, $B%j%9%H(B, $BG[Ns(B ($B9TNs(B, $B%Y%/%H%k(B) $B6&$K(B, $B%$%s%G%C%/%9$O(B
                     79: 0 $B$+$i;O$^$k$3$H$H(B, $B%j%9%H$NMWAG$N<h$j=P$7$r%$%s%G%C%/%9$G9T$&$3$H$O(B,
                     80: $B7k6I$O@hF,$+$i%]%$%s%?$r$?$I$k$3$H$KAjEv$9$k$?$a(B, $BG[Ns$KBP$9$kA`:n$K(B
                     81: $BHf3S$7$FBg$-$J%j%9%H$G$O;~4V$,$+$+$k>l9g$,$"$k$H$$$&$3$H$G$"$k(B.
                     82:
                     83: @item 5
                     84: @b{$B%Y%/%H%k(B}
                     85:
                     86: @example
                     87: newvect(3)  newvect(2,[a,1])
                     88: @end example
                     89:
                     90: $B%Y%/%H%k$O(B, @code{newvect()} $B$GL@<(E*$K@8@.$9$kI,MW$,$"$k(B. $BA0<T$NNc$G(B
                     91: $B$O(B2 $B@.J,$N(B 0 $B%Y%/%H%k$,@8@.$5$l(B, $B8e<T$G$O(B, $BBh(B 0 $B@.J,$,(B @code{a}, $BBh(B 1
                     92: $B@.J,$,(B @code{1} $B$N%Y%/%H%k$,@8@.$5$l$k(B. $B=i4|2=$N$?$a$N(B $BBh(B 2 $B0z?t$O(B, $BBh(B
                     93: 1 $B0z?t0J2<$ND9$5$N%j%9%H$r<u$1IU$1$k(B. $B%j%9%H$NMWAG$O:8$+$iMQ$$$i$l(B, $BB-(B
                     94: $B$j$J$$J,$O(B 0 $B$,Jd$o$l$k(B. $B@.J,$O(B @code{[@var{index}]} $B$K$h$j<h$j=P$;$k(B. $B<B:](B
                     95: $B$K$O(B, $B3F@.J,$K(B, $B%Y%/%H%k(B, $B9TNs(B, $B%j%9%H$r4^$`G$0U$N7?$NBP>]$rBeF~$G$-$k(B
                     96: $B$N$G(B, $BB?<!85G[Ns$r%Y%/%H%k$GI=8=$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k(B.
                     97:
                     98: @example
                     99: [0] A3 = newvect(3);
                    100: [ 0 0 0 ]
                    101: [1] for (I=0;I<3;I++)A3[I] = newvect(3);
                    102: [2] for (I=0;I<3;I++)for(J=0;J<3;J++)A3[I][J]=newvect(3);
                    103: [3] A3;
                    104: [ [ [ 0 0 0 ] [ 0 0 0 ] [ 0 0 0 ] ] [ [ 0 0 0 ] [ 0 0 0 ] [ 0 0 0 ] ] [ [ 0 0 0 ] [ 0 0 0 ] [ 0 0 0 ] ] ]
                    105: [4] A3[0];
                    106: [ [ 0 0 0 ] [ 0 0 0 ] [ 0 0 0 ] ]
                    107: [5] A3[0][0];
                    108: [ 0 0 0 ]
                    109: @end example
                    110:
                    111: @item 6
                    112: @b{$B9TNs(B}
                    113:
                    114: @example
                    115: newmat(2,2)  newmat(2,3,[[x,y],[z]])
                    116: @end example
                    117:
                    118: $B9TNs$N@8@.$b(B @code{newmat()} $B$K$h$jL@<(E*$K9T$o$l$k(B. $B=i4|2=$b(B, $B0z?t(B
                    119: $B$,%j%9%H$N%j%9%H$H$J$k$3$H$r=|$$$F$O%Y%/%H%k$HF1MM$G(B, $B%j%9%H$N3FMWAG(B
                    120: ($B$3$l$O$^$?%j%9%H$G$"$k(B) $B$O(B, $B3F9T$N=i4|2=$K;H$o$l(B, $BB-$j$J$$ItJ,$K$O(B
                    121: 0 $B$,Kd$a$i$l$k(B. $B9TNs$b(B, $B3FMWAG$K$OG$0U$NBP>]$rBeF~$G$-$k(B. $B9TNs$N3F(B
                    122: $B9T$O(B, $B%Y%/%H%k$H$7$F<h$j=P$9$3$H$,$G$-$k(B.
                    123:
                    124: @example
                    125: [0] M=newmat(2,3);
                    126: [ 0 0 0 ]
                    127: [ 0 0 0 ]
                    128: [1] M[1];
                    129: [ 0 0 0 ]
                    130: [2] type(@@@@);
                    131: 5
                    132: @end example
                    133:
                    134: @item 7
                    135: @b{$BJ8;zNs(B}
                    136:
                    137: @example
                    138: ""  "afo"
                    139: @end example
                    140:
                    141: $BJ8;zNs$O(B, $B<g$K%U%!%$%kL>$J$I$KMQ$$$i$l$k(B. $BJ8;zNs$KBP$7$F$O2C;;$N$_$,(B
                    142: $BDj5A$5$l$F$$$F(B, $B7k2L$O(B 2 $B$D$NJ8;zNs$N7k9g$G$"$k(B.
                    143:
                    144: @example
                    145: [0] "afo"+"take";
                    146: afotake
                    147: @end example
                    148: @item 8
                    149: @b{$B9=B$BN(B}
                    150:
                    151: @example
                    152: newstruct(afo)
                    153: @end example
                    154:
                    155: $B9=B$BN$K4X$7$F$O(B, $B>O$r2~$a$F2r@b$9$kM=Dj$G$"$k(B.
                    156:
                    157: @item 9
                    158: @b{$BJ,;6I=8=B?9`<0(B}
                    159:
                    160: @example
                    161: 2*<<0,1,2,3>>-3*<<1,2,3,4>>
                    162: @end example
                    163:
                    164: $B$3$l$O(B, $B$[$H$s$I%0%l%V%J4pDl@lMQ$N7?$G(B, $BDL>o$N7W;;$G$3$N7?$,I,MW$H(B
                    165: $B$J$k$3$H$O$^$:$J$$$,(B, $B%0%l%V%J4pDl7W;;%Q%C%1!<%8<+BN$,%f!<%68@8l(B
                    166: $B$G=q$+$l$F$$$k$?$a(B, $B%f!<%6$,A`:n$G$-$k$h$&FHN)$7$?7?$H$7$F(B  @b{Asir}
                    167: $B$G;HMQ$G$-$k$h$&$K$7$F$"$k(B. $B$3$l$K$D$$$F$O(B @xref{$B%0%l%V%J4pDl$N7W;;(B}.
                    168:
                    169: @item 10
                    170: @b{$BId9f$J$7%^%7%s(B 32bit $B@0?t(B}
                    171:
                    172: @item 11
                    173: @b{$B%(%i!<%*%V%8%'%/%H(B}
                    174:
                    175: $B0J>eFs$D$O(B, Open XM $B$K$*$$$FMQ$$$i$l$kFC<l%*%V%8%'%/%H$G$"$k(B.
                    176:
                    177: @item 12
                    178: @b{GF(2) $B>e$N9TNs(B}
                    179:
                    180: $B8=:_(B, $BI8?t(B 2 $B$NM-8BBN$K$*$1$k4pDlJQ49$N$?$a$N%*%V%8%'%/%H$H$7$FMQ$$$i$l(B
                    181: $B$k(B.
                    182:
                    183: @item 13
                    184: @b{MATHCAP $B%*%V%8%'%/%H(B}
                    185:
                    186: Open XM $B$K$*$$$F(B, $B<BAu$5$l$F$$$k5!G=$rAw<u?.$9$k$?$a$N%*%V%8%'%/%H$G$"$k(B.
                    187:
                    188: @item 14
                    189: @b{first order formula}
                    190:
                    191: quantifier elimination $B$GMQ$$$i$l$k0l3,=R8lO@M}<0(B.
                    192: @end table
                    193:
                    194: @node $B?t$N7?(B,,, $B7?(B
                    195: @section $B?t$N7?(B
                    196:
                    197: @table @code
                    198: @item 0
                    199: @b{$BM-M}?t(B}
                    200:
                    201: $BM-M}?t$O(B, $BG$0UB?G\D9@0?t(B (@b{bignum}) $B$K$h$j<B8=$5$l$F$$$k(B. $BM-M}?t$O>o$K(B
                    202: $B4{LsJ,?t$GI=8=$5$l$k(B.
                    203:
                    204: @item 1
                    205: @b{$BG\@:EYIbF0>.?t(B}
                    206:
                    207: $B%^%7%s$NDs6!$9$kG\@:EYIbF0>.?t$G$"$k(B. @b{Asir} $B$N5/F0;~$K$O(B,
                    208: $BDL>o$N7A<0$GF~NO$5$l$?IbF0>.?t$O$3$N7?$KJQ49$5$l$k(B. $B$?$@$7(B,
                    209: @code{ctrl()} $B$K$h$j(B @b{bigfloat} $B$,A*Br$5$l$F$$$k>l9g$K$O(B
                    210: @b{bigfloat} $B$KJQ49$5$l$k(B.
                    211:
                    212: @example
                    213: [0] 1.2;
                    214: 1.2
                    215: [1] 1.2e-1000;
                    216: 0
                    217: [2] ctrl("bigfloat",1);
                    218: 1
                    219: [3] 1.2e-1000;
                    220: 1.20000000000000000513 E-1000
                    221: @end example
                    222:
                    223: $BG\@:EYIbF0>.?t$HM-M}?t$N1i;;$O(B, $BM-M}?t$,IbF0>.?t$KJQ49$5$l$F(B,
                    224: $BIbF0>.?t$H$7$F1i;;$5$l$k(B.
                    225:
                    226: @item 2
                    227: @b{$BBe?tE*?t(B}
                    228:
                    229: @xref{$BBe?tE*?t$K4X$9$k1i;;(B}.
                    230:
                    231: @item 3
                    232: @b{bigfloat}
                    233:
                    234: @b{bigfloat} $B$O(B, @b{Asir} $B$G$O(B @b{PARI} $B%i%$%V%i%j$K$h$j(B
                    235: $B<B8=$5$l$F$$$k(B. @b{PARI} $B$K$*$$$F$O(B, @b{bigfloat} $B$O(B, $B2>?tIt(B
                    236: $B$N$_G$0UB?G\D9$G(B, $B;X?tIt$O(B 1 $B%o!<%I0JFb$N@0?t$K8B$i$l$F$$$k(B.
                    237: @code{ctrl()} $B$G(B @b{bigfloat} $B$rA*Br$9$k$3$H$K$h$j(B, $B0J8e$NIbF0>.?t(B
                    238: $B$NF~NO$O(B @b{bigfloat} $B$H$7$F07$o$l$k(B. $B@:EY$O%G%U%)%k%H$G$O(B
                    239: 10 $B?J(B 9 $B7eDxEY$G$"$k$,(B, @code{setprec()} $B$K$h$j;XDj2DG=$G$"$k(B.
                    240:
                    241: @example
                    242: [0] ctrl("bigfloat",1);
                    243: 1
                    244: [1] eval(2^(1/2));
                    245: 1.414213562373095048763788073031
                    246: [2] setprec(100);
                    247: 9
                    248: [3] eval(2^(1/2));
                    249: 1.41421356237309504880168872420969807856967187537694807317654396116148
                    250: @end example
                    251:
                    252: @code{eval()} $B$O(B, $B0z?t$K4^$^$l$kH!?tCM$r2DG=$J8B$j?tCM2=$9$kH!?t$G$"$k(B.
                    253: @code{setprec()} $B$G;XDj$5$l$?7e?t$O(B, $B7k2L$N@:EY$rJ]>Z$9$k$b$N$G$O$J$/(B,
                    254: @b{PARI} $BFbIt$GMQ$$$i$l$kI=8=$N%5%$%:$r<($9$3$H$KCm0U$9$Y$-$G$"$k(B.
                    255: (@ref{eval}, @xref{pari})
                    256:
                    257: @item 4
                    258: @b{$BJ#AG?t(B}
                    259:
                    260: $BJ#AG?t$O(B, $BM-M}?t(B, $BG\@:EYIbF0>.?t(B, @b{bigfloat} $B$r<BIt(B, $B5uIt$H$7$F(B
                    261: @code{a+b*@@i} (@@i $B$O5u?tC10L(B) $B$H$7$FM?$($i$l$k?t$G$"$k(B. $B<BIt(B, $B5uIt$O(B
                    262: $B$=$l$>$l(B @code{real()}, @code{imag()} $B$G<h$j=P$;$k(B.
                    263:
                    264: @item 5
                    265: @b{$B>.I8?t$NM-8BAGBN$N85(B}
                    266:
                    267: $B$3$3$G8@$&>.I8?t$H$O(B, $BI8?t$,(B 2^27 $BL$K~$N$b$N$N$3$H$G$"$k(B. $B$3$N$h$&$JM-8B(B
                    268: $BBN$O(B, $B8=:_$N$H$3$m%0%l%V%J4pDl7W;;$K$*$$$FFbItE*$KMQ$$$i$l(B, $BM-8BBN78?t$N(B
                    269: $BJ,;6I=8=B?9`<0$N78?t$r<h$j=P$9$3$H$GF@$i$l$k(B. $B$=$l<+?H$OB0$9$kM-8BBN$K4X(B
                    270: $B$9$k>pJs$O;}$?$:(B, @code{setmod()} $B$G@_Dj$5$l$F$$$kAG?t(B @var{p} $B$rMQ$$$F(B
                    271: GF(@var{p}) $B>e$G$N1i;;$,E,MQ$5$l$k(B.
                    272:
                    273: @item 6
                    274: @b{$BBgI8?t$NM-8BAGBN$N85(B}
                    275:
                    276: $BI8?t$H$7$FG$0U$NAG?t$,$H$l$k(B.
                    277: $B$3$N7?$N?t$O(B, $B@0?t$KBP$7(B@code{simp_ff} $B$rE,MQ$9$k$3$H$K$h$jF@$i$l$k(B.
                    278:
                    279:
                    280: @item 7
                    281: @b{$BI8?t(B 2 $B$NM-8BBN$N85(B}
                    282:
                    283: $BI8?t(B 2 $B$NG$0U$NM-8BBN$N85$rI=8=$9$k(B. $BI8?t(B 2 $B$NM-8BBN(B F $B$O(B, $B3HBg<!?t(B
                    284: [F:GF(2)] $B$r(B n $B$H$9$l$P(B, GF(2) $B>e4{Ls$J(B n $B<!B?9`<0(B f(t) $B$K$h$j(B
                    285: F=GF(2)[t]/(f(t)) $B$H$"$i$o$5$l$k(B. $B$5$i$K(B, GF(2)[t] $B$N85(B g $B$O(B, f(t)
                    286: $B$b4^$a$F<+A3$J;EJ}$G%S%C%HNs$H$_$J$5$l$k$?$a(B, $B7A<0>e$O(B, F $B$N85$O(B,
                    287: g mod f $B$O(B, g, f  $B$r$"$i$o$9(B 2 $B$D$N%S%C%HNs$GI=8=$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k(B.
                    288:
                    289: F $B$N85$rF~NO$9$k$$$/$D$+$NJ}K!$,MQ0U$5$l$F$$$k(B.
                    290:
                    291: @itemize @bullet
                    292: @item
                    293: @code{@@}
                    294:
                    295: @code{@@} $B$O$=$N8e$m$K?t;z(B, $BJ8;z$rH<$C$F(B, $B%R%9%H%j$dFC<l$J?t$r$"$i$o$9$,(B,
                    296: $BC1FH$G8=$l$?>l9g$K$O(B, F=GF(2)[t]/(f(t)) $B$K$*$1$k(B t mod f $B$r$"$i$o$9(B.
                    297: $B$h$C$F(B, @@ $B$NB?9`<0$H$7$F(B F $B$N85$rF~NO$G$-$k(B. (@@^10+@@+1 $B$J$I(B)
                    298:
                    299: @item
                    300: @code{ptogf2n}
                    301:
                    302: $BG$0UJQ?t$N(B 1 $BJQ?tB?9`<0$r(B, @code{ptogf2n} $B$K$h$jBP1~$9$k(B F $B$N85$KJQ49$9$k(B.
                    303:
                    304: @item
                    305: @code{ntogf2n}
                    306:
                    307: $BG$0U$N<+A3?t$r(B, $B<+A3$J;EJ}$G(B F $B$N85$H$_$J$9(B. $B<+A3?t$H$7$F$O(B, 10 $B?J(B,
                    308: 16 $B?J(B (0x $B$G;O$^$k(B), 2 $B?J(B (0b $B$G;O$^$k(B) $B$GF~NO$,2DG=$G$"$k(B.
                    309:
                    310: @item
                    311: @code{$B$=$NB>(B}
                    312:
                    313: $BB?9`<0$N78?t$r4]$4$H(B F $B$N85$KJQ49$9$k$h$&$J>l9g(B, @code{simp_ff}
                    314: $B$K$h$jJQ49$G$-$k(B.
                    315:
                    316: @end itemize
                    317: @end table
                    318:
                    319: $BBgI8?tAGBN$NI8?t(B, $BI8?t(B 2 $B$NM-8BBN$NDj5AB?9`<0$O(B, @code{setmod_ff}
                    320: $B$G@_Dj$9$k(B.
                    321: $BM-8BBN$N85$I$&$7$N1i;;$G$O(B, @code{setmod_ff} $B$K$h$j@_Dj$5$l$F$$$k(B
                    322: modulus $B$G(B, $BB0$9$kBN$,J,$+$j(B, $B$=$NCf$G1i;;$,9T$o$l$k(B.
                    323: $B0lJ}$,M-M}?t$N>l9g$K$O(B, $B$=$NM-M}?t$O<+F0E*$K8=:_@_Dj$5$l$F$$$k(B
                    324: $BM-8BBN$N85$KJQ49$5$l(B, $B1i;;$,9T$o$l$k(B.
                    325:
                    326: @node $BITDj85$N7?(B,,, $B7?(B
                    327: @section $BITDj85$N7?(B
                    328:
                    329: @noindent
                    330: $BB?9`<0$NJQ?t$H$J$jF@$kBP>]$r(B@b{$BITDj85(B}$B$H$h$V(B. @b{Asir} $B$G$O(B,
                    331: $B1Q>.J8;z$G;O$^$j(B, $BG$0U8D$N%"%k%U%!%Y%C%H(B, $B?t;z(B, @samp{_} $B$+$i$J$kJ8;zNs(B
                    332: $B$rITDj85$H$7$F07$&$,(B, $B$=$NB>$K$b%7%9%F%`$K$h$jITDj85$H$7$F07$o$l$k$b$N(B
                    333: $B$,$$$/$D$+$"$k(B. @b{Asir} $B$NFbIt7A<0$H$7$F$O(B, $B$3$l$i$OA4$FB?9`<0$H$7$F$N(B
                    334: $B7?$r;}$D$,(B, $B?t$HF1MM(B, $BITDj85$N7?$K$h$j6hJL$5$l$k(B.
                    335:
                    336: @table @code
                    337: @item 0
                    338: @b{$B0lHLITDj85(B}
                    339:
                    340: $B1Q>.J8;z$G;O$^$kJ8;zNs(B. $BB?9`<0$NJQ?t$H$7$F:G$bIaDL$KMQ$$$i$l$k(B.
                    341:
                    342: @example
                    343: [0] [vtype(a),vtype(aA_12)];
                    344: [0,0]
                    345: @end example
                    346:
                    347: @item 1
                    348: @b{$BL$Dj78?t(B}
                    349:
                    350: @code{uc()} $B$O(B, @samp{_} $B$G;O$^$kJ8;zNs$rL>A0$H$9$kITDj85$r@8@.$9$k(B.
                    351: $B$3$l$i$O(B, $B%f!<%6$,F~NO$G$-$J$$$H$$$&$@$1$G(B, $B0lHLITDj85$HJQ$o$i$J$$$,(B,
                    352: $B%f!<%6$,F~NO$7$?ITDj85$H>WFM$7$J$$$H$$$&@-<A$rMxMQ$7$FL$Dj78?t$N(B
                    353: $B<+F0@8@.$J$I$KMQ$$$k$3$H$,$G$-$k(B.
                    354:
                    355: @example
                    356: [1] U=uc();
                    357: _0
                    358: [2] vtype(U);
                    359: 1
                    360: @end example
                    361:
                    362: @item 2
                    363: @b{$BH!?t7A<0(B}
                    364:
                    365: $BAH$_9~$_H!?t(B, $B%f!<%6H!?t$N8F$S=P$7$O(B, $BI>2A$5$l$F2?$i$+$N(B @b{Asir} $B$N(B
                    366: $BFbIt7A<0$KJQ49$5$l$k$,(B, @code{sin(x)}, @code{cos(x+1)} $B$J$I$O(B, $BI>2A8e(B
                    367: $B$b$=$N$^$^$N7A$GB8:_$9$k(B. $B$3$l$OH!?t7A<0$H8F$P$l(B, $B$=$l<+?H$,(B 1 $B$D$N(B
                    368: $BITDj85$H$7$F07$o$l$k(B. $B$^$?$d$dFC<l$JNc$H$7$F(B, $B1_<~N((B @code{@@pi} $B$d(B
                    369: $B<+A3BP?t$NDl(B @code{@@e} $B$bH!?t7A<0$H$7$F07$o$l$k(B.
                    370:
                    371: @example
                    372: [3] V=sin(x);
                    373: sin(x)
                    374: [4] vtype(V);
                    375: 2
                    376: [5] vars(V^2+V+1);
                    377: [sin(x)]
                    378: @end example
                    379:
                    380: @item 3
                    381: @b{$BH!?t;R(B}
                    382:
                    383: $BH!?t8F$S=P$7$O(B, @var{fname(args)} $B$H$$$&7A$G9T$J$o$l$k$,(B, @var{fname} $B$N(B
                    384: $BItJ,$rH!?t;R$H8F$V(B. $BH!?t;R$K$O(B, $BH!?t$N<oN`$K$h$jAH$_9~$_H!?t;R(B,
                    385: $B%f!<%6Dj5AH!?t;R(B, $B=iEyH!?t;R$J$I$,$"$k$,(B, $BH!?t;R$OC1FH$GITDj85$H$7$F(B
                    386: $B5!G=$9$k(B.
                    387:
                    388: @example
                    389: [6] vtype(sin);
                    390: 3
                    391: @end example
                    392: @end table
                    393: