Annotation of OpenXM_contrib/gmp/gmp.info-8, Revision 1.1
1.1 ! ohara 1: This is gmp.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.2 from gmp.texi.
! 2:
! 3: This manual describes how to install and use the GNU multiple precision
! 4: arithmetic library, version 4.1.2.
! 5:
! 6: Copyright 1991, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
! 7: 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
! 8:
! 9: Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
! 10: document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version
! 11: 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
! 12: with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover Texts being "A GNU
! 13: Manual", and with the Back-Cover Texts being "You have freedom to copy
! 14: and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software". A copy of the license
! 15: is included in *Note GNU Free Documentation License::.
! 16: INFO-DIR-SECTION GNU libraries
! 17: START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
! 18: * gmp: (gmp). GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library.
! 19: END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
! 20:
! 21:
! 22: File: gmp.info, Node: GNU Free Documentation License, Next: Concept Index, Prev: References, Up: Top
! 23:
! 24: GNU Free Documentation License
! 25: ******************************
! 26:
! 27: Version 1.1, March 2000
! 28: Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
! 29: 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA
! 30:
! 31: Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
! 32: of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
! 33:
! 34: 0. PREAMBLE
! 35:
! 36: The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
! 37: written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone
! 38: the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
! 39: modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily,
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! 42: modifications made by others.
! 43:
! 44: This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
! 45: works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.
! 46: It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
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! 48:
! 49: We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for
! 50: free software, because free software needs free documentation: a
! 51: free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms
! 52: that the software does. But this License is not limited to
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! 54: of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book.
! 55: We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is
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! 57:
! 58: 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
! 59:
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! 279:
! 280: 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
! 281:
! 282: You may combine the Document with other documents released under
! 283: this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for
! 284: modified versions, provided that you include in the combination
! 285: all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents,
! 286: unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
! 287: combined work in its license notice.
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! 300: "History" in the various original documents, forming one section
! 301: entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections entitled
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! 303: must delete all sections entitled "Endorsements."
! 304:
! 305: 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
! 306:
! 307: You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
! 308: documents released under this License, and replace the individual
! 309: copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy
! 310: that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the
! 311: rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the
! 312: documents in all other respects.
! 313:
! 314: You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
! 315: distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert
! 316: a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow
! 317: this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of
! 318: that document.
! 319:
! 320: 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
! 321:
! 322: A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other
! 323: separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of
! 324: a storage or distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a
! 325: Modified Version of the Document, provided no compilation
! 326: copyright is claimed for the compilation. Such a compilation is
! 327: called an "aggregate", and this License does not apply to the
! 328: other self-contained works thus compiled with the Document, on
! 329: account of their being thus compiled, if they are not themselves
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! 336: aggregate. Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole
! 337: aggregate.
! 338:
! 339: 8. TRANSLATION
! 340:
! 341: Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
! 342: distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section
! 343: 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
! 344: permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
! 345: translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
! 346: original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
! 347: translation of this License provided that you also include the
! 348: original English version of this License. In case of a
! 349: disagreement between the translation and the original English
! 350: version of this License, the original English version will prevail.
! 351:
! 352: 9. TERMINATION
! 353:
! 354: You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
! 355: except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other
! 356: attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is
! 357: void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this
! 358: License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights,
! 359: from you under this License will not have their licenses
! 360: terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
! 361:
! 362: 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
! 363:
! 364: The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of
! 365: the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
! 366: versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
! 367: differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
! 368: `http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/'.
! 369:
! 370: Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version
! 371: number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered
! 372: version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you
! 373: have the option of following the terms and conditions either of
! 374: that specified version or of any later version that has been
! 375: published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If
! 376: the Document does not specify a version number of this License,
! 377: you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the
! 378: Free Software Foundation.
! 379:
! 380: ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
! 381: ====================================================
! 382:
! 383: To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
! 384: the License in the document and put the following copyright and license
! 385: notices just after the title page:
! 386:
! 387: Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME.
! 388: Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
! 389: under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
! 390: or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
! 391: with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
! 392: Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
! 393: A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
! 394: Free Documentation License''.
! 395:
! 396: If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections"
! 397: instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no Front-Cover
! 398: Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of "Front-Cover Texts being
! 399: LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover Texts.
! 400:
! 401: If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
! 402: recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
! 403: free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to
! 404: permit their use in free software.
! 405:
! 406:
! 407: File: gmp.info, Node: Concept Index, Next: Function Index, Prev: GNU Free Documentation License, Up: Top
! 408:
! 409: Concept Index
! 410: *************
! 411:
! 412: * Menu:
! 413:
! 414: * ABI: ABI and ISA.
! 415: * About this manual: Introduction to GMP.
! 416: * Algorithms: Algorithms.
! 417: * alloca: Build Options.
! 418: * Allocation of memory: Custom Allocation.
! 419: * Anonymous FTP of latest version: Introduction to GMP.
! 420: * Application Binary Interface: ABI and ISA.
! 421: * Arithmetic functions <1>: Rational Arithmetic.
! 422: * Arithmetic functions <2>: Integer Arithmetic.
! 423: * Arithmetic functions: Float Arithmetic.
! 424: * Assignment functions <1>: Assigning Floats.
! 425: * Assignment functions: Assigning Integers.
! 426: * Autoconf detections: Autoconf.
! 427: * Basics: GMP Basics.
! 428: * Berkeley MP compatible functions: BSD Compatible Functions.
! 429: * Binomial coefficient functions: Number Theoretic Functions.
! 430: * Bit manipulation functions: Integer Logic and Bit Fiddling.
! 431: * Bit shift left: Integer Arithmetic.
! 432: * Bit shift right: Integer Division.
! 433: * Bits per limb: Useful Macros and Constants.
! 434: * BSD MP compatible functions: BSD Compatible Functions.
! 435: * Bug reporting: Reporting Bugs.
! 436: * Build notes for binary packaging: Notes for Package Builds.
! 437: * Build notes for particular systems: Notes for Particular Systems.
! 438: * Build options: Build Options.
! 439: * Build problems known: Known Build Problems.
! 440: * Building GMP: Installing GMP.
! 441: * C++ Interface: C++ Class Interface.
! 442: * C++ istream input: C++ Formatted Input.
! 443: * C++ ostream output: C++ Formatted Output.
! 444: * Comparison functions <1>: Comparing Rationals.
! 445: * Comparison functions <2>: Integer Comparisons.
! 446: * Comparison functions: Float Comparison.
! 447: * Compatibility with older versions: Compatibility with older versions.
! 448: * Conditions for copying GNU MP: Copying.
! 449: * Configuring GMP: Installing GMP.
! 450: * Constants: Useful Macros and Constants.
! 451: * Contributors: Contributors.
! 452: * Conventions for parameters: Parameter Conventions.
! 453: * Conventions for variables: Variable Conventions.
! 454: * Conversion functions <1>: Converting Integers.
! 455: * Conversion functions <2>: Converting Floats.
! 456: * Conversion functions: Rational Conversions.
! 457: * Copying conditions: Copying.
! 458: * CPUs supported: Introduction to GMP.
! 459: * Custom allocation: Custom Allocation.
! 460: * Debugging: Debugging.
! 461: * Demonstration programs: Demonstration Programs.
! 462: * DESTDIR: Known Build Problems.
! 463: * Division algorithms: Division Algorithms.
! 464: * Division functions <1>: Integer Division.
! 465: * Division functions <2>: Rational Arithmetic.
! 466: * Division functions: Float Arithmetic.
! 467: * Efficiency: Efficiency.
! 468: * Emacs: Emacs.
! 469: * Exact division functions: Integer Division.
! 470: * Example programs: Demonstration Programs.
! 471: * Exponentiation functions <1>: Float Arithmetic.
! 472: * Exponentiation functions: Integer Exponentiation.
! 473: * Export: Integer Import and Export.
! 474: * Extended GCD: Number Theoretic Functions.
! 475: * Factorial functions: Number Theoretic Functions.
! 476: * FDL, GNU Free Documentation License: GNU Free Documentation License.
! 477: * Fibonacci sequence functions: Number Theoretic Functions.
! 478: * Float arithmetic functions: Float Arithmetic.
! 479: * Float assignment functions: Assigning Floats.
! 480: * Float comparison functions: Float Comparison.
! 481: * Float conversion functions: Converting Floats.
! 482: * Float functions: Floating-point Functions.
! 483: * Float init and assign functions: Simultaneous Float Init & Assign.
! 484: * Float initialization functions: Initializing Floats.
! 485: * Float input and output functions: I/O of Floats.
! 486: * Float miscellaneous functions: Miscellaneous Float Functions.
! 487: * Float sign tests: Float Comparison.
! 488: * Floating-point functions: Floating-point Functions.
! 489: * Floating-point number: Nomenclature and Types.
! 490: * Formatted input: Formatted Input.
! 491: * Formatted output: Formatted Output.
! 492: * FTP of latest version: Introduction to GMP.
! 493: * Function classes: Function Classes.
! 494: * GMP version number: Useful Macros and Constants.
! 495: * gmp.h: Headers and Libraries.
! 496: * gmpxx.h: C++ Interface General.
! 497: * GNU Free Documentation License: GNU Free Documentation License.
! 498: * Greatest common divisor algorithms: Greatest Common Divisor Algorithms.
! 499: * Greatest common divisor functions: Number Theoretic Functions.
! 500: * Headers: Headers and Libraries.
! 501: * Home page: Introduction to GMP.
! 502: * I/O functions <1>: I/O of Integers.
! 503: * I/O functions <2>: I/O of Floats.
! 504: * I/O functions: I/O of Rationals.
! 505: * Import: Integer Import and Export.
! 506: * Initialization and assignment functions <1>: Initializing Rationals.
! 507: * Initialization and assignment functions <2>: Simultaneous Integer Init & Assign.
! 508: * Initialization and assignment functions: Simultaneous Float Init & Assign.
! 509: * Initialization functions <1>: Initializing Integers.
! 510: * Initialization functions: Initializing Floats.
! 511: * Input functions <1>: I/O of Floats.
! 512: * Input functions <2>: I/O of Rationals.
! 513: * Input functions: I/O of Integers.
! 514: * Installing GMP: Installing GMP.
! 515: * Instruction Set Architecture: ABI and ISA.
! 516: * Integer: Nomenclature and Types.
! 517: * Integer arithmetic functions: Integer Arithmetic.
! 518: * Integer assignment functions: Assigning Integers.
! 519: * Integer bit manipulation functions: Integer Logic and Bit Fiddling.
! 520: * Integer comparison functions: Integer Comparisons.
! 521: * Integer conversion functions: Converting Integers.
! 522: * Integer division functions: Integer Division.
! 523: * Integer exponentiation functions: Integer Exponentiation.
! 524: * Integer export: Integer Import and Export.
! 525: * Integer functions: Integer Functions.
! 526: * Integer import: Integer Import and Export.
! 527: * Integer init and assign: Simultaneous Integer Init & Assign.
! 528: * Integer initialization functions: Initializing Integers.
! 529: * Integer input and output functions: I/O of Integers.
! 530: * Integer miscellaneous functions: Miscellaneous Integer Functions.
! 531: * Integer random number functions: Integer Random Numbers.
! 532: * Integer root functions: Integer Roots.
! 533: * Integer sign tests: Integer Comparisons.
! 534: * Introduction: Introduction to GMP.
! 535: * ISA: ABI and ISA.
! 536: * istream input: C++ Formatted Input.
! 537: * Jacobi symbol functions: Number Theoretic Functions.
! 538: * Kronecker symbol functions: Number Theoretic Functions.
! 539: * Latest version of GMP: Introduction to GMP.
! 540: * Least common multiple functions: Number Theoretic Functions.
! 541: * Libraries: Headers and Libraries.
! 542: * Libtool versioning: Notes for Package Builds.
! 543: * License conditions: Copying.
! 544: * Limb: Nomenclature and Types.
! 545: * Limb size: Useful Macros and Constants.
! 546: * Linking: Headers and Libraries.
! 547: * Logical functions: Integer Logic and Bit Fiddling.
! 548: * Low-level functions: Low-level Functions.
! 549: * Lucas number functions: Number Theoretic Functions.
! 550: * Mailing lists: Introduction to GMP.
! 551: * Memory allocation: Custom Allocation.
! 552: * Memory Management: Memory Management.
! 553: * Miscellaneous float functions: Miscellaneous Float Functions.
! 554: * Miscellaneous integer functions: Miscellaneous Integer Functions.
! 555: * Modular inverse functions: Number Theoretic Functions.
! 556: * mp.h: BSD Compatible Functions.
! 557: * MPFR: Build Options.
! 558: * mpfrxx.h: C++ Interface MPFR.
! 559: * Multi-threading: Reentrancy.
! 560: * Multiplication algorithms: Multiplication Algorithms.
! 561: * Nails: Low-level Functions.
! 562: * Nomenclature: Nomenclature and Types.
! 563: * Number theoretic functions: Number Theoretic Functions.
! 564: * Numerator and denominator: Applying Integer Functions.
! 565: * ostream output: C++ Formatted Output.
! 566: * Output functions <1>: I/O of Integers.
! 567: * Output functions <2>: I/O of Floats.
! 568: * Output functions: I/O of Rationals.
! 569: * Packaged builds: Notes for Package Builds.
! 570: * Parameter conventions: Parameter Conventions.
! 571: * Particular systems: Notes for Particular Systems.
! 572: * perl: Demonstration Programs.
! 573: * Powering algorithms: Powering Algorithms.
! 574: * Powering functions <1>: Float Arithmetic.
! 575: * Powering functions: Integer Exponentiation.
! 576: * Precision of floats: Floating-point Functions.
! 577: * Prime testing functions: Number Theoretic Functions.
! 578: * printf formatted output: Formatted Output.
! 579: * Profiling: Profiling.
! 580: * Radix conversion algorithms: Radix Conversion Algorithms.
! 581: * Random number functions <1>: Random Number Functions.
! 582: * Random number functions: Integer Random Numbers.
! 583: * Random number seeding: Random State Seeding.
! 584: * Random number state: Random State Initialization.
! 585: * Rational arithmetic functions: Rational Arithmetic.
! 586: * Rational comparison functions: Comparing Rationals.
! 587: * Rational conversion functions: Rational Conversions.
! 588: * Rational init and assign: Initializing Rationals.
! 589: * Rational input and output functions: I/O of Rationals.
! 590: * Rational number: Nomenclature and Types.
! 591: * Rational number functions: Rational Number Functions.
! 592: * Rational numerator and denominator: Applying Integer Functions.
! 593: * Rational sign tests: Comparing Rationals.
! 594: * Reentrancy: Reentrancy.
! 595: * References: References.
! 596: * Reporting bugs: Reporting Bugs.
! 597: * Root extraction algorithms: Root Extraction Algorithms.
! 598: * Root extraction functions <1>: Integer Roots.
! 599: * Root extraction functions: Float Arithmetic.
! 600: * Sample programs: Demonstration Programs.
! 601: * scanf formatted input: Formatted Input.
! 602: * Shared library versioning: Notes for Package Builds.
! 603: * Sign tests <1>: Comparing Rationals.
! 604: * Sign tests <2>: Float Comparison.
! 605: * Sign tests: Integer Comparisons.
! 606: * Sparc: Notes for Particular Systems.
! 607: * Stack overflow segfaults: Build Options.
! 608: * Stripped libraries: Known Build Problems.
! 609: * Systems: Notes for Particular Systems.
! 610: * Thread safety: Reentrancy.
! 611: * Types: Nomenclature and Types.
! 612: * Upward compatibility: Compatibility with older versions.
! 613: * Useful macros and constants: Useful Macros and Constants.
! 614: * User-defined precision: Floating-point Functions.
! 615: * Variable conventions: Variable Conventions.
! 616: * Version number: Useful Macros and Constants.
! 617: * Web page: Introduction to GMP.
! 618:
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