/* CPU frequency determination.
Copyright 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of the GNU MP Library.
The GNU MP Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your
option) any later version.
The GNU MP Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public
License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
along with the GNU MP Library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If not, write to
the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston,
MA 02111-1307, USA. */
#include "config.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> /* for getenv, qsort */
#if HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include <unistd.h> /* for sysconf */
#endif
#include <sys/types.h>
#if HAVE_SYS_PARAM_H
#include <sys/param.h> /* for constants needed by NetBSD <sys/sysctl.h> */
#endif
#if HAVE_SYS_SYSCTL_H
#include <sys/sysctl.h> /* for sysctlbyname() */
#endif
#if TIME_WITH_SYS_TIME
# include <sys/time.h> /* for struct timeval */
# include <time.h>
#else
# if HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
# include <sys/time.h>
# else
# include <time.h>
# endif
#endif
#if HAVE_SYS_RESOURCE_H
#include <sys/resource.h> /* for struct rusage */
#endif
#if HAVE_SYS_PROCESSOR_H
#include <sys/processor.h> /* for solaris processor_info_t */
#endif
/* Remove definitions from NetBSD <sys/param.h>, to avoid conflicts with
gmp-impl.h. */
#ifdef MIN
#undef MIN
#endif
#ifdef MAX
#undef MAX
#endif
#include "gmp.h"
#include "gmp-impl.h"
#include "speed.h"
#define HELP(str) \
if (help) \
{ \
printf (" - %s\n", str); \
return 0; \
}
/* GMP_CPU_FREQUENCY environment variable. Should be in Hertz and can be
floating point, for example "450e6". */
static int
freq_environment (int help)
{
char *e;
HELP ("environment variable GMP_CPU_FREQUENCY (in Hertz)");
e = getenv ("GMP_CPU_FREQUENCY");
if (e == NULL)
return 0;
speed_cycletime = 1.0 / atof (e);
if (speed_option_verbose)
printf ("Using GMP_CPU_FREQUENCY %.2f for cycle time %.3g\n",
atof (e), speed_cycletime);
return 1;
}
/* i386 FreeBSD 2.2.8 sysctlbyname machdep.i586_freq is in Hertz.
There's no obvious defines available to get this from plain sysctl. */
static int
freq_sysctlbyname_i586_freq (int help)
{
#if HAVE_SYSCTLBYNAME
unsigned val;
size_t size;
HELP ("sysctlbyname() machdep.i586_freq");
size = sizeof(val);
if (sysctlbyname ("machdep.i586_freq", &val, &size, NULL, 0) == 0
&& size == sizeof(val))
{
if (speed_option_verbose)
printf ("Using sysctlbyname() machdep.i586_freq %u for cycle time %.3g\n",
val, speed_cycletime);
speed_cycletime = 1.0 / (double) val;
return 1;
}
#endif
return 0;
}
/* i368 FreeBSD 3.3 sysctlbyname machdep.tsc_freq is in Hertz.
There's no obvious defines to get this from plain sysctl. */
static int
freq_sysctlbyname_tsc_freq (int help)
{
#if HAVE_SYSCTLBYNAME
unsigned val;
size_t size;
HELP ("sysctlbyname() machdep.tsc_freq");
size = sizeof(val);
if (sysctlbyname ("machdep.tsc_freq", &val, &size, NULL, 0) == 0
&& size == sizeof(val))
{
if (speed_option_verbose)
printf ("Using sysctlbyname() machdep.tsc_freq %u for cycle time %.3g\n",
val, speed_cycletime);
speed_cycletime = 1.0 / (double) val;
return 1;
}
#endif
return 0;
}
/* Apple powerpc Darwin 1.3 sysctl hw.cpufrequency is in hertz. For some
reason only seems to be available from sysctl(), not sysctlbyname(). */
static int
freq_sysctl_hw_cpufrequency (int help)
{
#if HAVE_SYSCTL && defined (CTL_HW) && defined (HW_CPU_FREQ)
int mib[2];
unsigned val;
size_t size;
HELP ("sysctl() hw.cpufrequency");
mib[0] = CTL_HW;
mib[1] = HW_CPU_FREQ;
size = sizeof(val);
if (sysctl (mib, 2, &val, &size, NULL, 0) == 0)
{
if (speed_option_verbose)
printf ("Using sysctl() hw.cpufrequency %u for cycle time %.3g\n",
val, speed_cycletime);
speed_cycletime = 1.0 / (double) val;
return 1;
}
#endif
return 0;
}
/* Alpha FreeBSD 4.1 and NetBSD 1.4 sysctl- hw.model string gives "Digital
AlphaPC 164LX 599 MHz". NetBSD 1.4 doesn't seem to have sysctlbyname, so
sysctl() is used. */
static int
freq_sysctl_hw_model (int help)
{
#if HAVE_SYSCTL && defined (CTL_HW) && defined (HW_MODEL)
int mib[2];
char str[128];
unsigned val;
size_t size;
char *p;
int i;
HELP ("sysctl() hw.model");
mib[0] = CTL_HW;
mib[1] = HW_MODEL;
size = sizeof(str);
if (sysctl (mib, 2, str, &size, NULL, 0) == 0)
{
/* find the second last space */
p = &str[size-1];
for (i = 0; i < 2; i++)
{
for (;;)
{
if (p <= str)
return 0;
p--;
if (*p == ' ')
break;
}
}
if (sscanf (p, "%u MHz", &val) != 1)
return 0;
if (speed_option_verbose)
printf ("Using sysctl() hw.model %u for cycle time %.3g\n",
val, speed_cycletime);
speed_cycletime = 1e-6 / (double) val;
return 1;
}
#endif
return 0;
}
/* /proc/cpuinfo for linux kernel.
Linux doesn't seem to have any system call to get the CPU frequency, at
least not in 2.0.x or 2.2.x, so it's necessary to read /proc/cpuinfo.
i386 2.0.36 - "bogomips" is the CPU frequency.
i386 2.2.13 - has both "cpu MHz" and "bogomips", and it's "cpu MHz" which
is the frequency.
alpha 2.2.5 - "cycle frequency [Hz]" seems to be right, "BogoMIPS" is
very slightly different.
alpha 2.2.18pre21 - "cycle frequency [Hz]" is 0 on at least one system,
"BogoMIPS" seems near enough.
powerpc 2.2.19 - "clock" is the frequency, bogomips is something weird
*/
static int
freq_proc_cpuinfo (int help)
{
FILE *fp;
char buf[128];
double val;
int ret = 0;
HELP ("linux kernel /proc/cpuinfo file, cpu MHz or bogomips");
if ((fp = fopen ("/proc/cpuinfo", "r")) != NULL)
{
while (fgets (buf, sizeof (buf), fp) != NULL)
{
if (sscanf (buf, "cycle frequency [Hz] : %lf", &val) == 1
&& val != 0.0)
{
speed_cycletime = 1.0 / val;
if (speed_option_verbose)
printf ("Using /proc/cpuinfo \"cycle frequency\" %.2f for cycle time %.3g\n", val, speed_cycletime);
ret = 1;
break;
}
if (sscanf (buf, "cpu MHz : %lf\n", &val) == 1)
{
speed_cycletime = 1e-6 / val;
if (speed_option_verbose)
printf ("Using /proc/cpuinfo \"cpu MHz\" %.2f for cycle time %.3g\n", val, speed_cycletime);
ret = 1;
break;
}
if (sscanf (buf, "clock : %lfMHz\n", &val) == 1)
{
speed_cycletime = 1e-6 / val;
if (speed_option_verbose)
printf ("Using /proc/cpuinfo \"clock\" %.2f for cycle time %.3g\n", val, speed_cycletime);
ret = 1;
break;
}
if (sscanf (buf, "bogomips : %lf\n", &val) == 1
|| sscanf (buf, "BogoMIPS : %lf\n", &val) == 1)
{
speed_cycletime = 1e-6 / val;
if (speed_option_verbose)
printf ("Using /proc/cpuinfo \"bogomips\" %.2f for cycle time %.3g\n", val, speed_cycletime);
ret = 1;
break;
}
}
fclose (fp);
}
return ret;
}
/* /bin/sysinfo for SunOS 4.
Prints a line like: cpu0 is a "75 MHz TI,TMS390Z55" CPU */
static int
freq_sunos_sysinfo (int help)
{
int ret = 0;
#if HAVE_POPEN
FILE *fp;
char buf[128];
double val;
HELP ("SunOS /bin/sysinfo program output, cpu0");
/* Error messages are sent to /dev/null in case /bin/sysinfo doesn't
exist. The brackets are necessary for some shells. */
if ((fp = popen ("(/bin/sysinfo) 2>/dev/null", "r")) != NULL)
{
while (fgets (buf, sizeof (buf), fp) != NULL)
{
if (sscanf (buf, " cpu0 is a \"%lf MHz", &val) == 1)
{
speed_cycletime = 1e-6 / val;
if (speed_option_verbose)
printf ("Using /bin/sysinfo \"cpu0 MHz\" %.2f for cycle time %.3g\n", val, speed_cycletime);
ret = 1;
break;
}
}
pclose (fp);
}
#endif
return ret;
}
/* "/etc/hw -r cpu" for SCO OpenUnix 8, printing a line like
The speed of the CPU is approximately 450Mhz */
static int
freq_sco_etchw (int help)
{
int ret = 0;
#if HAVE_POPEN
FILE *fp;
char buf[128];
double val;
HELP ("SCO /etc/hw program output");
/* Error messages are sent to /dev/null in case /etc/hw doesn't exist.
The brackets are necessary for some shells. */
if ((fp = popen ("(/etc/hw -r cpu) 2>/dev/null", "r")) != NULL)
{
while (fgets (buf, sizeof (buf), fp) != NULL)
{
if (sscanf (buf, " The speed of the CPU is approximately %lfMhz",
&val) == 1)
{
speed_cycletime = 1e-6 / val;
if (speed_option_verbose)
printf ("Using /etc/hw %.2f MHz, for cycle time %.3g\n",
val, speed_cycletime);
ret = 1;
break;
}
}
pclose (fp);
}
#endif
return ret;
}
/* "hinv -c processor" for IRIX.
The first line printed is for instance "2 195 MHZ IP27 Processors". */
static int
freq_irix_hinv (int help)
{
int ret = 0;
#if HAVE_POPEN
FILE *fp;
char buf[128];
double val;
int nproc;
HELP ("IRIX \"hinv -c processor\" output");
/* Error messages are sent to /dev/null in case hinv doesn't exist. The
brackets are necessary for some shells. */
if ((fp = popen ("(hinv -c processor) 2>/dev/null", "r")) != NULL)
{
while (fgets (buf, sizeof (buf), fp) != NULL)
{
if (sscanf (buf, "%d %lf MHZ", &nproc, &val) == 2)
{
speed_cycletime = 1e-6 / val;
if (speed_option_verbose)
printf ("Using hinv -c processor \"%.2f MHZ\" for cycle time %.3g\n", val, speed_cycletime);
ret = 1;
break;
}
}
pclose (fp);
}
#endif
return ret;
}
/* FreeBSD on i386 gives a line like the following at bootup, and which can
be read back from /var/run/dmesg.boot.
CPU: AMD Athlon(tm) Processor (755.29-MHz 686-class CPU)
CPU: Pentium 4 (1707.56-MHz 686-class CPU)
This is useful on FreeBSD 4.x, where there's no sysctl machdep.tsc_freq
or machdep.i586_freq.
It's better to use /var/run/dmesg.boot than to run /sbin/dmesg, since the
latter prints the current system message buffer, which is a limited size
and can wrap around if the system is up for a long time. */
static int
freq_bsd_dmesg (int help)
{
FILE *fp;
char buf[256], *p;
double val;
int ret = 0;
HELP ("BSD /var/run/dmesg.boot file");
if ((fp = fopen ("/var/run/dmesg.boot", "r")) != NULL)
{
while (fgets (buf, sizeof (buf), fp) != NULL)
{
if (memcmp (buf, "CPU:", 4) == 0)
{
for (p = buf; *p != '\0'; p++)
{
if (sscanf (p, "(%lf-MHz", &val) == 1)
{
speed_cycletime = 1e-6 / val;
if (speed_option_verbose)
printf ("Using /var/run/dmesg.boot CPU: %.2f MHz for cycle time %.3g\n", val, speed_cycletime);
ret = 1;
break;
}
}
}
}
fclose (fp);
}
return ret;
}
/* processor_info() for Solaris. "psrinfo" is the command-line interface to
this. "prtconf -vp" gives similar information.
Apple Darwin has a processor_info, but in an incompatible style. It
doesn't have <sys/processor.h>, so test for that. */
static int
freq_processor_info (int help)
{
#if HAVE_PROCESSOR_INFO && HAVE_SYS_PROCESSOR_H
processor_info_t p;
int i, n, mhz = 0;
HELP ("processor_info() pi_clock");
n = sysconf (_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
if (processor_info (i, &p) != 0)
continue;
if (p.pi_state != P_ONLINE)
continue;
if (mhz != 0 && p.pi_clock != mhz)
{
fprintf (stderr,
"freq_processor_info(): There's more than one CPU and they have different clock speeds\n");
return 0;
}
mhz = p.pi_clock;
}
speed_cycletime = 1.0e-6 / (double) mhz;
if (speed_option_verbose)
printf ("Using processor_info() %d mhz for cycle time %.3g\n",
mhz, speed_cycletime);
return 1;
#else
return 0;
#endif
}
/* "get" is called repeatedly until it ticks over, just in case on a fast
processor it takes less than a microsecond, though this is probably
unlikely if it's a system call.
speed_cyclecounter is called on the same side of the "get" for the start
and end measurements. It doesn't matter how long it takes from the "get"
sample to the cycles sample, since that period will cancel out in the
difference calculation (assuming it's the same each time).
Letting the test run for more than a process time slice is probably only
going to reduce accuracy, especially for getrusage when the cycle counter
is real time, or for gettimeofday if the cycle counter is in fact process
time. Use CLK_TCK/2 as a reasonable stop.
It'd be desirable to be quite accurate here. The default speed_precision
for a cycle counter is 10000 cycles, so to mix that with getrusage or
gettimeofday the frequency should be at least that accurate. But running
measurements for 10000 microseconds (or more) is too long. Be satisfied
with just a half clock tick (5000 microseconds usually). */
#define FREQ_MEASURE_ONE(name, type, get, sec, usec) \
do { \
type st1, st, et1, et; \
unsigned sc[2], ec[2]; \
long dt, half_tick; \
double dc, cyc; \
\
half_tick = (1000000L / clk_tck()) / 2; \
\
get (st1); \
do { \
get (st); \
} while (usec(st) == usec(st1) && sec(st) == sec(st1)); \
\
speed_cyclecounter (sc); \
\
for (;;) \
{ \
get (et1); \
do { \
get (et); \
} while (usec(et) == usec(et1) && sec(et) == sec(et1)); \
\
speed_cyclecounter (ec); \
\
dc = speed_cyclecounter_diff (ec, sc); \
\
/* allow secs to cancel before multiplying */ \
dt = sec(et) - sec(st); \
dt = dt * 100000L + (usec(et) - usec(st)); \
\
if (dt >= half_tick) \
break; \
} \
\
cyc = dt * 1e-6 / dc; \
\
if (speed_option_verbose >= 2) \
printf ("freq_measure_%s_one() dc=%.6g dt=%ld cyc=%.6g\n", \
name, dc, dt, cyc); \
\
return dt * 1e-6 / dc; \
\
} while (0)
#if HAVE_SPEED_CYCLECOUNTER && HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY
static double
freq_measure_gettimeofday_one (void)
{
#define call_gettimeofday(t) gettimeofday (&(t), NULL)
#define timeval_tv_sec(t) ((t).tv_sec)
#define timeval_tv_usec(t) ((t).tv_usec)
FREQ_MEASURE_ONE ("gettimeofday", struct timeval,
call_gettimeofday, timeval_tv_sec, timeval_tv_usec);
}
#endif
#if HAVE_SPEED_CYCLECOUNTER && HAVE_GETRUSAGE
static double
freq_measure_getrusage_one (void)
{
#define call_getrusage(t) getrusage (0, &(t))
#define rusage_tv_sec(t) ((t).ru_utime.tv_sec)
#define rusage_tv_usec(t) ((t).ru_utime.tv_usec)
FREQ_MEASURE_ONE ("getrusage", struct rusage,
call_getrusage, rusage_tv_sec, rusage_tv_usec);
}
#endif
/* MEASURE_MATCH is how many readings within MEASURE_TOLERANCE of each other
are required. This must be at least 2. */
#define MEASURE_MAX_ATTEMPTS 20
#define MEASURE_TOLERANCE 1.005 /* 0.5% */
#define MEASURE_MATCH 3
static int
freq_measure (const char *name, double (*one) (void))
{
double t[MEASURE_MAX_ATTEMPTS];
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < numberof (t); i++)
{
t[i] = (*one) ();
qsort (t, i+1, sizeof(t[0]), (qsort_function_t) double_cmp_ptr);
if (speed_option_verbose >= 3)
for (j = 0; j <= i; j++)
printf (" t[%d] is %.6g\n", j, t[j]);
for (j = 0; j+MEASURE_MATCH-1 <= i; j++)
{
if (t[j+MEASURE_MATCH-1] <= t[j] * MEASURE_TOLERANCE)
{
/* use the average of the range found */
speed_cycletime = (t[j+MEASURE_MATCH-1] + t[j]) / 2.0;
if (speed_option_verbose)
printf ("Using %s() measured cycle counter %.4g (%.2f MHz)\n",
name, speed_cycletime, 1e-6/speed_cycletime);
return 1;
}
}
}
return 0;
}
static int
freq_measure_getrusage (int help)
{
#if HAVE_SPEED_CYCLECOUNTER && HAVE_GETRUSAGE
if (! getrusage_microseconds_p ())
return 0;
if (! cycles_works_p ())
return 0;
HELP ("cycle counter measured with microsecond getrusage()");
return freq_measure ("getrusage", freq_measure_getrusage_one);
#else
return 0;
#endif
}
static int
freq_measure_gettimeofday (int help)
{
#if HAVE_SPEED_CYCLECOUNTER && HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY
if (! gettimeofday_microseconds_p ())
return 0;
if (! cycles_works_p ())
return 0;
HELP ("cycle counter measured with microsecond gettimeofday()");
return freq_measure ("gettimeofday", freq_measure_gettimeofday_one);
#else
return 0;
#endif
}
/* Each function returns 1 if it succeeds in setting speed_cycletime, or 0
if not.
In general system call tests are first since they're fast, then file
tests, then tests running programs. Necessary exceptions to this rule
are noted. The measuring is last since it's time consuming, and rather
wasteful of cpu. */
static int
freq_all (int help)
{
return
/* This should be first, so an environment variable can override
anything the system gives. */
freq_environment (help)
|| freq_sysctl_hw_model (help)
|| freq_sysctl_hw_cpufrequency (help)
|| freq_sysctlbyname_i586_freq (help)
|| freq_sysctlbyname_tsc_freq (help)
/* SCO openunix 8 puts a dummy pi_clock==16 in processor_info, so be
sure to check /etc/hw before that function. */
|| freq_sco_etchw (help)
|| freq_processor_info (help)
|| freq_proc_cpuinfo (help)
|| freq_bsd_dmesg (help)
|| freq_irix_hinv (help)
|| freq_sunos_sysinfo (help)
|| freq_measure_getrusage (help)
|| freq_measure_gettimeofday (help);
};
void
speed_cycletime_init (void)
{
static int attempted = 0;
if (attempted)
return;
attempted = 1;
if (freq_all (0))
return;
if (speed_option_verbose)
printf ("CPU frequency couldn't be determined\n");
}
void
speed_cycletime_fail (const char *str)
{
fprintf (stderr, "Measuring with: %s\n", speed_time_string);
fprintf (stderr, "%s,\n", str);
fprintf (stderr, "but none of the following are available,\n");
freq_all (1);
abort ();
}
/* speed_time_init leaves speed_cycletime set to either 0.0 or 1.0 when the
CPU frequency is unknown. 0.0 is when the time base is in seconds, so
that's no good if cycles are wanted. 1.0 is when the time base is in
cycles, which conversely is no good if seconds are wanted. */
void
speed_cycletime_need_cycles (void)
{
speed_time_init ();
if (speed_cycletime == 0.0)
speed_cycletime_fail
("Need to know CPU frequency to give times in cycles");
}
void
speed_cycletime_need_seconds (void)
{
speed_time_init ();
if (speed_cycletime == 1.0)
speed_cycletime_fail
("Need to know CPU frequency to convert cycles to seconds");
}
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