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version 1.1, 2000/01/09 17:01:06

version 1.1.1.3, 2003/09/15 07:09:33

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The new `gnuplot` user should begin by reading about `plotting` (if on-line,

type `help plotting`).

^ <a href="http://www.nas.nasa.gov/~woo/gnuplot/simple/simple.html"> Simple Plots Demo </a>

^ <a href="http://www.gnuplot.vt.edu/gnuplot/gpdocs/simple.html"> Simple Plots Demo </a>

2 Seeking-assistance

?seeking-assistance

There is a mailing list for `gnuplot` users. Note, however, that the

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^ </a>

Before seeking help, please check the

^ <a href="http://www.uni-karlsruhe.de/~ig25/gnuplot-faq.html">

^ <a href="http://www.ucc.ie/gnuplot/gnuplot-faq.html">

FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) list.

^ </a>

If you do not have a copy of the FAQ, you may request a copy by email from

the Majordomo address above, ftp a copy from

ftp://ftp.dartmouth.edu/pub/gnuplot

ftp://ftp.ucc.ie/pub/gnuplot/faq,

ftp://ftp.gnuplot.vt.edu/pub/gnuplot/faq,

or see the WWW `gnuplot` page.

When posting a question, please include full details of the version of

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3. `set timefmt` allows for the use of dates as input and output for time

series plots. See `Time/Date data` and

^ <a href="http://www.nas.nasa.gov/~woo/gnuplot/timefmt/timefmt.html">

^ <a href="http://www.gnuplot.vt.edu/gnuplot/gpdocs/timedat.html">

timedat.dem.

^ </a>

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14. The `call` command: `load` with arguments.

15. More flexible `range` commands with `reverse` and `writeback` keywords.

15. More flexible `range` commands with `reverse`, `writeback` and 'restore'

keywords.

16. `set encoding` for multi-lingual encoding.

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^K deletes from current position to the end of line.

^L,^R redraws line in case it gets trashed.

^U deletes the entire line.

^W deletes the last word.

^W deletes from the current word to the end of line.

`History`:

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Help - `help` plus return.

Ctrl Help - `help `.

#\begin{tabular}{|cl|} \hline

#Arrow key & Function \\ \hline

#Key & Function \\ \hline

#Undo & same as \verb~^L~. \\

#Home & same as \verb~^A~. \\

#Ctrl Home & same as \verb~^E~. \\

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#Help & `{\bf help}' plus return. \\

#Ctrl Help & `{\bf help }'. \\

%c l .

%Arrow key@Function

%Key@Function

%Undo@same as ^L.

%Home@same as ^A.

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#\mbox{imag}(x)^{2}}}$ \\

%abs(x)@any@absolute value of $x$, $|x|$; same type

%abs(x)@complex@length of $x$, $sqrt{roman real (x) sup 2 + roman imag (x) sup 2}$

The `abs` function returns the absolute value of its argument. The returned

The `abs(x)` function returns the absolute value of its argument. The

value is of the same type as the argument.

returned value is of the same type as the argument.

For complex arguments, abs(x) is defined as the length of x in the complex

plane [i.e., sqrt(real(x)**2 + imag(x)**2) ].

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?acos

#acos(x) & any & $\cos^{-1} x$ (inverse cosine) \\

%acos(x)@any@$cos sup -1 x$ (inverse cosine)

The `acos` function returns the arc cosine (inverse cosine) of its argument.

The `acos(x)` function returns the arc cosine (inverse cosine) of its

`acos` returns its argument in radians or degrees, as selected by `set

argument. `acos` returns its argument in radians or degrees, as selected by

angles`.

`set angles`.

4 acosh

?expressions functions acosh

?functions acosh

?acosh

#acosh(x) & any & $\cosh^{-1} x$ (inverse hyperbolic cosine) in radians \\

%acosh(x)@any@$cosh sup -1 x$ (inverse hyperbolic cosine) in radians

The `acosh` function returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of its argument in

The `acosh(x)` function returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of its argument

radians.

in radians.

4 arg

?expressions functions arg

?functions arg

?arg

#arg(x) & complex & the phase of $x$ \\

%arg(x)@complex@the phase of $x$

The `arg` function returns the phase of a complex number in radians or

The `arg(x)` function returns the phase of a complex number in radians or

degrees, as selected by `set angles`.

4 asin

?expressions functions asin

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?asin

#asin(x) & any & $\sin^{-1} x$ (inverse sin) \\

%asin(x)@any@$sin sup -1 x$ (inverse sin)

The `asin` function returns the arc sin (inverse sin) of its argument.

The `asin(x)` function returns the arc sin (inverse sin) of its argument.

`asin` returns its argument in radians or degrees, as selected by `set

angles`.

4 asinh

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?asinh

#asinh(x) & any & $\sinh^{-1} x$ (inverse hyperbolic sin) in radians \\

%asinh(x)@any@$sinh sup -1 x$ (inverse hyperbolic sin) in radians

The `asinh` function returns the inverse hyperbolic sin of its argument in

The `asinh(x)` function returns the inverse hyperbolic sin of its argument in

radians.

4 atan

?expressions functions atan

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?atan

#atan(x) & any & $\tan^{-1} x$ (inverse tangent) \\

%atan(x)@any@$tan sup -1 x$ (inverse tangent)

The `atan` function returns the arc tangent (inverse tangent) of its

The `atan(x)` function returns the arc tangent (inverse tangent) of its

argument. `atan` returns its argument in radians or degrees, as selected by

`set angles`.

4 atan2

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?atan2

#atan2(y,x) & int or real & $\tan^{-1} (y/x)$ (inverse tangent) \\

%atan2(y,x)@int or real@$tan sup -1 (y/x)$ (inverse tangent)

The `atan2` function returns the arc tangent (inverse tangent) of the ratio

The `atan2(y,x)` function returns the arc tangent (inverse tangent) of the

of the real parts of its arguments. `atan2` returns its argument in radians

ratio of the real parts of its arguments. `atan2` returns its argument in

or degrees, as selected by `set angles`, in the correct quadrant.

radians or degrees, as selected by `set angles`, in the correct quadrant.

4 atanh

?expressions functions atanh

?functions atanh

?atan

?atanh

#atanh(x) & any & $\tanh^{-1} x$ (inverse hyperbolic tangent) in radians \\

%atanh(x)@any@$tanh sup -1 x$ (inverse hyperbolic tangent) in radians

The `atanh` function returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of its argument

The `atanh(x)` function returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of its

in radians.

argument in radians.

4 besj0

?expressions functions besj0

?functions besj0

?besj0

#besj0(x) & int or real & $j_{0}$ Bessel function of $x$, in radians \\

%besj0(x)@int or real@$j sub 0$ Bessel function of $x$, in radians

The `besj0` function returns the j0th Bessel function of its argument.

The `besj0(x)` function returns the j0th Bessel function of its argument.

`besj0` expects its argument to be in radians.

4 besj1

?expressions functions besj1

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?besj1

#besj1(x) & int or real & $j_{1}$ Bessel function of $x$, in radians \\

%besj1(x)@int or real@$j sub 1$ Bessel function of $x$, in radians

The `besj1` function returns the j1st Bessel function of its argument.

The `besj1(x)` function returns the j1st Bessel function of its argument.

`besj1` expects its argument to be in radians.

4 besy0

?expressions functions besy0

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?besy0

#besy0(x) & int or real & $y_{0}$ Bessel function of $x$, in radians \\

%besy0(x)@int or real@$y sub 0$ Bessel function of $x$, in radians

The `besy0` function returns the y0th Bessel function of its argument.

The `besy0(x)` function returns the y0th Bessel function of its argument.

`besy0` expects its argument to be in radians.

4 besy1

?expressions functions besy1

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?besy1

#besy1(x) & int or real & $y_{1}$ Bessel function of $x$, in radians \\

%besy1(x)@int or real@$y sub 1$ Bessel function of $x$, in radians

The `besy1` function returns the y1st Bessel function of its argument.

The `besy1(x)` function returns the y1st Bessel function of its argument.

`besy1` expects its argument to be in radians.

4 ceil

?expressions functions ceil

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#ceil(x) & any & $\lceil x \rceil$, smallest integer not less than $x$

#(real part) \\

%ceil(x)@any@$left ceiling x right ceiling$, smallest integer not less than $x$ (real part)

The `ceil` function returns the smallest integer that is not less than its

The `ceil(x)` function returns the smallest integer that is not less than its

argument. For complex numbers, `ceil` returns the smallest integer not less

than the real part of its argument.

4 cos

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?cos

#cos(x) & any & $\cos x$, cosine of $x$ \\

%cos(x)@radians@$cos~x$, cosine of $x$

The `cos` function returns the cosine of its argument. `cos` accepts its

The `cos(x)` function returns the cosine of its argument. `cos` accepts its

argument in radians or degrees, as selected by `set angles`.

4 cosh

?expressions functions cosh

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?cosh

#cosh(x) & any & $\cosh x$, hyperbolic cosine of $x$ in radians \\

%cosh(x)@any@$cosh~x$, hyperbolic cosine of $x$ in radians

The `cosh` function returns the hyperbolic cosine of its argument. `cosh`

The `cosh(x)` function returns the hyperbolic cosine of its argument. `cosh`

expects its argument to be in radians.

4 erf

?expressions functions erf

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?erf

#erf(x) & any & $\mbox{erf}(\mbox{real}(x))$, error function of real($x$) \\

%erf(x)@any@$erf ( roman real (x))$, error function of real ($x$)

The `erf` function returns the error function of the real part of its

The `erf(x)` function returns the error function of the real part of its

argument. If the argument is a complex value, the imaginary component is

ignored.

4 erfc

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?erfc

#erfc(x) & any & $\mbox{erfc}(\mbox{real}(x))$, 1.0 - error function of real($x$) \\

%erfc(x)@any@$erfc ( roman real (x))$, 1.0 - error function of real ($x$)

The `erfc` function returns 1.0 - the error function of the real part of its

The `erfc(x)` function returns 1.0 - the error function of the real part of

argument. If the argument is a complex value, the imaginary component is

its argument. If the argument is a complex value, the imaginary component is

ignored.

4 exp

?expressions functions exp

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?exp

#exp(x) & any & $e^{x}$, exponential function of $x$ \\

%exp(x)@any@$e sup x$, exponential function of $x$

The `exp` function returns the exponential function of its argument (`e`

The `exp(x)` function returns the exponential function of its argument (`e`

raised to the power of its argument). On some implementations (notably

suns), exp(-x) returns undefined for very large x. A user-defined function

like safe(x) = x<-100 ? 0 : exp(x) might prove useful in these cases.

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#floor(x) & any & $\lfloor x \rfloor$, largest integer not greater

#than $x$ (real part) \\

%floor(x)@any@$left floor x right floor$, largest integer not greater than $x$ (real part)

The `floor` function returns the largest integer not greater than its

The `floor(x)` function returns the largest integer not greater than its

argument. For complex numbers, `floor` returns the largest integer not

greater than the real part of its argument.

4 gamma

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?gamma

#gamma(x) & any & $\mbox{gamma}(\mbox{real}(x))$, gamma function of real($x$) \\

%gamma(x)@any@$GAMMA ( roman real (x))$, gamma function of real ($x$)

The `gamma` function returns the gamma function of the real part of its

The `gamma(x)` function returns the gamma function of the real part of its

argument. For integer n, gamma(n+1) = n!. If the argument is a complex

value, the imaginary component is ignored.

4 ibeta

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?ibeta

#ibeta(p,q,x) & any & $\mbox{ibeta}(\mbox{real}(p,q,x))$, ibeta function of real($p$,$q$,$x$) \\

%ibeta(p,q,x)@any@$ibeta ( roman real (p,q,x))$, ibeta function of real ($p$,$q$,$x$)

The `ibeta` function returns the incomplete beta function of the real parts

The `ibeta(p,q,x)` function returns the incomplete beta function of the real

of its arguments. p, q > 0 and x in [0:1]. If the arguments are complex,

parts of its arguments. p, q > 0 and x in [0:1]. If the arguments are

the imaginary components are ignored.

complex, the imaginary components are ignored.

4 inverf

?expressions functions inverf

?functions inverf

?inverf

#inverf(x) & any & inverse error function of real($x$) \\

%inverf(x)@any@inverse error function real($x$)

The `inverf` function returns the inverse error function of the real part

The `inverf(x)` function returns the inverse error function of the real part

of its argument.

4 igamma

?expressions functions igamma

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?igamma

#igamma(a,x) & any & $\mbox{igamma}(\mbox{real}(a,x))$, igamma function of real($a$,$x$) \\

%igamma(a,x)@any@$igamma ( roman real (a,x))$, igamma function of real ($a$,$x$)

The `igamma` function returns the incomplete gamma function of the real

The `igamma(a,x)` function returns the incomplete gamma function of the real

parts of its arguments. a > 0 and x >= 0. If the arguments are complex,

the imaginary components are ignored.

4 imag

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?imag

#imag(x) & complex & imaginary part of $x$ as a real number \\

%imag(x)@complex@imaginary part of $x$ as a real number

The `imag` function returns the imaginary part of its argument as a real

The `imag(x)` function returns the imaginary part of its argument as a real

number.

4 invnorm

?expressions functions invnorm

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?invnorm

#invnorm(x) & any & inverse normal distribution function of real($x$) \\

%invnorm(x)@any@inverse normal distribution function real($x$)

The `invnorm` function returns the inverse normal distribution function of

The `invnorm(x)` function returns the inverse normal distribution function of

the real part of its argument.

4 int

?expressions functions int

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?int

#int(x) & real & integer part of $x$, truncated toward zero \\

%int(x)@real@integer part of $x$, truncated toward zero

The `int` function returns the integer part of its argument, truncated

The `int(x)` function returns the integer part of its argument, truncated

toward zero.

4 lgamma

?expressions functions lgamma

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?lgamma

#lgamma(x) & any & $\mbox{lgamma}(\mbox{real}(x))$, lgamma function of real($x$) \\

%lgamma(x)@any@$lgamma ( roman real (x))$, lgamma function of real ($x$)

The `lgamma` function returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function

The `lgamma(x)` function returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function

of the real part of its argument. If the argument is a complex value, the

imaginary component is ignored.

4 log

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?log

#log(x) & any & $\log_{e} x$, natural logarithm (base $e$) of $x$ \\

%log(x)@any@$ln~x$, natural logarithm (base $e$) of $x$

The `log` function returns the natural logarithm (base `e`) of its argument.

The `log(x)` function returns the natural logarithm (base `e`) of its

argument.

4 log10

?expressions functions log10

?functions log10

?log10

#log10(x) & any & $\log_{10} x$, logarithm (base $10$) of $x$ \\

%log10(x)@any@${log sub 10}~x$, logarithm (base $10$) of $x$

The `log10` function returns the logarithm (base 10) of its argument.

The `log10(x)` function returns the logarithm (base 10) of its argument.

4 norm

?expressions functions norm

?functions norm

?norm

#norm(x) & any & normal distribution (Gaussian) function of real($x$) \\

%norm(x)@any@$norm(x)$, normal distribution function of real($x$)

The `norm` function returns the normal distribution function (or Gaussian)

The `norm(x)` function returns the normal distribution function (or Gaussian)

of the real part of its argument.

4 rand

?expressions functions rand

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?rand

#rand(x) & any & $\mbox{rand}(\mbox{real}(x))$, pseudo random number generator \\

%rand(x)@any@$rand ( roman real (x))$, pseudo random number generator

The `rand` function returns a pseudo random number in the interval [0:1]

The `rand(x)` function returns a pseudo random number in the interval [0:1]

using the real part of its argument as a seed. If seed < 0, the sequence

is (re)initialized. If the argument is a complex value, the imaginary

component is ignored.

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?real

#real(x) & any & real part of $x$ \\

%real(x)@any@real part of $x$

The `real` function returns the real part of its argument.

The `real(x)` function returns the real part of its argument.

4 sgn

?expressions functions sgn

?functions sgn

?sgn

#sgn(x) & any & 1 if $x>0$, -1 if $x<0$, 0 if $x=0$. imag($x$) ignored \\

%sgn(x)@any@1 if $x > 0$, -1 if $x < 0$, 0 if $x = 0$. $roman imag (x)$ ignored

The `sgn` function returns 1 if its argument is positive, -1 if its argument

The `sgn(x)` function returns 1 if its argument is positive, -1 if its

is negative, and 0 if its argument is 0. If the argument is a complex value,

argument is negative, and 0 if its argument is 0. If the argument is a

the imaginary component is ignored.

complex value, the imaginary component is ignored.

4 sin

?expressions functions sin

?functions sin

?sin

#sin(x) & any & $\sin x$, sine of $x$ \\

%sin(x)@any@$sin~x$, sine of $x$

The `sin` function returns the sine of its argument. `sin` expects its

The `sin(x)` function returns the sine of its argument. `sin` expects its

argument to be in radians or degrees, as selected by `set angles`.

4 sinh

?expressions functions sinh

?functions sinh

?sinh

#sinh(x) & any & $\sinh x$, hyperbolic sine $x$ in radians \\

#sinh(x) & any & $\sinh x$, hyperbolic sine of $x$ in radians \\

%sinh(x)@any@$sinh~x$, hyperbolic sine $x$ in radians

%sinh(x)@any@$sinh~x$, hyperbolic sine of $x$ in radians

The `sinh` function returns the hyperbolic sine of its argument. `sinh`

The `sinh(x)` function returns the hyperbolic sine of its argument. `sinh`

expects its argument to be in radians.

4 sqrt

?expressions functions sqrt

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?sqrt

#sqrt(x) & any & $\sqrt{x}$, square root of $x$ \\

%sqrt(x)@any@$sqrt x $, square root of $x$

The `sqrt` function returns the square root of its argument.

The `sqrt(x)` function returns the square root of its argument.

4 tan

?expressions functions tan

?functions tan

?tan

#tan(x) & any & $\tan x$, tangent of $x$ \\

%tan(x)@any@$tan~x$, tangent of $x$

The `tan` function returns the tangent of its argument. `tan` expects

The `tan(x)` function returns the tangent of its argument. `tan` expects

its argument to be in radians or degrees, as selected by `set angles`.

4 tanh

?expressions functions tanh

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?tanh

#tanh(x) & any & $\tanh x$, hyperbolic tangent of $x$ in radians\\

%tanh(x)@any@$tanh~x$, hyperbolic tangent of $x$ in radians

The `tanh` function returns the hyperbolic tangent of its argument. `tanh`

The `tanh(x)` function returns the hyperbolic tangent of its argument. `tanh`

expects its argument to be in radians.

@end table

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`valid(x)` may be used only in expressions as part of `using` manipulations

to fits or datafile plots. See `plot datafile using`.

@end table

^ <a href="http://www.nas.nasa.gov/~woo/gnuplot/airfoil/airfoil.html">Use of functions and complex variables for airfoils </a>

^ <a href="http://www.gnuplot.vt.edu/gnuplot/gpdocs/airfoil.html">Use of functions and complex variables for airfoils </a>

3 Operators

?expressions operators

?operators

Line 1255 C ... and restart the table:

Line 1258 C ... and restart the table:

blanks.

Command-line substitution can be used anywhere on the `gnuplot` command

line.

line, except inside strings delimited by single quotes.

Example:

Line 1265 C ... and restart the table:

Line 1268 C ... and restart the table:

or, in VMS

f(x) = `run leastsq`

These will generate labels with the current time and userid:

set label "generated on `date +%Y-%m-%d`by `whoami`" at 1,1

set timestamp "generated on %Y-%m-%d by `whoami`"

2 Syntax

?syntax

?specify

Line 1577 C ... and restart the table:

Line 1585 C ... and restart the table:

parameter file. The two use different means to set initial values.

Adjustable parameters can be specified by a comma-separated list of variable

names after the `via` keyword. Any variable that is not already defined is

names after the `via` keyword. Any variable that is not already defined

is created with an initial value of 1.0. However, the fit is more likely

to converge rapidly if the variables have been previously declared with more

appropriate starting values.

Line 1828 C ... and restart the table:

Line 1836 C ... and restart the table:

Setting FIT_LAMBDA_FACTOR to zero re-enables the default factor of

10.0.

Oher variables with the FIT_ prefix may be added to `fit`, so it is safer

Other variables with the FIT_ prefix may be added to `fit`, so it is safer

not to use that prefix for user-defined variables.

The variables FIT_SKIP and FIT_INDEX were used by earlier releases of

Line 2202 C ... and restart the table:

Line 2210 C ... and restart the table:

every :::::9 # selects the first 10 blocks

every 2:2 # selects every other point in every other block

every ::5::15 # selects points 5 through 15 in each block

^ <a href="http://www.nas.nasa.gov/~woo/gnuplot/simple/simple.html">Simple Plot Demos </a>,

^ <a href="http://www.gnuplot.vt.edu/gnuplot/gpdocs/simple.html">Simple Plot Demos </a>,

^ <a href="http://www.nas.nasa.gov/~woo/gnuplot/surfacea/surfacea.html">Non-parametric splot demos </a>, and

^ <a href="http://www.nas.nasa.gov/~woo/gnuplot/surfaceb/surfaceb.html">Parametric splot demos.</a>

4 example datafile

Line 2250 C ... and restart the table:

Line 2258 C ... and restart the table:

Example:

plot 'file' index 4:5

^ <a href="http://www.nas.nasa.gov/~woo/gnuplot/multimsh/multimsh.html"> splot with indices demo. </a>

^ <a href="http://www.gnuplot.vt.edu/gnuplot/gpdocs/multimsh.html"> splot with indices demo. </a>

4 smooth

?commands plot datafile smooth

?plot datafile smooth

Line 2357 C ... and restart the table:

Line 2365 C ... and restart the table:

The `unique` option makes the data monotonic in x; points with the same

x-value are replaced by a single point having the average y-value. The

resulting points are then connected by straight line segments.

^ <a href="http://www.nas.nasa.gov/~woo/gnuplot/mgr/mgr.html"> See demos. </a>

^ <a href="http://www.gnuplot.vt.edu/gnuplot/gpdocs/mgr.html"> See demos. </a>

4 special-filenames

?commands plot datafile special-filenames

?plot datafile special-filenames

Line 2570 C ... and restart the table:

Line 2578 C ... and restart the table:

However, if you want to leave text in your data files, it is safer to put the

comment character (#) in the first column of the text lines.

^ <a href="http://www.nas.nasa.gov/~woo/gnuplot/using/using.html"> Feeble using demos. </a>

^ <a href="http://www.gnuplot.vt.edu/gnuplot/gpdocs/using.html"> Feeble using demos. </a>

3 errorbars

?commands plot errorbars

?commands splot errorbars

Line 2642 C ... and restart the table:

Line 2650 C ... and restart the table:

parametric function has been completed:

plot sin(t),t**2 title 'Parametric example' with linespoints

^ <a href="http://www.nas.nasa.gov/~woo/gnuplot/param/param.html"> Parametric Mode Demos. </a>

^ <a href="http://www.gnuplot.vt.edu/gnuplot/gpdocs/param.html"> Parametric Mode Demos. </a>

3 ranges

?commands plot ranges

?commands splot ranges

Line 2821 C ... and restart the table:

Line 2829 C ... and restart the table:

plot sin(x) with impulses

This plots x with points, x**2 with the default:

plot x*y w points, x**2 + y**2

plot x w points, x**2

This plots tan(x) with the default function style, file "data.1" with lines:

plot [ ] [-2:5] tan(x), 'data.1' with l

Line 2939 C ... and restart the table:

Line 2947 C ... and restart the table:

set explicitly to guarantee that the five separate graphs (drawn on top of

each other in multiplot mode) will have exactly the same axes. The linetype

must be specified; otherwise all the plots would be drawn with the same type.

^ <a href="http://www.nas.nasa.gov/~woo/gnuplot/animate/animate.html"> Reread Animation Demo</a>

^ <a href="http://www.gnuplot.vt.edu/gnuplot/gpdocs/animate.html"> Reread Animation Demo</a>

2 reset

?commands reset

?reset

Line 3029 C ... and restart the table:

Line 3037 C ... and restart the table:

y=sinh(x)

print y #prints {1.16933, 0.154051}

print asinh(y) #prints {57.29578, 5.729578}

^ <a href="http://www.nas.nasa.gov/~woo/gnuplot/poldat/poldat.html"> Polar plot using `set angles`. </a>

^ <a href="http://www.gnuplot.vt.edu/gnuplot/gpdocs/poldat.html"> Polar plot using `set angles`. </a>

3 arrow

?commands set arrow

?commands set noarrow

Line 3216 C ... and restart the table:

Line 3224 C ... and restart the table:

Explicitly setting one or two ranges but not others may lead to unexpected

results.

^ <a href="http://www.nas.nasa.gov/~woo/gnuplot/poldat/poldat.html"> See polar demos </a>

^ <a href="http://www.gnuplot.vt.edu/gnuplot/gpdocs/poldat.html"> See polar demos </a>

3 bar

?commands set bar

?commands show bar

Line 3292 C ... and restart the table:

Line 3300 C ... and restart the table:

Using the optional <line_style>, <line_type> and <line_width>

specifiers, the way the border lines are drawn can be influenced

(limited by what the current terminal driver supports).

(limited by what the current terminal driver supports). By default,

the border is drawn with twice the usual linewidth. The <line_width>

specifier scales this default value; for example, `set border 15 lw 2`

will produce a border with four times the usual linewidth.

Various axes or combinations of axes may be added together in the command.

Line 3513 C ... and restart the table:

Line 3524 C ... and restart the table:

See also `set contour` for control of where the contours are drawn, and `set

clabel` for control of the format of the contour labels and linetypes.

^ <a href="http://www.nas.nasa.gov/~woo/gnuplot/contours/contours.html">Contours Demo</a> and

^ <a href="http://www.gnuplot.vt.edu/gnuplot/gpdocs/contours.html">Contours Demo</a> and

^ <a href="http://www.nas.nasa.gov/~woo/gnuplot/discrete/discrete.html">contours with User Defined Levels.</a>

^ <a href="http://www.gnuplot.vt.edu/gnuplot/gpdocs/discrete.html">contours with User Defined Levels.</a>

3 contour

?commands set contour

?commands set nocontour

Line 3564 C ... and restart the table:

Line 3575 C ... and restart the table:

If contours are desired from non-grid data, `set dgrid3d` can be used to

create an appropriate grid. See `set dgrid3d` for more information.

^ <a href="http://www.nas.nasa.gov/~woo/gnuplot/contours/contours.html">Contours Demo</a> and

^ <a href="http://www.gnuplot.vt.edu/gnuplot/gpdocs/contours.html">Contours Demo</a> and

^ <a href="http://www.nas.nasa.gov/~woo/gnuplot/discrete/discrete.html">contours with User Defined Levels.</a>

^ <a href="http://www.gnuplot.vt.edu/gnuplot/gpdocs/discrete.html">contours with User Defined Levels.</a>

3 data style

?commands set data style

?commands show data style

Line 3641 C ... and restart the table:

Line 3652 C ... and restart the table:

The first specifies that a grid of size 10 by 10 is to be constructed using

a norm value of 1 in the weight computation. The second only modifies the

norm, changing it to 4.

^ <a href="http://www.nas.nasa.gov/~woo/gnuplot/scatter/scatter.html"> Dgrid3d Demo.</a>

^ <a href="http://www.gnuplot.vt.edu/gnuplot/gpdocs/scatter.html"> Dgrid3d Demo.</a>

3 dummy

?commands set dummy

Line 3727 C ... and restart the table:

Line 3738 C ... and restart the table:

after each number. If you want "%" itself, double it: "%g %%".

See also `set xtics` for more information about tic labels.

^ <a href="http://www.nas.nasa.gov/~woo/gnuplot/electron/electron.html"> See demo. </a>

^ <a href="http://www.gnuplot.vt.edu/gnuplot/gpdocs/electron.html"> See demo. </a>

4 format specifiers

?commands set format specifiers

?set format specifiers

Line 3846 C ... and restart the table:

Line 3857 C ... and restart the table:

%M minute, 0--60

%p "am" or "pm"

%r shorthand for "%I:%M:%S %p"

%R shorthand for %H:%M"

%R shorthand for "%H:%M"

%S second, 0--60

%T shorthand for "%H:%M:%S"

%U week of the year (week starts on Sunday)

Line 3948 C ... and restart the table:

Line 3959 C ... and restart the table:

For information about the definition and usage of functions in `gnuplot`,

please see `expressions`.

^ <a href="http://www.nas.nasa.gov/~woo/gnuplot/spline/spline.html"> Splines as User Defined Functions.</a>

^ <a href="http://www.gnuplot.vt.edu/gnuplot/gpdocs/spline.html"> Splines as User Defined Functions.</a>

^ <a href="http://www.nas.nasa.gov/~woo/gnuplot/airfoil/airfoil.html">Use of functions and complex variables for airfoils </a>

^ <a href="http://www.gnuplot.vt.edu/gnuplot/gpdocs/airfoil.html">Use of functions and complex variables for airfoils </a>

3 grid

?commands set grid

?commands set nogrid

Line 3992 C ... and restart the table:

Line 4003 C ... and restart the table:

If no linetype is specified for the minor gridlines, the same linetype as the

major gridlines is used. The default polar angle is 30 degrees.

By default, grid lines are drawn with half the usual linewidth. The major and

minor linewidth specifiers scale this default value; for example, `set grid

lw .5` will draw grid lines with one quarter the usual linewidth.

Z grid lines are drawn on the back of the plot. This looks better if a

partial box is drawn around the plot---see `set border`.

3 hidden3d

Line 4100 C ... and restart the table:

Line 4115 C ... and restart the table:

normally, making the resulting display hard to understand. Therefore, the

default option of `bentover` will turn it visible in this case. If you don't

want that, you may choose `nobentover` instead.

^ <a href="http://www.nas.nasa.gov/~woo/gnuplot/hidden/hidden.html"> Hidden Line Removal Demo</a> and

^ <a href="http://www.gnuplot.vt.edu/gnuplot/gpdocs/hidden.html"> Hidden Line Removal Demo</a> and

^ <a href="http://www.nas.nasa.gov/~woo/gnuplot/singulr/singulr.html"> Complex Hidden Line Demo. </a>

^ <a href="http://www.gnuplot.vt.edu/gnuplot/gpdocs/singulr.html"> Complex Hidden Line Demo. </a>

3 isosamples

?commands set isosamples

?commands show isosamples

Line 4456 C ... and restart the table:

Line 4471 C ... and restart the table:

A cartesian coordinate system is used by default.

For a spherical coordinate system, the data occupy two or three columns (or

`using` entries). The first two are interpreted as the polar and azimuthal

`using` entries). The first two are interpreted as the azimuthal and polar

angles theta and phi (in the units specified by `set angles`). The radius r

is taken from the third column if there is one, or is set to unity if there

is no third column. The mapping is:

Line 4482 C ... and restart the table:

Line 4497 C ... and restart the table:

necessary if the data in the file are not in the required order.

`mapping` has no effect on `plot`.

^ <a href="http://www.nas.nasa.gov/~woo/gnuplot/world/world.html">Mapping Demos.</a>

^ <a href="http://www.gnuplot.vt.edu/gnuplot/gpdocs/world.html">Mapping Demos.</a>

3 margin

?commands set margin

?commands show margin

?set margin

?show margin

?margin

Normally the margins of a plot are automatically calculated based on tics

The computed margins can be overridden by the `set margin` commands. `show

and axis labels (and the size of the graph correspondingly adjusted.) These

margin` shows the current settings.

computed values can be overridden by the `set margin` commands. `show margin`

shows the current settings.

Syntax:

set bmargin {<margin>}

Line 4504 C ... and restart the table:

Line 4517 C ... and restart the table:

The units of <margin> are character heights or widths, as appropriate. A

positive value defines the absolute size of the margin. A negative value

(or none) causes `gnuplot` to revert to the computed value.

Normally the margins of a plot are automatically calculated based on tics,

tic labels, axis labels, the plot title, the timestamp and the size of the

key if it is outside the borders. If, however, tics are attached to the

axes (`set xtics axis`, for example), neither the tics themselves nor their

labels will be included in either the margin calculation or the calculation

of the positions of other text to be written in the margin. This can lead

to tic labels overwriting other text if the axis is very close to the border.

3 missing

?commands set missing

?set missing

Line 4583 C ... and restart the table:

Line 4604 C ... and restart the table:

in character units, so the appearance of the graph in the remaining space

will depend on the screen size of the display device, e.g., perhaps quite

different on a video display and a printer.

^ <a href="http://www.nas.nasa.gov/~woo/gnuplot/multiplot/multiplt.html"> See demo. </a>

^ <a href="http://www.gnuplot.vt.edu/gnuplot/gpdocs/multiplt.html"> See demo. </a>

3 mx2tics

?commands set mx2tics

?commands set nomx2tics

Line 4876 C ... and restart the table:

Line 4897 C ... and restart the table:

You may want to `set size square` to have `gnuplot` try to make the aspect

ratio equal to unity, so that circles look circular.

^ <a href="http://www.nas.nasa.gov/~woo/gnuplot/polar/polar.html">Polar demos </a>

^ <a href="http://www.gnuplot.vt.edu/gnuplot/gpdocs/polar.html">Polar demos </a>

^ <a href="http://www.nas.nasa.gov/~woo/gnuplot/poldat/poldat.html">Polar Data Plot. </a>

^ <a href="http://www.gnuplot.vt.edu/gnuplot/gpdocs/poldat.html">Polar Data Plot. </a>

3 rmargin

?commands set rmargin

?set rmargin

Line 4975 C ... and restart the table:

Line 4996 C ... and restart the table:

To make the graph twice as high as wide use:

set size ratio 2

^<a href="http://www.nas.nasa.gov/~woo/gnuplot/airfoil/airfoil.html"> See demo. </a>

^<a href="http://www.gnuplot.vt.edu/gnuplot/gpdocs/airfoil.html"> See demo. </a>

3 style

?commands set function style

?commands show function style

Line 5126 C ... and restart the table:

Line 5147 C ... and restart the table:

The `fsteps` style is only relevant to 2-d plotting. It connects consecutive

points with two line segments: the first from (x1,y1) to (x1,y2) and the

second from (x1,y2) to (x2,y2).

^<a href="http://www.nas.nasa.gov/~woo/gnuplot/steps/steps.html"> See demo. </a>

^<a href="http://www.gnuplot.vt.edu/gnuplot/gpdocs/steps.html"> See demo. </a>

4 histeps

?commands set style histeps

?set style histeps

Line 5141 C ... and restart the table:

Line 5162 C ... and restart the table:

If `autoscale` is in effect, it selects the xrange from the data rather than

the steps, so the end points will appear only half as wide as the others.

^<a href="http://www.nas.nasa.gov/~woo/gnuplot/steps/steps.html"> See demo. </a>

^<a href="http://www.gnuplot.vt.edu/gnuplot/gpdocs/steps.html"> See demo. </a>

`histeps` is only a plotting style; `gnuplot` does not have the ability to

create bins and determine their population from some data set.

Line 5189 C ... and restart the table:

Line 5210 C ... and restart the table:

The `steps` style is only relevant to 2-d plotting. It connects consecutive

points with two line segments: the first from (x1,y1) to (x2,y1) and the

second from (x2,y1) to (x2,y2).

^<a href="http://www.nas.nasa.gov/~woo/gnuplot/steps/steps.html"> See demo. </a>

^<a href="http://www.gnuplot.vt.edu/gnuplot/gpdocs/steps.html"> See demo. </a>

4 vector

?commands set style vector

?set style vector

Line 5199 C ... and restart the table:

Line 5220 C ... and restart the table:

it requires four columns of data. It also draws a small arrowhead at the

end of the vector.

The `vector` style is still experimental: it doesn't get clipped properly

`set clip one` and `set clip two` affect drawing vectors.

and other things may also be wrong with it. Use it at your own risk.

Please see `set clip`.

4 xerrorbars

?commands set style xerrorbars

?set style xerrorbars

Line 5229 C ... and restart the table:

Line 5250 C ... and restart the table:

`plot` command should be used to set up the appropriate form. For example,

if the data are of the form (x,y,xdelta,ylow,yhigh), then you can use

plot 'data' using 1:2:($1-$3),($1+$3),4,5 with xyerrorbars

plot 'data' using 1:2:($1-$3):($1+$3):4:5 with xyerrorbars

4 yerrorbars

?commands set style yerrorbars

?commands set style errorbars

Line 5266 C ... and restart the table:

Line 5287 C ... and restart the table:

appropriate style, data or function.

Whenever `set nosurface` is issued, `splot` will not draw points or lines

corresponding to the function or data file points. Contours may be still be

corresponding to the function or data file points. Contours may still be

drawn on the surface, depending on the `set contour` option. `set nosurface;

set contour base` is useful for displaying contours on the grid base. See

also `set contour`.

Line 5378 C ... and restart the table:

Line 5399 C ... and restart the table:

year). With `top` or `bottom` you can place the timestamp at the top or

bottom of the left margin (default: bottom). `rotate` lets you write the

timestamp vertically, if your terminal supports vertical text. The constants

<xoff> and <off> are offsets from the default position given in character

<xoff> and <yoff> are offsets from the default position given in character

screen coordinates. <font> is used to specify the font with which the time

is to be written.

Line 5413 C ... and restart the table:

Line 5434 C ... and restart the table:

%j day of the year, 1--365

%H hour, 0--24

%M minute, 0--60

%s seconds since the Unix epoch (1970-01-01, 00:00 UTC)

%S second, 0--60

%b three-character abbreviation of the name of the month

%B name of the month

Line 5427 C ... and restart the table:

Line 5449 C ... and restart the table:

#\verb@%j@ & day of the year, 1--365 \\

#\verb@%H@ & hour, 0--24 \\

#\verb@%M@ & minute, 0--60 \\

#\verb@%s@ & seconds since the Unix epoch (1970-01-01 00:00 UTC) \\

#\verb@%S@ & second, 0--60 \\

#\verb@%b@ & three-character abbreviation of the name of the month \\

#\verb@%B@ & name of the month \\

Line 5440 C ... and restart the table:

Line 5463 C ... and restart the table:

%%j@day of the year, 1--365

%%H@hour, 0--24

%%M@minute, 0--60

%%s@seconds since the Unix epoch (1970-01-01 00:00 UTC)

%%S@second, 0--60

%%b@three-character abbreviation of the name of the month

%%B@name of the month

Line 5474 C ... and restart the table:

Line 5498 C ... and restart the table:

tells `gnuplot` to read date and time separated by tab. (But look closely at

your data---what began as a tab may have been converted to spaces somewhere

along the line; the format string must match what is actually in the file.)

^ <a href="http://www.nas.nasa.gov/~woo/gnuplot/timedat/timedat.html"> Time Data Demo </a>

^ <a href="http://www.gnuplot.vt.edu/gnuplot/gpdocs/timedat.html"> Time Data Demo </a>

3 title

?commands set title

?commands show title

Line 5679 C ... and restart the table:

Line 5703 C ... and restart the table:

See `set timefmt` to tell `gnuplot` how to read date or time data. The

time/date is converted to seconds from start of the century. There is

currently only one timefmt, which implies that all the time/date columns must

confirm to this format. Specification of ranges should be supplied as quoted

conform to this format. Specification of ranges should be supplied as quoted

strings according to this format to avoid interpretation of the time/date as

an expression.

Line 5777 C ... and restart the table:

Line 5801 C ... and restart the table:

label` instead--that command gives you much more control over where text is

placed.

Please see `set syntax` for further information about backslash processing

Please see `syntax` for further information about backslash processing

and the difference between single- and double-quoted strings.

3 xmtics

?commands set xmtics

Line 5788 C ... and restart the table:

Line 5812 C ... and restart the table:

?show xmtics

?xmtics

?noxmtics

The `set xmtics` commands converts the x-axis tic marks to months of the

The `set xmtics` command converts the x-axis tic marks to months of the

year where 1=Jan and 12=Dec. Overflows are converted modulo 12 to months.

The tics are returned to their default labels by `set noxmtics`. Similar

commands perform the same duties for the other axes.

Line 5806 C ... and restart the table:

Line 5830 C ... and restart the table:

?commands show xrange

?set xrange

?show xrange

?writeback

?restore

?xrange

The `set xrange` command sets the horizontal range that will be displayed.

A similar command exists for each of the other axes, as well as for the

polar radius r and the parametric variables t, u, and v.

Syntax:

set xrange [{{<min>}:{<max>}}] {{no}reverse} {{no}writeback}

set xrange { [{{<min>}:{<max>}}] {{no}reverse} {{no}writeback} }

| restore

show xrange

where <min> and <max> terms are constants, expressions or an asterisk to set

Line 5832 C ... and restart the table:

Line 5859 C ... and restart the table:

the buffers that would be filled by `set xrange`. This is useful if you wish

to plot several functions together but have the range determined by only

some of them. The `writeback` operation is performed during the `plot`

execution, so it must be specified before that command. For example,

execution, so it must be specified before that command. To restore

the last saved horizontal range use `set xrange restore`. For example,

set xrange [-10:10]

set yrange [] writeback

plot sin(x)

set noautoscale y

set yrange restore

replot x/2

results in a yrange of [-1:1] as found only from the range of sin(x); the

Line 5903 C ... and restart the table:

Line 5931 C ... and restart the table:

The same syntax applies to `ytics`, `ztics`, `x2tics` and `y2tics`.

`axis` or `border` tells `gnuplot` to put the tics (both the tics themselves

and the accompanying labels) along the axis or the border, respectively.

and the accompanying labels) along the axis or the border, respectively. If

`mirror` tells it to put unlabelled tics at the same positions on the

the axis is very close to the border, the `axis` option can result in tic

opposite border. `nomirror` does what you think it does. `rotate` asks

labels overwriting other text written in the margin.

`gnuplot` to rotate the text through 90 degrees, if the underlying terminal

driver supports text rotation. `norotate` cancels this. The defaults are

`border mirror norotate` for tics on the x and y axes, and `border nomirror

norotate` for tics on the x2 and y2 axes. For the z axis, the the `{axis |

border}` option is not available and the default is `nomirror`. If you do

want to mirror the z-axis tics, you might want to create a bit more room for

them with `set border`.

`set xtics` with no options restores the default border if xtics are not

`mirror` tells `gnuplot` to put unlabelled tics at the same positions on the

being displayed; otherwise it has no effect. Any previously specified

opposite border. `nomirror` does what you think it does.

tic frequency or position {and labels} are retained.

`rotate` asks `gnuplot` to rotate the text through 90 degrees, which will be

done if the terminal driver in use supports text rotation. `norotate`

cancels this.

The defaults are `border mirror norotate` for tics on the x and y axes, and

`border nomirror norotate` for tics on the x2 and y2 axes. For the z axis,

the `{axis | border}` option is not available and the default is

`nomirror`. If you do want to mirror the z-axis tics, you might want to

create a bit more room for them with `set border`.

`set xtics` with no options restores the default border or axis if xtics are

being displayed; otherwise it has no effect. Any previously specified tic

frequency or position {and labels} are retained.

Positions of the tics are calculated automatically by default or if the

`autofreq` option is given; otherwise they may be specified in either of

two forms:

Line 5927 C ... and restart the table:

Line 5961 C ... and restart the table:

of <incr>. If <end> is not given, it is assumed to be infinity. The

increment may be negative. If neither <start> nor <end> is given, <start> is

assumed to be negative infinity, <end> is assumed to be positive infinity,

and the tics will be drawn at integral multiples of <step>. If the axis is

and the tics will be drawn at integral multiples of <incr>. If the axis is

logarithmic, the increment will be used as a multiplicative factor.

Examples:

Line 5939 C ... and restart the table:

Line 5973 C ... and restart the table:

set xtics 5

Make tics at 1, 100, 1e4, 1e6, 1e8.

set logscale x; set xtics 1,100,10e8

set logscale x; set xtics 1,100,1e8

The explicit ("<label>" <pos>, ...) form allows arbitrary tic positions or

non-numeric tic labels. A set of tics is a set of positions, each with its

Line 5961 C ... and restart the table:

Line 5995 C ... and restart the table:

However they are specified, tics will only be plotted when in range.

Format (or omission) of the tic labels is controlled by `set format`, unless

the explicit text of a labels is included in the `set xtic (`<label>`)` form.

the explicit text of a labels is included in the `set xtics (`<label>`)` form.

Minor (unlabelled) tics can be added by the `set mxtics` command.

Line 6021 C ... and restart the table:

Line 6055 C ... and restart the table:

?set y2label

?show y2label

?y2label

The `set y2dtics` command sets the label for the y2 (right-hand) axis.

The `set y2label` command sets the label for the y2 (right-hand) axis.

Please see `set xlabel`.

3 y2mtics

?commands set y2mtics

Line 6070 C ... and restart the table:

Line 6104 C ... and restart the table:

?set ydata

?show ydata

?ydata

Sets y-axis data to timeseries (dates/times). Please see `set xdata`.

The `set ydata` command sets y-axis data to timeseries (dates/times).

Please see `set xdata`.

3 ydtics

?commands set ydtics

?commands set noydtics

Line 6136 C ... and restart the table:

Line 6171 C ... and restart the table:

?set zdata

?show zdata

?zdata

Set zaxis date to timeseries (dates/times). Please see `set xdata`.

The `set zdata` command sets z-axis data to timeseries (dates/times).

Please see `set xdata`.

3 zdtics

?commands set zdtics

?commands set nozdtics

Line 6384 C ... and restart the table:

Line 6420 C ... and restart the table:

The `index` keyword is not supported, since the file format allows only one

surface per file. The `every` and `using` filters are supported. `using`

operates as if the data were read in the above triplet form.

^ <a href="http://www.nas.nasa.gov/~woo/gnuplot/binary/binary.html">Binary File Splot Demo.</a>

^ <a href="http://www.gnuplot.vt.edu/gnuplot/gpdocs/binary.html">Binary File Splot Demo.</a>

4 example datafile

?commands splot datafile example

?splot datafile example

FreeBSD-CVSweb <freebsd-cvsweb@FreeBSD.org>