Annotation of OpenXM_contrib/pari-2.2/NEW, Revision 1.1
1.1 ! noro 1: This file highlights some of the novelties in PARI/GP 2.x compared to 1.39.15
! 2: (last release in the 1.x series). The detailed Changelog is in CHANGES.
! 3: Incompatible changes are described in COMPAT. See TODO for possible future
! 4: improvements.
! 5:
! 6: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% VERSION 2.1 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
! 7:
! 8: * PARI/GP is now released under the GNU General Public License.
! 9:
! 10: * PARI now has a CVS server which is intended for PARI lovers who want
! 11: the very latest bleeding edge release (see the CVS.txt file).
! 12:
! 13: * Argument checks have been added to prevent unpredictable results when
! 14: the input is incorrect.
! 15:
! 16: * Errors can be trapped to avoid abort and recover computations.
! 17:
! 18: * extended on-line help:
! 19: ?? (no arguments) opens the users'manual in xdvi,
! 20: ?? tutorial / refcard opens tutorial / refcard in xdvi,
! 21: ??? keyword searches for topic in the manual.
! 22:
! 23: * Arithmetic: much faster integer factorization with several factoring
! 24: engines including Pollard Rho, SQUFOF, improved ECM, and an MPQS/PMPQS
! 25: implementation derived from LiDIA's, with kind permission from the LiDIA
! 26: team
! 27:
! 28: * Polynomials:
! 29: - much faster factorization over Z[X] (van Hoeij's algorithm) or Fq[X]
! 30: (more efficient modular kernel), esp. when the polynomial is defined
! 31: over a subfield.
! 32: - Ducos' subresultant algorithm for resultants
! 33:
! 34: * Number field:
! 35: - improved ROUND 4 for computations of integral basis/discriminant
! 36: - faster polredabs / rnfpolredabs polynomial reductions functions
! 37: - Galois extensions of Q: Fixed fields, Galois conjugates using
! 38: Allombert's algorithm.
! 39:
! 40: * Class group, ray-class group:
! 41: - improved bnf/bnr functions (faster, numerically stabler), in
! 42: particular bnfisprincipal
! 43: - computations of explicit defining equations of abelian extensions of
! 44: imaginery quadratic fields (using complex multiplication) of totally
! 45: real abelian extensions (using Stark units).
! 46:
! 47: * Elliptic functions: Weierstrass and Weber functions.
! 48:
! 49: * Plotting: support of gnuplot, new functions (possiblity to plot directly
! 50: in a file).
! 51:
! 52: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% VERSION 2.0 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
! 53: The GP/PARI structure has been cleaned up.
! 54:
! 55: * The whole configuration process has been automated, and a Configure
! 56: file is provided. Just typing `./Configure' should see you home in most
! 57: cases.
! 58:
! 59: * PARI is now available as a dynamic library, thanks to Louis Granboulan.
! 60: (you can link GP with it, if you wish to). This saves a tremendous
! 61: amount of disk space, and is generally more convenient as you don't need
! 62: to re-link your files when updating the library (or when debugging.
! 63: or profiling, or...).
! 64:
! 65: * types now have a symbolic mnemonic name (e.g t_INT for an integer,
! 66: t_VEC for a vector, and so on).
! 67:
! 68: * General speed-up (depends on your applications, about 40% for our
! 69: generic testing file).
! 70:
! 71: * Experimental module loading structure (the actual function tree
! 72: has not yet been cut into modules, but for the GP specific functions).
! 73:
! 74: ==========================================================================
! 75: Many new or improved functions in the PARI library.
! 76:
! 77: * MANY class-field related functions. In particular:
! 78: - is it now possible to try and remove the GRH assumption on class group
! 79: computations.
! 80: - ray class groups computations (including discrete log).
! 81: - explicit defining equations in simple cases (Kummer extensions of prime
! 82: degree, quadratic base field).
! 83:
! 84: * computation of Galois groups up to degree 11
! 85:
! 86: * roots is now entirely reliable, thanks to Xavier Gourdon.
! 87:
! 88: * some core routines have been optimized: Karatsuba fast multiplication,
! 89: a specific function gsqr() for squarings,...
! 90:
! 91: * input/output is much more flexible now:
! 92: - a function GENtostring has been added, generalizing gitoascii to any
! 93: PARI object (with a simpler syntax: GENtostring(g) returns a malloc'ed
! 94: string containing g as gp would print it).
! 95:
! 96: - lisexpr has a relative flisexpr (for filtered lisexpr), which enables
! 97: you to use input containing whitespaces.
! 98:
! 99: - you can use GENs in formatted output, a la printf.
! 100:
! 101: * improved garbage collecting.
! 102:
! 103: * private variables can be created without an explicit lisexpr(), using
! 104: fetch_var() and delete_var().
! 105:
! 106: ==========================================================================
! 107: GP has been completely re-written:
! 108:
! 109: * lowercase/uppercase are now significant. All predefined constants
! 110: (Euler, I, Pi) have been renamed (as well, the o() notation for series
! 111: and padics has been superseded by O()).
! 112:
! 113: for (i=1,10, print(i)) will not yield an error anymore.
! 114:
! 115: * human-readable error messages, including a caret to indicate where
! 116: a GP syntax error occurred.
! 117:
! 118: * function names were renamed according to a more logical scheme. The
! 119: file new.dico provides a translation (available under GP using "whatnow")
! 120:
! 121: * You can retrieve basic information from complicated objects using member
! 122: functions. For instance x.disc will yield the discriminant of x, whether
! 123: it was created by nfinit (aka initalg), bnfinit (aka buchinit), ellinit
! 124: (aka initell).
! 125:
! 126: * A `gprc' file is available to set "permanent" defaults (such as
! 127: global variables, aliases, custom user functions, etc...). For instance,
! 128: you can put all your scripts in some special directories, and
! 129: point them out to GP using "path". See misc/gprc.dft for examples.
! 130:
! 131: The function "default" enables to change most defaults under gp.
! 132: For instance: default(compatible, 2) will give you back the former gp
! 133: function names and helpmessages. [default(compatible, 3) undoes the
! 134: lowercaps/uppercaps changes as well]. Try "default".
! 135:
! 136: * basic C idiosyncrasies such as for instance i++ (for i=i+1), i<<1
! 137: (for left shift) or i+=j (for i=i+j) are now allowed within GP scripts.
! 138: /* */ multi-line comments are understood.
! 139:
! 140: * lists and (primitive) string support have been added. Characters can be
! 141: quoted with the usual meaning. As a result, set functions can now be
! 142: used with arbitrary elements.
! 143:
! 144: * if your terminal supports color (variants of color_xterm for instance),
! 145: you can tell GP to highlight its output in different (user configurable)
! 146: colors. This is done by fiddling with the default "colors".
! 147:
! 148: * The familiar functions "break", "next" and "return" are now available.
! 149: These should supersede the buggy label/goto provided in older versions.
! 150:
! 151: * Enhanced on-line help. If you have perl on your system, try
! 152: ?? function-name (e.g ?? bnfinit)
! 153: This is provided by external scripts which can be used independently,
! 154: outside of the GP session.
! 155:
! 156: * If readline is installed on your system, a context-dependent completion
! 157: (not yet user-programmable) is now available (try hitting <TAB> here and
! 158: there). Try ?? readline.
! 159:
! 160: * many functions now have default arguments (shown between braces {} in
! 161: the on-line description). gp first reads user-supplied arguments, and
! 162: then fills in the arg list with these default values. Optional args can
! 163: be entirely omitted, comma included (for a function with no mandatory
! 164: arguments, even parentheses are optional !). For instance:
! 165:
! 166: Mat = Mat()
! 167: bnfclassunit(x^2+1,0) = bnfclassunit(x^2+1)
! 168: bnfclassunit(x^2+1,,[0.2,0.2]) = bnfclassunit(x^2+1,0,[0.2,0.2])
! 169:
! 170: The "else" part of the "if" function can be entirely omitted.
! 171: if (a,1) is now correct; of course, the former syntax if (a,1,) is
! 172: still valid.
! 173:
! 174: * functions "extern" and "system" have been added to interface with
! 175: external programs (UNIX only). You can do for instance
! 176: extern("myprog"), or system("ls -l *.gp").
! 177:
! 178: * even better, "install" enables you to load any function provided by
! 179: a dynamically linked library, and have the GP interpreter use it. This
! 180: makes it easy to have your own customized version of GP with your own set
! 181: of functions on startup (you can document them using "addhelp").
! 182:
! 183: * On 32-bit machines, maximum number of variables has been increased from
! 184: 254 to 16382. Arrays can have up to 16777214 elements (instead of 65534).
! 185: In addition vector/matrix operations in GP now perform orders of
! 186: magnitudes faster than in version 1.39
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