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Revision 1.33, Fri Aug 14 13:51:54 2015 UTC (8 years, 9 months ago) by fujimoto
Branch: MAIN
Changes since 1.32: +1 -10 lines

Removed unneeded 'defined(__MINGW64__)'.

/* $OpenXM: OpenXM_contrib2/asir2000/engine/Hgfs.c,v 1.33 2015/08/14 13:51:54 fujimoto Exp $ */

#include "ca.h"
#include "inline.h"

int debug_sfbfctr;

void lnfsf(int n,UM p0,UM p1,struct p_pair *list,UM np0,UM np1);
void extractcoefbm(BM f,int dx,UM r);

int comp_dum(DUM a,DUM b)
{
	if ( DEG(a->f) > DEG(b->f) )
		return -1;
	else if ( DEG(a->f) < DEG(b->f) )
		return 1;
	else
		return 0;
}

void ufctrsf(P p,DCP *dcp)
{
	int n,i,j,k;
	DCP dc,dc0;
	P lc;
	UM mp;
	UM *tl;
	Obj obj;
	struct oDUM *udc,*udc1;

	simp_ff((Obj)p,&obj); p = (P)obj;
	if ( !p ) {
		NEWDC(dc); COEF(dc) = 0; DEG(dc) = ONE; 
		NEXT(dc) = 0; *dcp = dc;
		return;
	}
	mp = W_UMALLOC(UDEG(p));
	ptosfum(p,mp);
	if ( (n = DEG(mp)) < 0 ) {
		*dcp = 0; return;
	} else if ( n == 0 ) {
		NEWDC(dc); COEF(dc) = p; DEG(dc) = ONE; 
		NEXT(dc) = 0; *dcp = dc;
		return;
	}
	lc = COEF(DC(p));
	if ( !_isonesf(COEF(mp)[n]) ) {
		monicsfum(mp);
	}

	W_CALLOC(n+1,struct oDUM,udc);
	gensqfrsfum(mp,udc);

	tl = (UM *)ALLOCA((n+1)*sizeof(UM));
	W_CALLOC(DEG(mp)+1,struct oDUM,udc1);

	for ( i = 0,j = 0; udc[i].f; i++ )
		if ( DEG(udc[i].f) == 1 ) {
			udc1[j].f = udc[i].f; udc1[j].n = udc[i].n; j++;
		} else {
			bzero((char *)tl,(n+1)*sizeof(UM));
			czsfum(udc[i].f,tl);
			for ( k = 0; tl[k]; k++, j++ ) {
				udc1[j].f = tl[k]; udc1[j].n = udc[i].n;
			}
		}
	udc = udc1;
	for ( i = 0; udc[i].f; i++ );
	qsort(udc,i,sizeof(struct oDUM),
		(int (*)(const void *,const void *))comp_dum);

	NEWDC(dc0); COEF(dc0) = lc; DEG(dc0) = ONE; dc = dc0;
	for ( n = 0; udc[n].f; n++ ) {
		NEWDC(NEXT(dc)); dc = NEXT(dc);
		STOQ(udc[n].n,DEG(dc)); sfumtop(VR(p),udc[n].f,&COEF(dc));
	}
	NEXT(dc) = 0; *dcp = dc0;
}

void gensqfrsfum(UM p,struct oDUM *dc)
{
	int n,i,j,d,mod;
	UM t,s,g,f,f1,b;
	GFS u,v;

	if ( (n = DEG(p)) == 1 ) {
		dc[0].f = UMALLOC(DEG(p)); cpyum(p,dc[0].f); dc[0].n = 1;
		return;
	}
	t = W_UMALLOC(n); s = W_UMALLOC(n); g = W_UMALLOC(n);
	f = W_UMALLOC(n); f1 = W_UMALLOC(n); b = W_UMALLOC(n);
	diffsfum(p,t); cpyum(p,s); gcdsfum(t,s,g); 
	if ( !DEG(g) ) {
		dc[0].f = UMALLOC(DEG(p)); cpyum(p,dc[0].f); dc[0].n = 1;
		return;
	}
	cpyum(p,b); cpyum(p,t); divsfum(t,g,f);
	for ( i = 0, d = 0; DEG(f); i++ ) {
		while ( 1 ) {
			cpyum(b,t);
			if ( divsfum(t,f,s) >= 0 )
				break;
			else {
				cpyum(s,b); d++;
			}
		}
		cpyum(b,t); cpyum(f,s); gcdsfum(t,s,f1);
		divsfum(f,f1,s); cpyum(f1,f);
		dc[i].f = UMALLOC(DEG(s)); cpyum(s,dc[i].f); dc[i].n = d;
	}
	mod = characteristic_sf();
	if ( DEG(b) > 0 ) {
		d = 1;
		while ( 1 ) {
			cpyum(b,t);
			for ( j = DEG(t); j >= 0; j-- )
				if ( COEF(t)[j] && (j % mod) )
					break;
			if ( j >= 0 )
				break;
			else {
				DEG(s) = DEG(t)/mod;
				for ( j = 0; j <= DEG(t); j++ ) {
					iftogfs(COEF(t)[j*mod],&u);
					pthrootgfs(u,&v);
					COEF(s)[j] = v?FTOIF(CONT(v)):0;
				}
				cpyum(s,b); d *= mod;
			}
		}
		gensqfrsfum(b,dc+i);
		for ( j = i; dc[j].f; j++ )
			dc[j].n *= d;
	}
}

void randsfum(int d,UM p)
{
	int i;

	for ( i = 0; i < d; i++ )
		COEF(p)[i] = _randomsf();
	for ( i = d-1; i >= 0 && !COEF(p)[i]; i-- );
	p->d = i;
}

void pwrmodsfum(UM p,int e,UM f,UM pr)
{
	UM wt,ws,q;

	if ( e == 0 ) {
		DEG(pr) = 0; COEF(pr)[0] = _onesf();
	} else if ( DEG(p) < 0 ) 
		DEG(pr) = -1;
	else if ( e == 1 ) {
		q = W_UMALLOC(DEG(p)); cpyum(p,pr);
		DEG(pr) = divsfum(pr,f,q);
	} else if ( DEG(p) == 0 ) {
		DEG(pr) = 0; COEF(pr)[0] = _pwrsf(COEF(p)[0],e);
	} else {
		wt = W_UMALLOC(2*DEG(f)); ws = W_UMALLOC(2*DEG(f));
		q = W_UMALLOC(2*DEG(f));
		pwrmodsfum(p,e/2,f,wt);
		if ( !(e%2) )  {
			mulsfum(wt,wt,pr); DEG(pr) = divsfum(pr,f,q);
		} else {
			mulsfum(wt,wt,ws);
			DEG(ws) = divsfum(ws,f,q);
			mulsfum(ws,p,pr);
			DEG(pr) = divsfum(pr,f,q);
		}
	}
}

void spwrsfum(UM m,UM f,N e,UM r)
{
	UM t,s,q;
	N e1;
	int a;

	if ( !e ) {
		DEG(r) = 0; COEF(r)[0] = _onesf();
	} else if ( UNIN(e) )
		cpyum(f,r);
	else {
		a = divin(e,2,&e1);
		t = W_UMALLOC(2*DEG(m)); spwrsfum(m,f,e1,t);
		s = W_UMALLOC(2*DEG(m)); q = W_UMALLOC(2*DEG(m));
		mulsfum(t,t,s); DEG(s) = divsfum(s,m,q);
		if ( a ) {
			mulsfum(s,f,t); DEG(t) = divsfum(t,m,q); cpyum(t,r);
        } else
			cpyum(s,r);
	}
}

void tracemodsfum(UM m,UM f,int e,UM r)
{
	UM t,s,q,u;
	int i;

	q = W_UMALLOC(2*DEG(m)+DEG(f)); /* XXX */
	t = W_UMALLOC(2*DEG(m));
	s = W_UMALLOC(2*DEG(m));
	u = W_UMALLOC(2*DEG(m));
	DEG(f) = divsfum(f,m,q);
	cpyum(f,s);
	cpyum(f,t);
	for ( i = 1; i < e; i++ ) {
		mulsfum(t,t,u);
		DEG(u) = divsfum(u,m,q); cpyum(u,t);
		addsfum(t,s,u); cpyum(u,s);
	}
	cpyum(s,r);
}

void make_qmatsf(UM p,UM *tab,int ***mp)
{
	int n,i,j;
	int *c;
	UM q,r;
	int **mat;
	int one;

	n = DEG(p);
	*mp = mat = almat(n,n);
	for ( j = 0; j < n; j++ ) {
		r = W_UMALLOC(DEG(tab[j])); q = W_UMALLOC(DEG(tab[j]));	
		cpyum(tab[j],r); DEG(r) = divsfum(r,p,q);
		for ( i = 0, c = COEF(r); i <= DEG(r); i++ )
			mat[i][j] = c[i];
	}
	one = _onesf();
	for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ )
		mat[i][i] = _subsf(mat[i][i],one);
}

void nullsf(int **mat,int n,int *ind)
{
	int i,j,l,s,h,inv;
	int *t,*u;

	bzero((char *)ind,n*sizeof(int));
	ind[0] = 0;
	for ( i = j = 0; j < n; i++, j++ ) {
		for ( ; j < n; j++ ) {
			for ( l = i; l < n; l++ )
				if ( mat[l][j] )
					break;
			if ( l < n ) {
				t = mat[i]; mat[i] = mat[l]; mat[l] = t; break;
			} else
				ind[j] = 1;
		}
		if ( j == n )
			break;
		inv = _invsf(mat[i][j]);
		for ( s = j, t = mat[i]; s < n; s++ )
			t[s] = _mulsf(t[s],inv);
		for ( l = 0; l < n; l++ ) {
			if ( l == i )
				continue;
			u = mat[l]; h = _chsgnsf(u[j]);
			for ( s = j; s < n; s++ )
				u[s] = _addsf(_mulsf(h,t[s]),u[s]);
		}
	}
}

void null_to_solsf(int **mat,int *ind,int n,UM *r)
{
	int i,j,k,l;
	int *c;
	UM w;

	for ( i = 0, l = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
		if ( !ind[i] )
			continue;
		w = UMALLOC(n);
		for ( j = k = 0, c = COEF(w); j < n; j++ )
			if ( ind[j] )
				c[j] = 0;
			else
				c[j] = mat[k++][i];
		c[i] = _chsgnsf(_onesf());
		for ( j = n; j >= 0; j-- )
			if ( c[j] )
				break;
		DEG(w) = j;
		r[l++] = w;
	}
}
/*
make_qmatsf(p,tab,mp)
nullsf(mat,n,ind)
null_to_solsf(ind,n,r)
*/

void czsfum(UM f,UM *r)
{
	int i,j;
	int d,n,ord;
	UM s,t,u,v,w,g,x,m,q;
	UM *base;

	n = DEG(f); base = (UM *)ALLOCA(n*sizeof(UM));
	bzero((char *)base,n*sizeof(UM));

	w = W_UMALLOC(2*n); q = W_UMALLOC(2*n); m = W_UMALLOC(2*n);

	base[0] = W_UMALLOC(0); DEG(base[0]) = 0; COEF(base[0])[0] = _onesf();

	t = W_UMALLOC(1); DEG(t) = 1; COEF(t)[0] = 0; COEF(t)[1] = _onesf();

	ord = field_order_sf();
	pwrmodsfum(t,ord,f,w);
	base[1] = W_UMALLOC(DEG(w));
	cpyum(w,base[1]);

	for ( i = 2; i < n; i++ ) {
		mulsfum(base[i-1],base[1],m);
		DEG(m) = divsfum(m,f,q);
		base[i] = W_UMALLOC(DEG(m)); cpyum(m,base[i]);
	}

	v = W_UMALLOC(n); cpyum(f,v);
	DEG(w) = 1; COEF(w)[0] = 0; COEF(w)[1] = _onesf();
	x = W_UMALLOC(1); DEG(x) = 1; COEF(x)[0] = 0; COEF(x)[1] = _onesf();
	t = W_UMALLOC(n); s = W_UMALLOC(n); u = W_UMALLOC(n); g = W_UMALLOC(n);

	for ( j = 0, d = 1; 2*d <= DEG(v); d++ ) {
		for ( DEG(t) = -1, i = 0; i <= DEG(w); i++ )
			if ( COEF(w)[i] ) {
				mulssfum(base[i],COEF(w)[i],s); 
				addsfum(s,t,u); cpyum(u,t);
			}
		cpyum(t,w); cpyum(v,s); subsfum(w,x,t);
		gcdsfum(s,t,g);
		if ( DEG(g) >= 1 ) {
			berlekampsf(g,d,base,r+j); j += DEG(g)/d;
			divsfum(v,g,q); cpyum(q,v);
			DEG(w) = divsfum(w,v,q);
			for ( i = 0; i < DEG(v); i++ )
				DEG(base[i]) = divsfum(base[i],v,q);
		}
	}
	if ( DEG(v) ) {
		r[j] = UMALLOC(DEG(v)); cpyum(v,r[j]); j++;
	}
	r[j] = 0;
}

int berlekampsf(UM p,int df,UM *tab,UM *r)
{
	int n,i,j,k,nf,d,nr;
	int **mat;
	int *ind;
	UM mp,w,q,gcd,w1,w2;
	UM *u;
	int *root;

	n = DEG(p);
	ind = ALLOCA(n*sizeof(int));
	make_qmatsf(p,tab,&mat);
	nullsf(mat,n,ind);
	for ( i = 0, d = 0; i < n; i++ )
		if ( ind[i] )
			d++;
	if ( d == 1 ) {
		r[0] = UMALLOC(n); cpyum(p,r[0]); return 1;
	}
	u = ALLOCA(d*sizeof(UM *));
	r[0] = UMALLOC(n); cpyum(p,r[0]);
	null_to_solsf(mat,ind,n,u);
	root = ALLOCA(d*sizeof(int));
	w = W_UMALLOC(n); mp = W_UMALLOC(d);
	w1 = W_UMALLOC(n); w2 = W_UMALLOC(n);
	for ( i = 1, nf = 1; i < d; i++ ) {
		minipolysf(u[i],p,mp);
		nr = find_rootsf(mp,root);
		for ( j = 0; j < nf; j++ ) {
			if ( DEG(r[j]) == df )
				continue;
			for ( k = 0; k < nr; k++ ) {
				cpyum(u[i],w1); cpyum(r[j],w2);
				COEF(w1)[0] = _chsgnsf(root[k]);
				gcdsfum(w1,w2,w);
				if ( DEG(w) > 0 && DEG(w) < DEG(r[j]) ) {
					gcd = UMALLOC(DEG(w));
					q = UMALLOC(DEG(r[j])-DEG(w));
					cpyum(w,gcd); divsfum(r[j],w,q);
					r[j] = q; r[nf++] = gcd;
				}
				if ( nf == d )
					return d;
			}
		}
	}
	/* NOT REACHED */
	error("berlekampsf : cannot happen");
	return 0;
}

void minipolysf(UM f,UM p,UM mp)
{
	struct p_pair *list,*l,*l1,*lprev;	
	int n,d;
	UM u,p0,p1,np0,np1,q,w;

	list = (struct p_pair *)MALLOC(sizeof(struct p_pair));
	list->p0 = u = W_UMALLOC(0); DEG(u) = 0; COEF(u)[0] = _onesf();
	list->p1 = W_UMALLOC(0); cpyum(list->p0,list->p1);
	list->next = 0;
	n = DEG(p); w = UMALLOC(2*n);
	p0 = UMALLOC(2*n); cpyum(list->p0,p0);
	p1 = UMALLOC(2*n); cpyum(list->p1,p1);
	q = W_UMALLOC(2*n);
	while ( 1 ) {
		COEF(p0)[DEG(p0)] = 0; DEG(p0)++; COEF(p0)[DEG(p0)] = _onesf();
		mulsfum(f,p1,w); DEG(w) = divsfum(w,p,q); cpyum(w,p1);
		np0 = UMALLOC(n); np1 = UMALLOC(n);
		lnfsf(n,p0,p1,list,np0,np1);
		if ( DEG(np1) < 0 ) {
			cpyum(np0,mp); return;
		} else {
			l1 = (struct p_pair *)MALLOC(sizeof(struct p_pair));
			l1->p0 = np0; l1->p1 = np1;
			for ( l = list, lprev = 0, d = DEG(np1);
				l && (DEG(l->p1) > d); lprev = l, l = l->next );
			if ( lprev ) {
				lprev->next = l1; l1->next = l;
			} else {
				l1->next = list; list = l1;
			}
		}
	}
}

void lnfsf(int n,UM p0,UM p1,struct p_pair *list,UM np0,UM np1)
{
	int h,d1;
	UM t0,t1,s0,s1;
	struct p_pair *l;

	cpyum(p0,np0); cpyum(p1,np1);
	t0 = W_UMALLOC(n); t1 = W_UMALLOC(n);
	s0 = W_UMALLOC(n); s1 = W_UMALLOC(n);
	for ( l = list; l; l = l->next ) {
		d1 = DEG(np1);
		if ( d1 == DEG(l->p1) ) {
			h = _divsf(COEF(np1)[d1],_chsgnsf(COEF(l->p1)[d1]));
			mulssfum(l->p0,h,t0); addsfum(np0,t0,s0); cpyum(s0,np0);
			mulssfum(l->p1,h,t1); addsfum(np1,t1,s1); cpyum(s1,np1);
		}
	}
}

int find_rootsf(UM p,int *root)
{
	UM *r;
	int i,n;

	n = DEG(p);
	r = ALLOCA((DEG(p))*sizeof(UM));
	canzassf(p,1,r);
	for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ )
		root[i] = _chsgnsf(COEF(r[i])[0]);
	return n;
}

void canzassf(UM f,int d,UM *r)
{
	UM t,s,u,w,g,o;
	N n1,n2,n3,n4,n5;
	UM *b;
	int n,q,ed;

	if ( DEG(f) == d ) {
		r[0] = UMALLOC(d); cpyum(f,r[0]);
		return;
	} else {
		n = DEG(f); b = (UM *)ALLOCA(n*sizeof(UM));
		bzero((char *)b,n*sizeof(UM));

		t = W_UMALLOC(2*d);
		s = W_UMALLOC(DEG(f)); u = W_UMALLOC(DEG(f)); 
		w = W_UMALLOC(DEG(f)); g = W_UMALLOC(DEG(f));
		o = W_UMALLOC(0); DEG(o) = 0; COEF(o)[0] = _onesf();
		q = field_order_sf();
		if ( q % 2 ) {
			STON(q,n1); pwrn(n1,d,&n2); subn(n2,ONEN,&n3);
			STON(2,n4); divsn(n3,n4,&n5);
		} else
			ed = d*extdeg_sf();
		while ( 1 ) {
			randsfum(2*d,t);
			if ( q % 2 ) {
				spwrsfum(f,t,n5,s); subsfum(s,o,u);
			} else
				tracemodsfum(f,t,ed,u);
			cpyum(f,w);
			gcdsfum(w,u,g);
			if ( (DEG(g) >= 1) && (DEG(g) < DEG(f)) ) {
				canzassf(g,d,r); 
				cpyum(f,w); divsfum(w,g,s);
				canzassf(s,d,r+DEG(g)/d); 
				return;
			}
		}
	}
}

/* Hensel related functions */

int sfberle(V,V,P,int,GFS *,DCP *);
void sfgcdgen(P,ML,ML *);
void sfhenmain2(BM,UM,UM,int,BM *);
void ptosfbm(int,P,BM);
void sfhensel(int count,P f,V x,V y,int degbound,GFS *evp,P *sfp,ML *listp);

/* f = f(x,y) */

void sfhensel(int count,P f,V x,V y,int degbound,GFS *evp,P *sfp,ML *listp)
{
	int i;
	int fn;
	ML rlist;
	BM fl;
	VL vl,nvl;
	int dx,dy,bound;
	GFS ev;
	P f1,t,c,sf;
	DCP dc,dct,dc0;
	UM q,fm,hm;
	UM *gm;
	struct oEGT tmp0,tmp1,eg_hensel,eg_hensel_t;

	clctv(CO,f,&vl);
	if ( vl->v != x ) {
		reordvar(vl,x,&nvl); reorderp(nvl,vl,f,&f1);
		vl = nvl; f = f1;
	}
	if ( vl->next )
		y = vl->next->v;
	dx = getdeg(x,f);
	dy = getdeg(y,f);
	if ( dx == 1 ) {
		*listp = rlist = MLALLOC(1); rlist->n = 1; rlist->c[0] = 0;
		return;
	}
	fn = sfberle(x,y,f,count,&ev,&dc);
	if ( fn <= 1 ) {
		/* fn == 0 => short of evaluation points */
		*listp = rlist = MLALLOC(1); rlist->n = fn; rlist->c[0] = 0;
		return;
	}
	if ( degbound >= 0 ) {
		/*
		 * reconstruct dc so that
		 * dc[1],... : factors satisfy degree bound
		 * dc[0]     : product of others
		 */
		c = dc->c; dc = NEXT(dc);
		dc0 = 0;
		fn = 0;
		while ( dc ) {
			if ( getdeg(x,COEF(dc)) <= degbound ) {
				dct = NEXT(dc); NEXT(dc) = dc0; dc0 = dc; dc = dct;
				fn++;
			} else {
				mulp(vl,COEF(dc),c,&t); c = t;
				dc = NEXT(dc);
			}
		}
		if ( OID(c) == O_P ) {
			NEWDC(dc); COEF(dc) = c; DEG(dc) = ONE; NEXT(dc) = dc0;
			fn++;
		} else {
			mulp(vl,dc0->c,c,&t); dc0->c = t; dc = dc0;
		}
	} else {
		/* pass the the leading coeff. to the first element */
		c = dc->c; dc = NEXT(dc);
		mulp(vl,dc->c,c,&t); dc->c = t;
	}

	/* convert mod y-a factors into UM */
	gm = (UM *)ALLOCA(fn*sizeof(UM));
	for ( i = 0; i < fn; i++, dc = NEXT(dc) ) {
		gm[i] = W_UMALLOC(UDEG(dc->c));
		ptosfum(dc->c,gm[i]);
	}

	/* set bound */
	/* g | f, lc_y(g) = lc_y(f) => deg_y(g) <= deg_y(f) */
	/* so, bound = dy is sufficient, but we use slightly large value */
	bound = dy+2;

	/* f(x,y) -> f(x,y+ev) */
	fl = BMALLOC(dx,bound);
	ptosfbm(bound,f,fl);
	if ( ev ) shiftsfbm(fl,FTOIF(CONT(ev)));

	/* sf = f(x+ev) */
	sfbmtop(fl,x,y,&sf);

	/* fm = fl mod y */
	fm = W_UMALLOC(dx);
	cpyum(COEF(fl)[0],fm);
	hm = W_UMALLOC(dx);

	q = W_UMALLOC(dx);
	rlist = MLALLOC(fn); rlist->n = fn; rlist->bound = bound;
	if ( debug_sfbfctr )
		fprintf(asir_out,"%d candidates\n",fn);
	init_eg(&eg_hensel);
	for ( i = 0; i < fn-1; i++ ) {
		if ( debug_sfbfctr )
			fprintf(asir_out,"deg(fm) = %d, deg(gm[%d]) = %d\n",
			DEG(fm),i,DEG(gm[i]));
		init_eg(&eg_hensel_t);
		get_eg(&tmp0);
		/* fl = gm[i]*hm mod y */
		divsfum(fm,gm[i],hm);
		/* fl is replaced by the cofactor of gk mod y^bound */
		/* rlist->c[i] = gk */
		sfhenmain2(fl,gm[i],hm,bound,(BM *)&rlist->c[i]);
		cpyum(hm,fm);
		get_eg(&tmp1); add_eg(&eg_hensel_t,&tmp0,&tmp1);
		add_eg(&eg_hensel,&tmp0,&tmp1);
		if ( debug_sfbfctr) {
			print_eg("Hensel",&eg_hensel_t);
			fprintf(asir_out,"\n");
		}
	}
	if ( debug_sfbfctr) {
		print_eg("Hensel total",&eg_hensel);
		fprintf(asir_out,"\n");
	}
	/* finally, fl must be the lift of gm[fn-1] */
	rlist->c[i] = fl;

#if 0
	/* y -> y-a */
	mev = _chsgnsf(FTOIF(CONT(ev)));
	for ( i = 0; i < fn; i++ )
		shiftsfbm((BM)(rlist->c[i]),mev);
#endif
	*evp = ev;
	*sfp = sf;
	*listp = rlist;
}

/* main variable of f = x */

int sfberle(V x,V y,P f,int count,GFS *ev,DCP *dcp)
{
	UM wf,wf1,wf2,wfs,gcd;
	int fn,n;
	GFS m,fm;
	DCP dc,dct,dc0;
	VL vl;
	P lc,lc0,f0;
	Obj obj;
	int j,q,index,i;

	NEWVL(vl); vl->v = x;
	NEWVL(NEXT(vl)); NEXT(vl)->v = y;
	NEXT(NEXT(vl)) =0;
	simp_ff((Obj)f,&obj); f = (P)obj;
	n = QTOS(DEG(DC(f)));
	wf = W_UMALLOC(n); wf1 = W_UMALLOC(n); wf2 = W_UMALLOC(n);
	wfs = W_UMALLOC(n); gcd = W_UMALLOC(n);
	q = field_order_sf();
	lc = DC(f)->c;
	for ( j = 0, fn = n + 1, index = 0; 
		index < q && j < count && fn > 1; index++ ) {
		indextogfs(index,&m);
		substp(vl,lc,y,(P)m,&lc0);
		if ( lc0 ) {
			substp(vl,f,y,(P)m,&f0);
			ptosfum(f0,wf); cpyum(wf,wf1); 
			diffsfum(wf1,wf2); gcdsfum(wf1,wf2,gcd);
			if ( DEG(gcd) == 0 ) {
				ufctrsf(f0,&dc);
				for ( dct = NEXT(dc), i = 0; dct; dct = NEXT(dct), i++ );
				if ( i < fn ) {
					dc0 = dc; fn = i; fm = m;
				}
				j++;
			}
		}
	}
	if ( index == q )
		return 0;
	else if ( fn == 1 )
		return 1;
	else {
		*dcp = dc0;
		*ev = fm;
		return fn;
	}
}

void sfgcdgen(P f,ML blist,ML *clistp)
{
	int i;
	int n,d,np;
	UM wf,wm,wx,wy,wu,wv,wa,wb,wg,q,tum;
	UM *in,*out;
	ML clist;

	n = UDEG(f); np = blist->n;
	d = 2*n;
	q = W_UMALLOC(d); wf = W_UMALLOC(d);
	wm = W_UMALLOC(d); wx = W_UMALLOC(d);
	wy = W_UMALLOC(d); wu = W_UMALLOC(d);
	wv = W_UMALLOC(d); wg = W_UMALLOC(d);
	wa = W_UMALLOC(d); wb = W_UMALLOC(d);
	ptosfum(f,wf); DEG(wg) = 0; COEF(wg)[0] = _onesf();
	*clistp = clist = MLALLOC(np); clist->n = np;
	for ( i = 0, in = (UM *)blist->c, out = (UM *)clist->c; i < np; i++ ) {
		divsfum(wf,in[i],q); tum = wf; wf = q; q = tum;
		cpyum(wf,wx); cpyum(in[i],wy);
		eucsfum(wx,wy,wa,wb); mulsfum(wa,wg,wm);
		DEG(wm) = divsfum(wm,in[i],q); out[i] = UMALLOC(DEG(wm));
		cpyum(wm,out[i]); mulsfum(q,wf,wu);
		mulsfum(wg,wb,wv); addsfum(wu,wv,wg);
	}
}

/* f = g0*h0 mod y -> f = gk*hk mod y^(dy+1), f is replaced by hk */

void sfhenmain2(BM f,UM g0,UM h0,int dy,BM *gp)
{
	int i,k;
	int dx;
	UM wt,wa,wb,q,w1,w2,wh1,wg1,ws;
	UM wc,wd,we,wz;
	BM wb0,wb1;
	int dg,dh;
	BM fk,gk,hk;
	
	if ( DEG(f) < dy )
		error("sfhenmain2 : invalid input");

	dx = degbm(f);
	dg = DEG(g0);
	dh = DEG(h0);

	W_BMALLOC(dx,dy,wb0); W_BMALLOC(dx,dy,wb1);
	wt = W_UMALLOC(dx); ws = W_UMALLOC(dx); q = W_UMALLOC(2*dx);
	wg1 = W_UMALLOC(2*dx); wh1 = W_UMALLOC(2*dx);

	/* fk = gk*hk mod y^k */
	W_BMALLOC(dx,dy,fk);
	cpyum(COEF(f)[0],COEF(fk)[0]);
	gk = BMALLOC(dg,dy);
	cpyum(g0,COEF(gk)[0]);
	W_BMALLOC(dh,dy,hk);
	cpyum(h0,COEF(hk)[0]);

	wc = W_UMALLOC(2*dx); wd = W_UMALLOC(2*dx);
	we = W_UMALLOC(2*dx); wz = W_UMALLOC(2*dx);

	/* compute wa,wb s.t. wa*g0+wb*h0 = 1 mod y */
	w1 = W_UMALLOC(dg); cpyum(g0,w1);
	w2 = W_UMALLOC(dh); cpyum(h0,w2);
	wa = W_UMALLOC(2*dx); wb = W_UMALLOC(2*dx);  /* XXX */
	eucsfum(w1,w2,wa,wb);

	if ( debug_sfbfctr)
		fprintf(stderr,"dy=%d\n",dy);
	for ( k = 1; k <= dy; k++ ) {
		if ( debug_sfbfctr)
			fprintf(stderr,".");

		/* at this point, f = gk*hk mod y^k */

		/* clear wt */
		clearum(wt,dx);

		/* wt = (f-gk*hk)/y^k */
		subsfum(COEF(f)[k],COEF(fk)[k],wt);
		
		/* compute wf1,wg1 s.t. wh1*g0+wg1*h0 = wt */
		mulsfum(wa,wt,wh1); DEG(wh1) = divsfum(wh1,h0,q);
		mulsfum(wh1,g0,wc); subsfum(wt,wc,wd); DEG(wd) = divsfum(wd,h0,wg1);

		/* check */
#if 0
		if ( DEG(wd) >= 0 || DEG(wg1) > ng )
			error("henmain2 : cannot happen(adj)");

		mulsfum(wg1,h0,wc); mulsfum(wh1,g0,wd); addsfum(wc,wd,we);
		subsfum(we,wt,wz);
		if ( DEG(wz) >= 0 )
			error("henmain2 : cannot happen");
#endif

		/* fk += ((wg1*hk+wh1*gk)*y^k+wg1*wh1*y^(2*k) mod y^(dy+1) */
		/* wb0 = wh1*y^k */
		clearbm(dx,wb0);
		cpyum(wh1,COEF(wb0)[k]);

		/* wb1 = gk*wb0 mod y^(dy+1) */
		clearbm(dx,wb1);
		mulsfbm(gk,wb0,wb1);
		/* fk += wb1 */
		addtosfbm(wb1,fk);

		/* wb0 = wg1*y^k */
		clearbm(dx,wb0);
		cpyum(wg1,COEF(wb0)[k]);

		/* wb1 = hk*wb0 mod y^(dy+1) */
		clearbm(dx,wb1);
		mulsfbm(hk,wb0,wb1);
		/* fk += wb1 */
		addtosfbm(wb1,fk);

		/* fk += wg1*wh1*y^(2*k) mod y^(dy+1) */
		if ( 2*k <= dy ) {
			mulsfum(wg1,wh1,wt); addsfum(COEF(fk)[2*k],wt,ws);
			cpyum(ws,COEF(fk)[2*k]);
		}

		/* gk += wg1*y^k, hk += wh1*y^k */
		cpyum(wg1,COEF(gk)[k]);
		cpyum(wh1,COEF(hk)[k]);
	}
	if ( debug_sfbfctr)
		fprintf(stderr,"\n");
	*gp = gk;
	DEG(f) = dy;
	for ( i = 0; i <= dy; i++ )
		cpyum(COEF(hk)[i],COEF(f)[i]);
}

/* a0*g+b0*h = 1 mod y -> a*g+b*h = 1 mod y^(dy+1) */

void sfexgcd_by_hensel(BM g,BM h,int dy,BM *ap,BM *bp)
{
	int i,k;
	int dx;
	UM wt,wa,wb,q,w1,w2,ws;
	UM wc,wd,we,wz,wa1,wb1;
	BM wz0,wz1;
	int dg,dh;
	BM a,b,c;

	dg = degbm(g);
	dh = degbm(h);
	dx = dg+dh;

	a = BMALLOC(dh,dy);
	b = BMALLOC(dg,dy);
	/* c holds a*g+b*h-1 */
	c = BMALLOC(dg+dh,dy);

	W_BMALLOC(dx,dy,wz0); W_BMALLOC(dx,dy,wz1);

	wt = W_UMALLOC(dx); ws = W_UMALLOC(dx); q = W_UMALLOC(2*dx);
	wa1 = W_UMALLOC(2*dx); wb1 = W_UMALLOC(2*dx);
	wc = W_UMALLOC(2*dx); wd = W_UMALLOC(2*dx);
	we = W_UMALLOC(2*dx); wz = W_UMALLOC(2*dx);

	/* compute wa,wb s.t. wa*g0+wb*h0 = 1 mod y */
	w1 = W_UMALLOC(dg); cpyum(COEF(g)[0],w1);
	w2 = W_UMALLOC(dh); cpyum(COEF(h)[0],w2);
	wa = W_UMALLOC(2*dx); wb = W_UMALLOC(2*dx);  /* XXX */
	eucsfum(w1,w2,wa,wb);
	cpyum(wa,COEF(a)[0]); cpyum(wb,COEF(b)[0]);
	
	/* initialize c to a*g+b*h-1 */
	mulsfbm(a,g,c); mulsfbm(b,h,wz0); addtosfbm(wz0,c);
	COEF(COEF(c)[0])[0] = 0;
	
	if ( debug_sfbfctr)
		fprintf(stderr,"dy=%d\n",dy);
	for ( k = 1; k <= dy; k++ ) {
		if ( debug_sfbfctr)
			fprintf(stderr,".");

		/* at this point, a*g+b*h = 1 mod y^k, c = a*g+b*h-1 */

		/* wt = -((a*g+b*h-1)/y^k) */
		cpyum(COEF(c)[k],wt);
		for ( i = DEG(wt); i >= 0; i-- )
			COEF(wt)[i] = _chsgnsf(COEF(wt)[i]);
		
		/* compute wa1,wb1 s.t. wa1*g0+wb1*h0 = wt */
		mulsfum(wa,wt,wa1); DEG(wa1) = divsfum(wa1,COEF(h)[0],q);
		mulsfum(wa1,COEF(g)[0],wc); subsfum(wt,wc,wd); 
		DEG(wd) = divsfum(wd,COEF(h)[0],wb1);

		/* c += ((wa1*g+wb1*h)*y^k mod y^(dy+1) */
		/* wz0 = wa1*y^k */
		clearbm(dx,wz0);
		cpyum(wa1,COEF(wz0)[k]);

		/* wz1 = wz0*g mod y^(dy+1) */
		clearbm(dx,wz1);
		mulsfbm(g,wz0,wz1);
		/* c += wz1 */
		addtosfbm(wz1,c);

		/* wz0 = wb1*y^k */
		clearbm(dx,wz0);
		cpyum(wb1,COEF(wz0)[k]);

		/* wz1 = wz0*h mod y^(dy+1) */
		clearbm(dx,wz1);
		mulsfbm(h,wz0,wz1);
		/* c += wz1 */
		addtosfbm(wz1,c);

		/* a += wa1*y^k, b += wb1*y^k */
		cpyum(wa1,COEF(a)[k]);
		cpyum(wb1,COEF(b)[k]);
	}
	if ( debug_sfbfctr)
		fprintf(stderr,"\n");
	DEG(a) = dy;
	DEG(b) = dy;
	*ap = a;
	*bp = b;
}

/* fl->c[i] = coef_y(f,i) */

void ptosfbm(int dy,P f,BM fl)
{
	DCP dc;
	int d,i,dx;
	UM t;

	dx = QTOS(DEG(DC(f)));
	if ( DEG(fl) < dy )
		error("ptosfbm : invalid input");
	DEG(fl) = dy;
	clearbm(dx,fl);
	t = UMALLOC(dy);
	for ( dc = DC(f); dc; dc = NEXT(dc) ) {
		d = QTOS(DEG(dc));
		ptosfum(COEF(dc),t);
		for ( i = 0; i <= DEG(t); i++ )
			COEF(COEF(fl)[i])[d] = COEF(t)[i];
	}
	for ( i = 0; i <= dy; i++ )
		degum(COEF(fl)[i],dx);
}

/* x : main variable */

void sfbmtop(BM f,V x,V y,P *fp)
{
	UM *c;
	int i,j,d,a,dy;
	GFS b;
	DCP dc0,dc,dct;

	dy = DEG(f);
	c = COEF(f);
	d = degbm(f);

	dc0 = 0;
	for ( i = 0; i <= d; i++ ) {
		dc = 0;
		for ( j = 0; j <= dy; j++ ) {
			if ( DEG(c[j]) >= i && (a = COEF(c[j])[i]) ) {
				NEWDC(dct);
				STOQ(j,DEG(dct));
				iftogfs(a,&b);
				COEF(dct) = (P)b;
				NEXT(dct) = dc;
				dc = dct;
			}
		}
		if ( dc ) {
			NEWDC(dct);
			STOQ(i,DEG(dct));
			MKP(y,dc,COEF(dct));
			NEXT(dct) = dc0;
			dc0 = dct;
		}
	}
	if ( dc0 )
		MKP(x,dc0,*fp);
	else
		*fp = 0;
}

void sfsqfr(P f,DCP *dcp)
{
	Obj obj;
	DCP dc;
	VL vl;

	simp_ff((Obj)f,&obj); f = (P)obj;
	clctv(CO,f,&vl);
	if ( !vl ) {
		/* f is a const */
		NEWDC(dc); DEG(dc) = ONE; COEF(dc) = f; NEXT(dc) = 0; *dcp = dc;
	} else if ( !NEXT(vl) )
		sfusqfr(f,dcp);
	else
		sqfrsf(vl,f,dcp);
}

void sfusqfr(P f,DCP *dcp)
{
	DCP dc,dct;
	struct oDUM *udc;
	V x;
	P lc;
	int n,i;
	UM mf;

	x = VR(f);
	n = getdeg(x,f);
	mf = W_UMALLOC(n);
	ptosfum(f,mf);
	lc = COEF(DC(f));
	if ( !_isonesf(COEF(mf)[n]) ) {
		monicsfum(mf);
	}
	W_CALLOC(n+1,struct oDUM,udc);
	gensqfrsfum(mf,udc);
	for ( i = 0, dc = 0; udc[i].f; i++ ) {
		NEWDC(dct); STOQ(udc[i].n,DEG(dct));
		sfumtop(x,udc[i].f,&COEF(dct));
		NEXT(dct) = dc; dc = dct;
	}
	NEWDC(dct); DEG(dct) = ONE; COEF(dct) = (P)lc; NEXT(dct) = dc;
	*dcp = dct;
}

#if 0
void sfbsqfrmain(P f,V x,V y,DCP *dcp)
{
	/* XXX*/
}

/* f is bivariate */

void sfbsqfr(P f,V x,V y,DCP *dcp)
{
	P t,rf,cx,cy;
	VL vl,rvl;
	DCP dcx,dcy,dct,dc;
	struct oVL vl0,vl1;

	/* cy(y) = cont(f,x), f /= cy */
	cont_pp_sfp(vl,f,&cy,&t); f = t;
	/* rvl = [y,x] */
	reordvar(vl,y,&rvl); reorderp(rvl,vl,f,&rf);
	/* cx(x) = cont(rf,y), Rf /= cy */
	cont_pp_sfp(rvl,rf,&cx,&t); rf = t;
	reorderp(vl,rvl,rf,&f);

	/* f -> cx*cy*f */
	sfsqfr(cx,&dcx); dcx = NEXT(dcx);
	sfsqfr(cy,&dcy); dcy = NEXT(dcy);
	if ( dcx ) {
		for ( dct = dcx; NEXT(dct); dct = NEXT(dct) );
		NEXT(dct) = dcy;
	} else
		dcx = dcy;
	if ( OID(f) == O_N )
		*dcp = dcx;
	else {
		/* f must be bivariate */
		sfbsqfrmain(f,x,y,&dc);
		if ( dcx ) {
			for ( dct = dcx; NEXT(dct); dct = NEXT(dct) );
			NEXT(dct) = dc;
		} else
			dcx = dc;
		*dcp = dcx;
	}
}
#endif

void sfdtest(P,ML,V,V,DCP *);

/* if degbound >= 0 find factor s.t. deg_x(factor) <= degbound */

void sfbfctr(P f,V x,V y,int degbound,DCP *dcp)
{
	ML list;
	P sf;
	GFS ev;
	DCP dc,dct;
	BM fl;
	int dx,dy;

	/* sf(x) = f(x+ev) = list->c[0]*list->c[1]*... */
	sfhensel(5,f,x,y,degbound,&ev,&sf,&list);
	if ( list->n == 0 )
		error("sfbfctr : short of evaluation points");
	else if ( list->n == 1 ) {
		/* f is irreducible */
		NEWDC(dc); DEG(dc) = ONE; COEF(dc) = f; NEXT(dc) = 0;
		*dcp = dc;
		return;
	}
	sfdtest(sf,list,x,y,&dc);
	if ( ev ) {
		dx = getdeg(x,sf);
		dy = getdeg(y,sf);
		W_BMALLOC(dx,dy,fl);
		for ( dct = dc; dct; dct = NEXT(dct) ) {
			ptosfbm(dy,COEF(dct),fl);
			shiftsfbm(fl,_chsgnsf(FTOIF(CONT(ev))));
			sfbmtop(fl,x,y,&COEF(dct));
		}
	}
	*dcp = dc;
}

/* returns shifted f, shifted factors and the eval pt */

void sfbfctr_shift(P f,V x,V y,int degbound,GFS *evp,P *sfp,DCP *dcp)
{
	ML list;
	P sf;
	GFS ev;
	DCP dc,dct;
	int dx,dy;

	/* sf(x) = f(x+ev) = list->c[0]*list->c[1]*... */
	sfhensel(5,f,x,y,degbound,&ev,&sf,&list);
	if ( list->n == 0 )
		error("sfbfctr_shift : short of evaluation points");
	else if ( list->n == 1 ) {
		/* f is irreducible */
		NEWDC(dc); DEG(dc) = ONE; COEF(dc) = f; NEXT(dc) = 0;
		*evp = 0;
		*sfp = f;
		*dcp = dc;
	} else {
		sfdtest(sf,list,x,y,dcp);
		*evp = ev;
		*sfp = sf;
	}
}

/* f = f(x,y) = list->c[0]*list->c[1]*... mod y^(list->bound+1) */

void sfdtest(P f,ML list,V x,V y,DCP *dcp)
{
	int np,dx,dy;
	int i,j,k,bound;
	int *win;
	P g,lcg,factor,cofactor,lcyx;
	P csum;
	DCP dcf,dcf0,dc;
	BM *c;
	BM lcy;
	UM lcg0,lcy0,w;
	UM *d1c;
	ML wlist;
	struct oVL vl1,vl0;
	VL vl;
	int z,dt,dtok;

	/* vl = [x,y] */
	vl0.v = x; vl0.next = &vl1; vl1.v = y; vl1.next = 0; vl = &vl0;

	/* setup various structures and arrays */
	dx = getdeg(x,f);
	dy = getdeg(y,f);
	np = list->n;
	win = W_ALLOC(np+1);
	wlist = W_MLALLOC(np);
	wlist->n = list->n;
	bound = wlist->bound = list->bound;
	c = (BM *)COEF(wlist);
	bcopy((char *)COEF(list),(char *)c,(int)(sizeof(BM)*np));

	lcg0 = W_UMALLOC(2*dy);

	/* initialize g by f */
	g = f;

	/* initialize lcg */
	mulp(vl,g,COEF(DC(g)),&lcg);

	/* initialize lcg0 */
	const_term(lcg,lcg0);

	/* initialize csum = lcg(1) */
	sfcsump(vl,lcg,&csum);

	/* initialize lcy by LC(f) */
	W_BMALLOC(0,dy,lcy);
	NEWDC(dc); COEF(dc) = COEF(DC(g)); DEG(dc) = 0; 
	NEWP(lcyx); VR(lcyx) = x; DC(lcyx) = dc;
	ptosfbm(dy,lcyx,lcy);

	/* initialize lcy0 by LC(f) */
	lcy0 = W_UMALLOC(bound);
	ptosfum(COEF(DC(g)),lcy0);

	/* ((d-1 coefs)*lcy0 */
	d1c = (UM *)W_ALLOC(np*sizeof(UM));
	w = W_UMALLOC(2*bound);
	for ( i = 1; i < np; i++ ) {
		extractcoefbm(c[i],degbm(c[i])-1,w);
		d1c[i] = W_UMALLOC(2*bound);
		mulsfum(w,lcy0,d1c[i]);
		/* d1c[i] = d1c[i] mod y^(bound+1) */
		if ( DEG(d1c[i]) > bound ) {
			for ( j = DEG(d1c[i]); j > bound; j-- )
				COEF(d1c[i])[j] = 0;
			degum(d1c[i],bound);
		}
	}

	if ( debug_sfbfctr)
		fprintf(stderr,"np = %d\n",np);
	dtok = 0;
	for ( g = f, k = 1, dcf = dcf0 = 0, win[0] = 1, --np, z = 0; ; z++ ) {
		if ( debug_sfbfctr && !(z % 1000) ) fprintf(stderr,".");
		dt = sfdegtest(dy,bound,d1c,k,win);
		if ( dt )
			dtok++;
		if ( dt && sfdtestmain(vl,lcg,lcg0,lcy,csum,wlist,
				k,win,&factor,&cofactor) ) {
			NEXTDC(dcf0,dcf); DEG(dcf) = ONE; COEF(dcf) = factor;
			g = cofactor;

			/* update lcg */
			mulp(vl,g,COEF(DC(g)),&lcg);

			/* update lcg0 */
			const_term(lcg,lcg0);

			/* update csum */
			sfcsump(vl,lcg,&csum);

			/* update dy */
			dy = getdeg(y,g);

			/* update lcy */
			clearbm(0,lcy);
			COEF(dc) = COEF(DC(g));
			ptosfbm(dy,lcyx,lcy);

			for ( i = 0; i < k - 1; i++ ) 
				for ( j = win[i] + 1; j < win[i + 1]; j++ ) 
					c[j-i-1] = c[j];
			for ( j = win[k-1] + 1; j <= np; j++ ) 	
					c[j-k] = c[j];
			if ( ( np -= k ) < k ) 
				break;
			if ( np - win[0] + 1 < k ) 
				if ( ++k > np )
					break;
				else
					for ( i = 0; i < k; i++ ) 
						win[i] = i + 1;
			else 
				for ( i = 1; i < k; i++ ) 
					win[i] = win[0] + i;


			/* update lcy0  */
			ptosfum(COEF(DC(g)),lcy0);
		
			/* update d-1 coeffs */
			for ( i = 1; i <= np; i++ ) {
				extractcoefbm(c[i],degbm(c[i])-1,w);
				mulsfum(w,lcy0,d1c[i]);
				/* d1c[i] = d1c[1] mod y^(bound+1) */
				if ( DEG(d1c[i]) > bound ) {
					for ( j = DEG(d1c[i]); j > bound; j-- )
						COEF(d1c[i])[j] = 0;
					degum(d1c[i],bound);
				}
			}
		} else if ( !ncombi(1,np,k,win) ) 
			if ( k == np ) 
				break;
			else
				for ( i = 0, ++k; i < k; i++ ) 
					win[i] = i + 1;
	}
	if ( debug_sfbfctr )
		fprintf(stderr,"total %d, omitted by degtest %d\n",z,z-dtok);
	NEXTDC(dcf0,dcf); COEF(dcf) = g;
	DEG(dcf) = ONE; NEXT(dcf) = 0; *dcp = dcf0;
}

void extractcoefbm(BM f,int dx,UM r)
{
	int j;
	UM fj;

	for ( j = DEG(f); j >= 0; j-- ) {
		fj = COEF(f)[j];
		if ( fj && DEG(fj) >= dx ) {
			COEF(r)[j] = COEF(fj)[dx];
		} else
			COEF(r)[j] = 0;
	}
	degum(r,DEG(f));
}

/* deg_y(prod mod y^(bound+1)) <= dy ? */

int sfdegtest(int dy,int bound,UM *d1c,int k,int *in)
{
	int i,j;
	UM w,w1,wt;
	BM t;

	w = W_UMALLOC(bound);
	w1 = W_UMALLOC(bound);
	clearum(w,bound);
	for ( i = 0; i < k; i++ ) {
		addsfum(w,d1c[in[i]],w1); wt = w; w = w1; w1 = wt;
	}
	return DEG(w) <= dy ? 1 : 0;
}

/* lcy = LC(g), lcg = lcy*g, lcg0 = const part of lcg */

int sfdtestmain(VL vl,P lcg,UM lcg0,BM lcy,P csum,ML list,
	int k,int *in,P *fp,P *cofp)
{
	P fmul,csumg,q,cont;
	V x,y;

	x = vl->v;
	y = vl->next->v;
	if (!sfctest(lcg0,lcy,list,k,in))
		return 0;
	mulsfbmarray(UDEG(lcg),lcy,list,k,in,x,y,&fmul);
	if ( csum ) {
		sfcsump(vl,fmul,&csumg);
		if ( csumg ) {
			if ( !divtp(vl,csum,csumg,&q) )
				return 0;
		} 
	}
	if ( divtp_by_sfbm(vl,lcg,fmul,&q) ) {
		cont_pp_sfp(vl,fmul,&cont,fp);
		cont_pp_sfp(vl,q,&cont,cofp);
		return 1;
	} else
		return 0;
}

void const_term(P f,UM c)
{
	DCP dc;

	for ( dc = DC(f); dc && DEG(dc); dc = NEXT(dc) );
	if ( dc ) 
		ptosfum(COEF(dc),c);
	else 
		DEG(c) = -1;
}

void const_term_sfbm(BM f,UM c)
{
	int i,dy;

	dy = DEG(f);
	for ( i = 0; i <= dy; i++ )
		if ( DEG(COEF(f)[i]) >= 0 )
			COEF(c)[i] = COEF(COEF(f)[i])[0];
		else
			COEF(c)[i] = 0;
	degum(c,dy);
}

/* lcy*(product of const part) | lcg0 ? */

int sfctest(UM lcg0,BM lcy,ML list,int k,int *in)
{
	int dy,i,dr;
	UM t,s,u,w;
	BM *l;

	dy = list->bound;
	t = W_UMALLOC(2*dy);
	s = W_UMALLOC(2*dy);
	u = W_UMALLOC(2*dy);
	const_term_sfbm(lcy,t);
	if ( DEG(t) < 0 )
		return 1;

	l = (BM *)list->c;
	for ( i = 0; i < k; i++ ) {
		const_term_sfbm(l[in[i]],s);
		mulsfum(t,s,u);
		if ( DEG(u) > dy )
			degum(u,dy);
		w = t; t = u; u = w;
	}
	cpyum(lcg0,s);
	dr = divsfum(s,t,u);
	if ( dr >= 0 )
		return 0;
	else
		return 1;
}

/* main var of f is x */

void mulsfbmarray(int dx,BM lcy,ML list,int k,int *in,V x,V y,P *g)
{
	int dy,i;
	BM wb0,wb1,t;
	BM *l;

	dy = list->bound;
	W_BMALLOC(dx,dy,wb0); W_BMALLOC(dx,dy,wb1);
	l = (BM *)list->c;
	clearbm(dx,wb0);
	mulsfbm(lcy,l[in[0]],wb0);
	for ( i = 1; i < k; i++ ) {
		clearbm(dx,wb1);
		mulsfbm(l[in[i]],wb0,wb1);
		t = wb0; wb0 = wb1; wb1 = t;
	}
	sfbmtop(wb0,x,y,g);
}

void sfcsump(VL vl,P f,P *s)
{
	P t,u;
	DCP dc;

	for ( dc = DC(f), t = 0; dc; dc = NEXT(dc) ) {
		addp(vl,COEF(dc),t,&u); t = u;
	}
	*s = t;
}

/* *fp = primitive part of f w.r.t. x */

void cont_pp_sfp(VL vl,P f,P *cp,P *fp)
{
	V x,y;
	int d;
	UM t,s,gcd;
	DCP dc;
	GFS g;

	x = vl->v;
	y = vl->next->v;
	d = getdeg(y,f);
	if ( d == 0 ) {
		itogfs(1,&g);
		*cp = (P)g;
		*fp = f;  /* XXX */
	} else {
		t = W_UMALLOC(2*d);
		s = W_UMALLOC(2*d);
		gcd = W_UMALLOC(2*d);
		dc = DC(f);
		ptosfum(COEF(dc),gcd);
		for ( dc = NEXT(dc); dc; dc = NEXT(dc) ) {
			ptosfum(COEF(dc),t);
			gcdsfum(gcd,t,s);
			cpyum(s,gcd);
		}
		sfumtop(y,gcd,cp);
		divsp(vl,f,*cp,fp);
	}
}

int divtp_by_sfbm(VL vl,P f,P g,P *qp)
{
	V x,y;
	int fx,fy,gx,gy;
	BM fl,gl,ql;
	UM *cf,*cg,*cq;
	UM hg,q,t,s;
	int i,j,dr;

	x = vl->v; y = vl->next->v;
	fx = getdeg(x,f); fy = getdeg(y,f);
	gx = getdeg(x,g); gy = getdeg(y,g);

	if ( fx < gx || fy < gy )
		return 0;
	W_BMALLOC(fx,fy,fl); ptosfbm(fy,f,fl); cf = COEF(fl);
	W_BMALLOC(gx,gy,gl); ptosfbm(gy,g,gl); cg = COEF(gl);
	W_BMALLOC(fx-gx,fy-gy,ql); cq = COEF(ql);

	hg = cg[gy];
	q = W_UMALLOC(fx); t = W_UMALLOC(fx); s = W_UMALLOC(fx);

	for ( i = fy; i >= gy; i-- ) {
		if ( DEG(cf[i]) < 0 )
			continue;
		dr = divsfum(cf[i],hg,q);
		if ( dr >= 0 )
			return 0;
		if ( DEG(q) > fx-gx )
			return 0;
		cpyum(q,cq[i-gy]);
		for ( j = 0; j <= gy; j++ ) {
			mulsfum(cg[j],q,t);
			subsfum(cf[j+i-gy],t,s);
			cpyum(s,cf[j+i-gy]);
		}
	}
	for ( j = gy-1; j >= 0 && DEG(cf[j]) < 0; j-- );
	if ( j >= 0 )
		return 0;
	sfbmtop(ql,x,y,qp);
	return 1;
}

/* XXX generate an irreducible poly of degree n */

extern int current_gfs_q1;
extern int *current_gfs_ntoi;

void generate_defpoly_sfum(int n,UM *dp)
{
	UM r,dr,t,g;
	UM *f;
	int *c,*w;
	int max,i,j;

	*dp = r = UMALLOC(n);
	DEG(r) = n;
	c = COEF(r);
	c[n] = _onesf();
	max = current_gfs_q1;
	w = (int *)ALLOCA(n*sizeof(int));
	bzero(w,n*sizeof(int));

	dr = W_UMALLOC(n); t = W_UMALLOC(n); g = W_UMALLOC(n);
	f = (UM *)ALLOCA((n+1)*sizeof(UM));
	while ( 1 ) {
		for ( i = 0; i < n && w[i] == max; i++ );
		if ( i == n ) {
			/* XXX cannot happen */
			error("generate_defpoly_sfum : cannot happen");
		}
		for ( j = 0; j < i; j++ )
			w[j] = 0;
		w[i]++;
		if ( !current_gfs_ntoi )
			for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ )
				c[i] = w[i]?FTOIF(w[i]):0;
		else
			for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ )
				c[i] = w[i]?FTOIF(w[i]-1):0;
		if ( !c[0] )
			continue;
		diffsfum(r,dr); cpyum(r,t); gcdsfum(t,dr,g);
		if ( DEG(g) > 0 )
			continue;

		czsfum(r,f);
		for ( i = 0; f[i]; i++ );
		if ( i == 1 )
			return;
	}
}