version 1.1.1.1, 1999/12/03 07:39:09 |
version 1.3, 2000/12/01 09:26:10 |
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Copyright 1988, 1989 Hans-J. Boehm, Alan J. Demers |
Copyright 1988, 1989 Hans-J. Boehm, Alan J. Demers |
Copyright (c) 1991-1996 by Xerox Corporation. All rights reserved. |
Copyright (c) 1991-1996 by Xerox Corporation. All rights reserved. |
Copyright (c) 1996-1998 by Silicon Graphics. All rights reserved. |
Copyright (c) 1996-1999 by Silicon Graphics. All rights reserved. |
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Copyright (c) 1999 by Hewlett-Packard Company. All rights reserved. |
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THIS MATERIAL IS PROVIDED AS IS, WITH ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY EXPRESSED |
THIS MATERIAL IS PROVIDED AS IS, WITH ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY EXPRESSED |
OR IMPLIED. ANY USE IS AT YOUR OWN RISK. |
OR IMPLIED. ANY USE IS AT YOUR OWN RISK. |
Line 11 Permission to modify the code and to distribute modifi |
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Line 12 Permission to modify the code and to distribute modifi |
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provided the above notices are retained, and a notice that the code was |
provided the above notices are retained, and a notice that the code was |
modified is included with the above copyright notice. |
modified is included with the above copyright notice. |
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This is version 5.0alpha2 of a conservative garbage collector for C and C++. |
This is version 5.3 of a conservative garbage collector for C and C++. |
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You might find a more recent version of this at |
You might find a more recent version of this at |
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http://reality.sgi.com/boehm/gc.html |
http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Hans_Boehm/gc |
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HISTORY - |
HISTORY - |
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Early versions of this collector were developed as a part of research |
Early versions of this collector were developed as a part of research |
projects supported in part by the National Science Foundation |
projects supported in part by the National Science Foundation |
and the Defense Advance Research Projects Agency. |
and the Defense Advance Research Projects Agency. |
Much of the code was rewritten by Hans-J. Boehm at Xerox PARC |
Much of the code was rewritten by Hans-J. Boehm (boehm@acm.org) at Xerox PARC, |
and is now maintained by him at SGI (boehm@sgi.com or boehm@acm.org). |
SGI, and HP Labs. |
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Some other contributors: |
Some other contributors: |
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Line 475 intended to run with malloc/free (e.g. code with extre |
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Line 476 intended to run with malloc/free (e.g. code with extre |
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portability constraints). To do so define FIND_LEAK in Makefile |
portability constraints). To do so define FIND_LEAK in Makefile |
This will cause the collector to invoke the report_leak |
This will cause the collector to invoke the report_leak |
routine defined near the top of reclaim.c whenever an inaccessible |
routine defined near the top of reclaim.c whenever an inaccessible |
object is found that has not been explicitly freed. The collector will |
object is found that has not been explicitly freed. Such objects will |
no longer reclaim inaccessible memory; in this form it is purely a |
also be automatically reclaimed. |
debugging tool. |
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Productive use of this facility normally involves redefining report_leak |
Productive use of this facility normally involves redefining report_leak |
to do something more intelligent. This typically requires annotating |
to do something more intelligent. This typically requires annotating |
objects with additional information (e.g. creation time stack trace) that |
objects with additional information (e.g. creation time stack trace) that |
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Since 5.0alpha1 |
Since 5.0alpha1 |
- Fixed bugs introduced in alpha1 (OpenBSD & large block initialization). |
- Fixed bugs introduced in alpha1 (OpenBSD & large block initialization). |
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- Added -DKEEP_BACK_PTRS and backptr.h interface. (The implementation |
- Added -DKEEP_BACK_PTRS and backptr.h interface. (The implementation |
idea came from Al Demers.) |
idea came from Al Demers.) |
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Since 5.0alpha2 |
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- Added some highly incomplete code to support a copied young generation. |
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Comments on nursery.h are appreciated. |
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- Changed -DFIND_LEAK, -DJAVA_FINALIZATION, and -DFINALIZE_ON_DEMAND, |
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so the same effect could be obtained with a runtime switch. This is |
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a step towards standardizing on a single dynamic GC library. |
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- Significantly changed the way leak detection is handled, as a consequence |
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of the above. |
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Since 5.0 alpha3 |
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- Added protection fault handling patch for Linux/M68K from Fergus |
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Henderson and Roman Hodek. |
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- Removed the tests for SGI_SOURCE in new_gc_alloc.h. This was causing that |
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interface to fail on nonSGI platforms. |
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- Changed the Linux stack finding code to use /proc, after changing it |
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to use HEURISTIC1. (Thanks to David Mossberger for pointing out the |
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/proc hook.) |
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- Added HP/UX incremental GC support and HP/UX 11 thread support. |
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Thread support is currently still flakey. |
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- Added basic Linux/IA64 support. |
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- Integrated Anthony Green's PicoJava support. |
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- Integrated Scott Ananian's StrongARM/NetBSD support. |
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- Fixed some fairly serious performance bugs in the incremental |
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collector. These have probably been there essentially forever. |
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(Mark bits were sometimes set before scanning dirty pages. |
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The reclaim phase unnecessarily dirtied full small object pages.) |
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- Changed the reclaim phase to ignore nearly full pages to avoid |
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touching them. |
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- Limited GC_black_list_spacing to roughly the heap growth increment. |
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- Changed full collection triggering heuristic to decrease full GC |
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frequency by default, but to explicitly trigger full GCs during |
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heap growth. This doesn't always improve things, but on average it's |
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probably a win. |
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- GC_debug_free(0, ...) failed. Thanks to Fergus Henderson for the |
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bug report and fix. |
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Since 5.0 alpha4 |
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- GC_malloc_explicitly_typed and friends sometimes failed to |
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initialize first word. |
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- Added allocation routines and support in the marker for mark descriptors |
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in a type structure referenced by the first word of an object. This was |
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introduced to support gcj, but hopefully in a way that makes it |
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generically useful. |
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- Added GC_requested_heapsize, and inhibited collections in nonincremental |
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mode if the actual used heap size is less than what was explicitly |
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requested. |
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- The Solaris pthreads version of GC_pthread_create didn't handle a NULL |
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attribute pointer. Solaris thread support used the wrong default thread |
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stack size. (Thanks to Melissa O'Neill for the patch.) |
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- Changed PUSH_CONTENTS macro to no longer modify first parameter. |
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This usually doesn't matter, but it was certainly an accident waiting |
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to happen ... |
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- Added GC_register_finalizer_no_order and friends to gc.h. They're |
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needed by Java implementations. |
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- Integrated a fix for a win32 deadlock resulting from clock() calling |
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malloc. (Thanks to Chris Dodd.) |
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- Integrated Hiroshi Kawashima's port to Linux/MIPS. This was designed |
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for a handheld platform, and may or may not be sufficient for other |
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machines. |
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- Fixed a va_arg problem with the %c specifier in cordprnt.c. It appears |
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that this was always broken, but recent versions of gcc are the first to |
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report the (statically detectable) bug. |
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- Added an attempt at a more general solution to dlopen races/deadlocks. |
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GC_dlopen now temporarily disables collection. Still not ideal, but ... |
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- Added -DUSE_I686_PREFETCH, -DUSE_3DNOW_PREFETCH, and support for IA64 |
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prefetch instructions. May improve performance measurably, but I'm not |
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sure the code will run correctly on processors that don't support the |
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instruction. Won't build except with very recent gcc. |
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- Added caching for header lookups in the marker. This seems to result |
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in a barely measurable performance gain. Added support for interleaved |
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lookups of two pointers, but unconfigured that since the performance |
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gain is currently near zero, and it adds to code size. |
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- Changed Linux DATA_START definition to check both data_start and |
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__data_start, since nothing else seems to be portable. |
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- Added -DUSE_LD_WRAP to optionally take advantage of the GNU ld function |
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wrapping mechanism. Probably currently useful only on Linux. |
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- Moved some variables for the scratch allocator into GC_arrays, on |
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Martin Hirzel's suggestion. |
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- Fixed a win32 threads bug that caused the collector to not look for |
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interior pointers from one of the thread stacks without |
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ALL_INTERIOR_POINTERS. (Thanks to Jeff Sturm.) |
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- Added Mingw32 support. (Thanks again to Jeff Sturm for the patch.) |
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- Changed the alpha port to use the generic register scanning code instead |
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of alpha_mach_dep.s. Alpha_mach_dep.s doesn't look for pointers in fp |
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registers, but gcc sometimes spills pointers there. (Thanks to Manuel |
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Serrano for helping me debug this by email.) Changed the IA64 code to |
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do something similar for similar reasons. |
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Since 5.0alpha6: |
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- -DREDIRECT_MALLOC was broken in alpha6. Fixed. |
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- Cleaned up gc_ccp.h slightly, thus also causing the HP C++ compiler to |
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accept it. |
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- Removed accidental reference to dbg_mlc.c, which caused dbg_mlc.o to be |
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linked into every executable. |
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- Added PREFETCH to bitmap marker. Changed it to use the header cache. |
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- GC_push_marked sometimes pushed one object too many, resulting in a |
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segmentation fault in GC_mark_from_mark_stack. This was probably an old |
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bug. It finally showed up in gctest on win32. |
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- Gc_priv.h erroneously #defined GC_incremental to be TRUE instead of FALSE |
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when SMALL_CONFIG was defined. This was no doubt a major performance bug for |
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the default win32 configuration. |
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- Removed -DSMALL_CONFIG from NT_MAKEFILE. It seemed like an anchronism now |
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that the average PC has 64MB or so. |
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- Integrated Bryce McKinley's patches for linux threads and dynamic loading |
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from the libgcj tree. Turned on dynamic loading support for Linux/PPC. |
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- Changed the stack finding code to use environ on HP/UX. (Thanks |
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to Gustavo Rodriguez-Rivera for the suggestion.) This should probably |
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be done on other platforms, too. Since I can't test those, that'll |
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wait until after 5.0. |
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Since 5.0alpha7: |
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- Fixed threadlibs.c for linux threads. -DUSE_LD_WRAP was broken and |
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-ldl was omitted. Fixed Linux stack finding code to handle |
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-DUSE_LD_WRAP correctly. |
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- Added MSWIN32 exception handler around marker, so that the collector |
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can recover from root segments that are unmapped during the collection. |
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This caused occasional failures under Windows 98, and may also be |
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an issue under Windows NT/2000. |
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Since 5.0 |
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- Fixed a gc.h header bug which showed up under Irix. (Thanks to |
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Dan Sullivan.) |
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- Fixed a typo in GC_double_descr in typd_mlc.c not getting traced correctly. |
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This probably could result in objects described by array descriptors not |
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getting traced correctly. (Thanks to Ben Hutchings for pointing this out.) |
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- The block nearly full tests in reclaim.c were not correct for 64 bit |
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environments. This could result in unnecessary heap growth under unlikely |
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conditions. |
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- Removed use of CLEAR_DOUBLE from generic reclaim code, since odd sizes |
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could occur. |
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Since 5.1 |
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- dyn_load.c declared GC_scratch_last_end_ptr as an extern even if it |
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was defined as a macro. This prevented the collector from building on |
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Irix. |
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- We quietly assumed that indirect mark descriptors were never 0. |
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Our own typed allocation interface violated that. This could result |
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in segmentation faults in the marker with typed allocation. |
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- Fixed a _DUSE_MUNMAP bug in the heap block allocation code. |
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(Thanks to Ben Hutchings for the patch.) |
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- Taught the collector about VC++ handling array operator new. |
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(Thanks again to Ben Hutchings for the patch.) |
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- The two copies of gc_hdrs.h had diverged. Made one a link to the other |
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again. |
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Since 5.2 |
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- Fixed _end declaration for OSF1. |
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- There were lots of spurious leak reports in leak detection mode, caused |
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by the fact that some pages were not being swept, and hence unmarked |
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objects weren't making it onto free lists. (This bug dated back to 5.0.) |
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- Fixed a typo in the liblinuxgc.so Makefile rule. |
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- Added the GetExitCodeThread to Win32 GC_stop_world to (mostly) work |
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around a Windows 95 GetOpenFileName problem. (Thanks to Jacob Navia.) |
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To do: |
To do: |
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- Integrate Linux/SPARC fixes. |
- Very large root set sizes (> 16 MB or so) could cause the collector |
- Very large root set sizes (> 16 MB or so) could cause the collector |
to abort with an unexpected mark stack overflow. (Thanks again to |
to abort with an unexpected mark stack overflow. (Thanks again to |
Peter Chubb.) NOT YET FIXED. Workaround is to increase the initial |
Peter Chubb.) NOT YET FIXED. Workaround is to increase the initial |
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be possible to conditionally intercept mmap and use GC_exclude_static_roots. |
be possible to conditionally intercept mmap and use GC_exclude_static_roots. |
The real fix is to walk rld data structures, which looks possible. |
The real fix is to walk rld data structures, which looks possible. |
- Integrate MIT and DEC pthreads ports. |
- Integrate MIT and DEC pthreads ports. |
- Deal with very uneven black-listing distributions. If all the black listed |
- Incremental collector should handle large objects better. Currently, |
blocks reside in the newly allocated heap section, the heuristic for |
it looks like the whole object is treated as dirty if any part of it |
temporarily ignoring black-listing fails, and the heap grows too much. |
is. |
(This was observed in only one case, and could be worked around, but ...) |
- Cord/cordprnt.c doesn't build on a few platforms (notably PowerPC), since |
- Some platform specific updates are waiting for 4.15alpha1. |
we make some unwarranted assumptions about how varargs are handled. This |
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currently makes the cord-aware versions of printf unusable on some platforms. |
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Fixing this is unfortunately not trivial. |