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Revision 1.47, Mon Feb 1 08:06:33 2021 UTC (3 years, 1 month ago) by noro
Branch: MAIN
Changes since 1.46: +133 -52 lines

In nd_sba_buch, s-pairs are stored separately with respect to signature.

/* $OpenXM: OpenXM_contrib2/asir2018/engine/nd.c,v 1.47 2021/02/01 08:06:33 noro Exp $ */

#include "nd.h"

void print_siglist(NODE l);

int Nnd_add,Nf4_red,NcriB,NcriMF,Ncri2,Npairs,Nnewpair;
struct oEGT eg_search,f4_symb,f4_conv,f4_elim1,f4_elim2;

int diag_period = 6;
int weight_check = 1;
int (*ndl_compare_function)(UINT *a1,UINT *a2);
/* for general module order */
int (*ndl_base_compare_function)(UINT *a1,UINT *a2);
int (*dl_base_compare_function)(int nv,DL a,DL b);
int nd_base_ordtype;
int nd_dcomp;
int nd_rref2;
NM _nm_free_list;
ND _nd_free_list;
ND_pairs _ndp_free_list;
NODE nd_hcf;
int Nsyz,Nsamesig;

Obj nd_top_weight;

static NODE nd_subst;
static VL nd_vc;
static int nd_ntrans;
static int nd_nalg;
#if 0
static int ndv_alloc;
#endif
#if 1
static int nd_f4_nsp=0x7fffffff;
#else
static int nd_f4_nsp=50;
#endif
static double nd_scale=2;
static UINT **nd_bound;
static struct order_spec *nd_ord;
static EPOS nd_epos;
static BlockMask nd_blockmask;
static int nd_nvar;
static int nd_isrlex;
static int nd_epw,nd_bpe,nd_wpd,nd_exporigin;
static UINT nd_mask[32];
static UINT nd_mask0,nd_mask1;

static NDV *nd_ps;
static NDV *nd_ps_trace;
static NDV *nd_ps_sym;
static NDV *nd_ps_trace_sym;
static RHist *nd_psh;
static int nd_psn,nd_pslen,nd_nbase;
static RHist *nd_red;
static int *nd_work_vector;
static int **nd_matrix;
static int nd_matrix_len;
static struct weight_or_block *nd_worb;
static int nd_worb_len;
static int nd_found,nd_create,nd_notfirst;
static int nmv_adv;
static int nd_demand;
static int nd_module,nd_module_ordtype,nd_mpos,nd_pot_nelim;
static int nd_module_rank,nd_poly_weight_len;
static int *nd_poly_weight,*nd_module_weight;
static NODE nd_tracelist;
static NODE nd_alltracelist;
static int nd_gentrace,nd_gensyz,nd_nora,nd_newelim,nd_intersect,nd_lf,nd_norb;
static int nd_f4_td,nd_sba_f4step,nd_sba_pot,nd_sba_largelcm,nd_sba_dontsort,nd_sba_redundant_check;
static int nd_top,nd_sba_syz,nd_sba_inputisgb;
static int *nd_gbblock;
static NODE nd_nzlist,nd_check_splist;
static int nd_splist;
static int *nd_sugarweight;
static int nd_f4red,nd_rank0,nd_last_nonzero;
static DL *nd_sba_hm;
static NODE *nd_sba_pos;

struct comp_sig_spec {
  int n;
  // current_i <-> oldv[i]
  int *oldv;
  int *weight;
  struct order_pair *order_pair;
  int block_length;
  int **matrix;
  int row;
  int (*cmpdl)(int n,DL d1,DL d2);
};

struct comp_sig_spec *nd_sba_modord;

NumberField get_numberfield();
UINT *nd_det_compute_bound(NDV **dm,int n,int j);
void nd_det_reconstruct(NDV **dm,int n,int j,NDV d);
void nd_heu_nezgcdnpz(VL vl,P *pl,int m,int full,P *pr);
int nd_monic(int m,ND *p);
NDV plain_vect_to_ndv_q(Z *mat,int col,UINT *s0vect);
LIST ndvtopl(int mod,VL vl,VL dvl,NDV p,int rank);
NDV pltondv(VL vl,VL dvl,LIST p);
void pltozpl(LIST l,Q *cont,LIST *pp);
void ndl_max(UINT *d1,unsigned *d2,UINT *d);
void nmtodp(int mod,NM m,DP *r);
void ndltodp(UINT *d,DP *r);
NODE reverse_node(NODE n);
P ndc_div(int mod,union oNDC a,union oNDC b);
P ndctop(int mod,union oNDC c);
void finalize_tracelist(int i,P cont);
void conv_ilist(int demand,int trace,NODE g,int **indp);
void parse_nd_option(VL vl,NODE opt);
void dltondl(int n,DL dl,UINT *r);
DP ndvtodp(int mod,NDV p);
DP ndtodp(int mod,ND p);
DPM ndvtodpm(int mod,NDV p);
NDV dptondv(int mod,DP p);
NDV dpmtondv(int mod,DPM p);
int dp_getdeg(DP p);
int dpm_getdeg(DPM p,int *rank);
void dpm_ptozp(DPM p,Z *cont,DPM *r);
int compdmm(int nv,DMM a,DMM b);
DPM sigtodpm(SIG s);
SIG dup_sig(SIG sig);

void Pdp_set_weight(NODE,VECT *);
void Pox_cmo_rpc(NODE,Obj *);

ND nd_add_lf(ND p1,ND p2);
void nd_mul_c_lf(ND p,Z mul);
void ndv_mul_c_lf(NDV p,Z mul);
NODE nd_f4_red_main(int m,ND_pairs sp0,int nsp,UINT *s0vect,int col,
        NM_ind_pair *rvect,int *rhead,IndArray *imat,int nred,ND_pairs *nz);
NODE nd_f4_red_mod64_main(int m,ND_pairs sp0,int nsp,UINT *s0vect,int col,
        NM_ind_pair *rvect,int *rhead,IndArray *imat,int nred,ND_pairs *nz);
NODE nd_f4_red_lf_main(int m,ND_pairs sp0,int nsp,int trace,UINT *s0vect,int col,
        NM_ind_pair *rvect,int *rhead,IndArray *imat,int nred);
int nd_gauss_elim_lf(mpz_t **mat0,int *sugar,int row,int col,int *colstat);
int nd_gauss_elim_mod_s(UINT **mat,int *sugar,ND_pairs *spactive,int row,int col,int md,int *colstat,SIG *sig);
NODE nd_f4_lf_trace_main(int m,int **indp);
void nd_f4_lf_trace(LIST f,LIST v,int trace,int homo,struct order_spec *ord,LIST *rp);

extern int lf_lazy;
extern Z current_mod_lf;

extern int Denominator,DP_Multiple,MaxDeg;

#define BLEN (8*sizeof(unsigned long))

typedef struct matrix {
  int row,col;
  unsigned long **a;
} *matrix;


void nd_free_private_storage()
{
    _nm_free_list = 0;
    _ndp_free_list = 0;
#if 0
    GC_gcollect();
#endif
}

void _NM_alloc()
{
    NM p;
    int i;

    for ( i = 0; i < 1024; i++ ) {
        p = (NM)MALLOC(sizeof(struct oNM)+(nd_wpd-1)*sizeof(UINT));
        p->next = _nm_free_list; _nm_free_list = p;
    }
}

matrix alloc_matrix(int row,int col)
{
  unsigned long **a;
  int i,len,blen;
  matrix mat;

  mat = (matrix)MALLOC(sizeof(struct matrix));
  mat->row = row;
  mat->col = col;
  mat->a = a = (unsigned long **)MALLOC(row*sizeof(unsigned long *));
  return mat;
}


void _ND_alloc()
{
    ND p;
    int i;

    for ( i = 0; i < 1024; i++ ) {
        p = (ND)MALLOC(sizeof(struct oND));
        p->body = (NM)_nd_free_list; _nd_free_list = p;
    }
}

void _NDP_alloc()
{
    ND_pairs p;
    int i;

    for ( i = 0; i < 1024; i++ ) {
        p = (ND_pairs)MALLOC(sizeof(struct oND_pairs)
            +(nd_wpd-1)*sizeof(UINT));
        p->next = _ndp_free_list; _ndp_free_list = p;
    }
}

INLINE int nd_length(ND p)
{
    NM m;
    int i;

    if ( !p )
        return 0;
    else {
        for ( i = 0, m = BDY(p); m; m = NEXT(m), i++ );
        return i;
    }
}

extern int dp_negative_weight;

INLINE int ndl_reducible(UINT *d1,UINT *d2)
{
    UINT u1,u2;
    int i,j;

    if ( nd_module && (MPOS(d1) != MPOS(d2)) ) return 0;

    if ( !dp_negative_weight && TD(d1) < TD(d2) ) return 0;
#if USE_UNROLL
    switch ( nd_bpe ) {
        case 3:
            for ( i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) {
                u1 = d1[i]; u2 = d2[i];
                if ( (u1&0x38000000) < (u2&0x38000000) ) return 0;
                if ( (u1& 0x7000000) < (u2& 0x7000000) ) return 0;
                if ( (u1&  0xe00000) < (u2&  0xe00000) ) return 0;
                if ( (u1&  0x1c0000) < (u2&  0x1c0000) ) return 0;
                if ( (u1&   0x38000) < (u2&   0x38000) ) return 0;
                if ( (u1&    0x7000) < (u2&    0x7000) ) return 0;
                if ( (u1&     0xe00) < (u2&     0xe00) ) return 0;
                if ( (u1&     0x1c0) < (u2&     0x1c0) ) return 0;
                if ( (u1&      0x38) < (u2&      0x38) ) return 0;
                if ( (u1&       0x7) < (u2&       0x7) ) return 0;
            }
            return 1;
            break;
        case 4:
            for ( i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) {
                u1 = d1[i]; u2 = d2[i];
                if ( (u1&0xf0000000) < (u2&0xf0000000) ) return 0;
                if ( (u1& 0xf000000) < (u2& 0xf000000) ) return 0;
                if ( (u1&  0xf00000) < (u2&  0xf00000) ) return 0;
                if ( (u1&   0xf0000) < (u2&   0xf0000) ) return 0;
                if ( (u1&    0xf000) < (u2&    0xf000) ) return 0;
                if ( (u1&     0xf00) < (u2&     0xf00) ) return 0;
                if ( (u1&      0xf0) < (u2&      0xf0) ) return 0;
                if ( (u1&       0xf) < (u2&       0xf) ) return 0;
            }
            return 1;
            break;
        case 6:
            for ( i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) {
                u1 = d1[i]; u2 = d2[i];
                if ( (u1&0x3f000000) < (u2&0x3f000000) ) return 0;
                if ( (u1&  0xfc0000) < (u2&  0xfc0000) ) return 0;
                if ( (u1&   0x3f000) < (u2&   0x3f000) ) return 0;
                if ( (u1&     0xfc0) < (u2&     0xfc0) ) return 0;
                if ( (u1&      0x3f) < (u2&      0x3f) ) return 0;
            }
            return 1;
            break;
        case 8:
            for ( i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) {
                u1 = d1[i]; u2 = d2[i];
                if ( (u1&0xff000000) < (u2&0xff000000) ) return 0;
                if ( (u1&  0xff0000) < (u2&  0xff0000) ) return 0;
                if ( (u1&    0xff00) < (u2&    0xff00) ) return 0;
                if ( (u1&      0xff) < (u2&      0xff) ) return 0;
            }
            return 1;
            break;
        case 16:
            for ( i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) {
                u1 = d1[i]; u2 = d2[i];
                if ( (u1&0xffff0000) < (u2&0xffff0000) ) return 0;
                if ( (u1&    0xffff) < (u2&    0xffff) ) return 0;
            }
            return 1;
            break;
        case 32:
            for ( i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ )
                if ( d1[i] < d2[i] ) return 0;
            return 1;
            break;
        default:
            for ( i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) {
                u1 = d1[i]; u2 = d2[i];
                for ( j = 0; j < nd_epw; j++ )
                    if ( (u1&nd_mask[j]) < (u2&nd_mask[j]) ) return 0;
            }
            return 1;
    }
#else
    for ( i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) {
        u1 = d1[i]; u2 = d2[i];
        for ( j = 0; j < nd_epw; j++ )
            if ( (u1&nd_mask[j]) < (u2&nd_mask[j]) ) return 0;
    }
    return 1;
#endif
}

/*
 * If the current order is a block order,
 * then the last block is length 1 and contains
 * the homo variable. Otherwise, the original
 * order is either 0 or 2.
 */

void ndl_homogenize(UINT *d,UINT *r,int obpe,EPOS oepos,int ompos,int weight)
{
    int w,i,e,n,omask0;

    omask0 = obpe==32?0xffffffff:((1<<obpe)-1);
    n = nd_nvar-1;
    ndl_zero(r);
    for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
        e = GET_EXP_OLD(d,i);
        PUT_EXP(r,i,e);
    }
    w = TD(d);
    PUT_EXP(r,nd_nvar-1,weight-w);
    if ( nd_module ) MPOS(r) = d[ompos];
    TD(r) = weight;
    if ( nd_blockmask ) ndl_weight_mask(r);
}

void ndl_dehomogenize(UINT *d)
{
    UINT mask;
    UINT h;
    int i,bits;

    if ( nd_blockmask ) {
        h = GET_EXP(d,nd_nvar-1);
        XOR_EXP(d,nd_nvar-1,h);
        TD(d) -= h;
        ndl_weight_mask(d);
    } else {
        if ( nd_isrlex ) {
            if ( nd_bpe == 32 ) {
                h = d[nd_exporigin];
                for ( i = nd_exporigin+1; i < nd_wpd; i++ )
                    d[i-1] = d[i];
                d[i-1] = 0;
                TD(d) -= h;
            } else {
                bits = nd_epw*nd_bpe;
                mask = bits==32?0xffffffff:((1<<(nd_epw*nd_bpe))-1);
                h = (d[nd_exporigin]>>((nd_epw-1)*nd_bpe))&nd_mask0;
                for ( i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ )
                    d[i] = ((d[i]<<nd_bpe)&mask)
                        |(i+1<nd_wpd?((d[i+1]>>((nd_epw-1)*nd_bpe))&nd_mask0):0);
                TD(d) -= h;
            }
        } else {
            h = GET_EXP(d,nd_nvar-1);
            XOR_EXP(d,nd_nvar-1,h);
            TD(d) -= h;
        }
    }
}

void ndl_lcm(UINT *d1,unsigned *d2,UINT *d)
{
    UINT t1,t2,u,u1,u2;
    int i,j,l;

    if ( nd_module && (MPOS(d1) != MPOS(d2)) )
        error("ndl_lcm : inconsistent monomials");
#if USE_UNROLL
    switch ( nd_bpe ) {
        case 3:
            for ( i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) {
                u1 = d1[i]; u2 = d2[i];
                t1 = (u1&0x38000000); t2 = (u2&0x38000000); u = t1>t2?t1:t2;
                t1 = (u1& 0x7000000); t2 = (u2& 0x7000000); u |= t1>t2?t1:t2;
                t1 = (u1&  0xe00000); t2 = (u2&  0xe00000); u |= t1>t2?t1:t2;
                t1 = (u1&  0x1c0000); t2 = (u2&  0x1c0000); u |= t1>t2?t1:t2;
                t1 = (u1&   0x38000); t2 = (u2&   0x38000); u |= t1>t2?t1:t2;
                t1 = (u1&    0x7000); t2 = (u2&    0x7000); u |= t1>t2?t1:t2;
                t1 = (u1&     0xe00); t2 = (u2&     0xe00); u |= t1>t2?t1:t2;
                t1 = (u1&     0x1c0); t2 = (u2&     0x1c0); u |= t1>t2?t1:t2;
                t1 = (u1&      0x38); t2 = (u2&      0x38); u |= t1>t2?t1:t2;
                t1 = (u1&       0x7); t2 = (u2&       0x7); u |= t1>t2?t1:t2;
                d[i] = u;
            }
            break;
        case 4:
            for ( i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) {
                u1 = d1[i]; u2 = d2[i];
                t1 = (u1&0xf0000000); t2 = (u2&0xf0000000); u = t1>t2?t1:t2;
                t1 = (u1& 0xf000000); t2 = (u2& 0xf000000); u |= t1>t2?t1:t2;
                t1 = (u1&  0xf00000); t2 = (u2&  0xf00000); u |= t1>t2?t1:t2;
                t1 = (u1&   0xf0000); t2 = (u2&   0xf0000); u |= t1>t2?t1:t2;
                t1 = (u1&    0xf000); t2 = (u2&    0xf000); u |= t1>t2?t1:t2;
                t1 = (u1&     0xf00); t2 = (u2&     0xf00); u |= t1>t2?t1:t2;
                t1 = (u1&      0xf0); t2 = (u2&      0xf0); u |= t1>t2?t1:t2;
                t1 = (u1&       0xf); t2 = (u2&       0xf); u |= t1>t2?t1:t2;
                d[i] = u;
            }
            break;
        case 6:
            for ( i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) {
                u1 = d1[i]; u2 = d2[i];
                t1 = (u1&0x3f000000); t2 = (u2&0x3f000000); u = t1>t2?t1:t2;
                t1 = (u1&  0xfc0000); t2 = (u2&  0xfc0000); u |= t1>t2?t1:t2;
                t1 = (u1&   0x3f000); t2 = (u2&   0x3f000); u |= t1>t2?t1:t2;
                t1 = (u1&     0xfc0); t2 = (u2&     0xfc0); u |= t1>t2?t1:t2;
                t1 = (u1&      0x3f); t2 = (u2&      0x3f); u |= t1>t2?t1:t2;
                d[i] = u;
            }
            break;
        case 8:
            for ( i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) {
                u1 = d1[i]; u2 = d2[i];
                t1 = (u1&0xff000000); t2 = (u2&0xff000000); u = t1>t2?t1:t2;
                t1 = (u1&  0xff0000); t2 = (u2&  0xff0000); u |= t1>t2?t1:t2;
                t1 = (u1&    0xff00); t2 = (u2&    0xff00); u |= t1>t2?t1:t2;
                t1 = (u1&      0xff); t2 = (u2&      0xff); u |= t1>t2?t1:t2;
                d[i] = u;
            }
            break;
        case 16:
            for ( i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) {
                u1 = d1[i]; u2 = d2[i];
                t1 = (u1&0xffff0000); t2 = (u2&0xffff0000); u = t1>t2?t1:t2;
                t1 = (u1&    0xffff); t2 = (u2&    0xffff); u |= t1>t2?t1:t2;
                d[i] = u;
            }
            break;
        case 32:
            for ( i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) {
                u1 = d1[i]; u2 = d2[i]; 
                d[i] = u1>u2?u1:u2;
            }
            break;
        default:
            for ( i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) {
                u1 = d1[i]; u2 = d2[i]; 
                for ( j = 0, u = 0; j < nd_epw; j++ ) {
                    t1 = (u1&nd_mask[j]); t2 = (u2&nd_mask[j]); u |= t1>t2?t1:t2;
                }
                d[i] = u;
            }
            break;
    }
#else
    for ( i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) {
        u1 = d1[i]; u2 = d2[i]; 
        for ( j = 0, u = 0; j < nd_epw; j++ ) {
            t1 = (u1&nd_mask[j]); t2 = (u2&nd_mask[j]); u |= t1>t2?t1:t2;
        }
        d[i] = u;
    }
#endif
    if ( nd_module ) MPOS(d) = MPOS(d1);
    TD(d) = ndl_weight(d);
    if ( nd_blockmask ) ndl_weight_mask(d);
}

void ndl_max(UINT *d1,unsigned *d2,UINT *d)
{
    UINT t1,t2,u,u1,u2;
    int i,j,l;

    for ( i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) {
        u1 = d1[i]; u2 = d2[i]; 
        for ( j = 0, u = 0; j < nd_epw; j++ ) {
            t1 = (u1&nd_mask[j]); t2 = (u2&nd_mask[j]); u |= t1>t2?t1:t2;
        }
        d[i] = u;
    }
}

int ndl_weight(UINT *d)
{
    UINT t,u;
    int i,j;

    if ( current_dl_weight_vector )
        for ( i = 0, t = 0; i < nd_nvar; i++ ) {
            u = GET_EXP(d,i);
            t += MUL_WEIGHT(u,i);
        }
    else
        for ( t = 0, i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) {
            u = d[i];
            for ( j = 0; j < nd_epw; j++, u>>=nd_bpe )
                t += (u&nd_mask0); 
        }
    if ( nd_module && nd_module_rank && MPOS(d) )
        t += nd_module_weight[MPOS(d)-1];
    for ( i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ )
      if ( d[i] && !t ) 
        printf("afo\n");
    return t;
}

/* for sugarweight */

int ndl_weight2(UINT *d)
{
    int t,u;
    int i,j;

    for ( i = 0, t = 0; i < nd_nvar; i++ ) {
        u = GET_EXP(d,i);
        t += nd_sugarweight[i]*u;
    }
    if ( nd_module && nd_module_rank && MPOS(d) )
        t += nd_module_weight[MPOS(d)-1];
    return t;
}

void ndl_weight_mask(UINT *d)
{
    UINT t,u;
    UINT *mask;
    int i,j,k,l;

    l = nd_blockmask->n;
    for ( k = 0; k < l; k++ ) {
        mask = nd_blockmask->mask[k];
        if ( current_dl_weight_vector )
            for ( i = 0, t = 0; i < nd_nvar; i++ ) {
                u = GET_EXP_MASK(d,i,mask);
                t += MUL_WEIGHT(u,i);
            }
        else
            for ( t = 0, i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) {
                u = d[i]&mask[i];
                for ( j = 0; j < nd_epw; j++, u>>=nd_bpe )
                    t += (u&nd_mask0); 
            }
        d[k+1] = t;
    }
}

int ndl_glex_compare(UINT *d1,UINT *d2)
{
  if ( TD(d1) > TD(d2) ) return 1;
  else if ( TD(d1) < TD(d2) ) return -1;
  else return ndl_lex_compare(d1,d2);
}

int ndl_lex_compare(UINT *d1,UINT *d2)
{
    int i;

    d1 += nd_exporigin;
    d2 += nd_exporigin;
    for ( i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++, d1++, d2++ )
        if ( *d1 > *d2 )
            return nd_isrlex ? -1 : 1;
        else if ( *d1 < *d2 )
            return nd_isrlex ? 1 : -1;
    return 0;
}

int ndl_block_compare(UINT *d1,UINT *d2)
{
    int i,l,j,ord_o,ord_l;
    struct order_pair *op;
    UINT t1,t2,m;
    UINT *mask;

    l = nd_blockmask->n;
    op = nd_blockmask->order_pair; 
    for ( j = 0; j < l; j++ ) {
        mask = nd_blockmask->mask[j];
        ord_o = op[j].order;
        if ( ord_o < 2 ) {
            if ( (t1=d1[j+1]) > (t2=d2[j+1]) ) return 1;
            else if ( t1 < t2 ) return -1;
        }
        for ( i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) {
            m = mask[i];
            t1 = d1[i]&m;
            t2 = d2[i]&m;
            if ( t1 > t2 )
                return !ord_o ? -1 : 1;
            else if ( t1 < t2 )
                return !ord_o ? 1 : -1;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

int ndl_matrix_compare(UINT *d1,UINT *d2)
{
  int i,j,s,row;
  int *v;
  Z **mat;
  Z *w;
  Z t1;
  Z t,t2;

  for ( j = 0; j < nd_nvar; j++ )
    nd_work_vector[j] = GET_EXP(d1,j)-GET_EXP(d2,j);
  if ( nd_top_weight ) {
    if ( OID(nd_top_weight) == O_VECT ) {
      mat = (Z **)&BDY((VECT)nd_top_weight);
      row = 1;
    } else {
      mat = (Z **)BDY((MAT)nd_top_weight);
      row = ((MAT)nd_top_weight)->row;
    }
    for ( i = 0; i < row; i++ ) {
      w = mat[i];
      for ( j = 0, t = 0; j < nd_nvar; j++ ) {
        STOZ(nd_work_vector[j],t1);
        mulz(w[j],t1,&t2);
        addz(t,t2,&t1);
        t = t1;
      }
      if ( t ) {
        s = sgnz(t); 
        if ( s > 0 ) return 1;
        else if ( s < 0 ) return -1;
      }
    }
  }
  for ( i = 0; i < nd_matrix_len; i++ ) {
    v = nd_matrix[i];
    for ( j = 0, s = 0; j < nd_nvar; j++ )
      s += v[j]*nd_work_vector[j];
    if ( s > 0 ) return 1;
    else if ( s < 0 ) return -1;
  }
  if ( !ndl_equal(d1,d2) )
    error("ndl_matrix_compare : invalid matrix");
  return 0;
}

int ndl_composite_compare(UINT *d1,UINT *d2)
{
    int i,j,s,start,end,len,o;
    int *v;
    struct sparse_weight *sw;

    for ( j = 0; j < nd_nvar; j++ )
        nd_work_vector[j] = GET_EXP(d1,j)-GET_EXP(d2,j);
    for ( i = 0; i < nd_worb_len; i++ ) {
        len = nd_worb[i].length;
        switch ( nd_worb[i].type ) {
            case IS_DENSE_WEIGHT:
                v = nd_worb[i].body.dense_weight;
                for ( j = 0, s = 0; j < len; j++ )
                    s += v[j]*nd_work_vector[j];
                if ( s > 0 ) return 1;
                else if ( s < 0 ) return -1;
                break;
            case IS_SPARSE_WEIGHT:
                sw = nd_worb[i].body.sparse_weight;
                for ( j = 0, s = 0; j < len; j++ )
                    s += sw[j].value*nd_work_vector[sw[j].pos];
                if ( s > 0 ) return 1;
                else if ( s < 0 ) return -1;
                break;
            case IS_BLOCK:
                o = nd_worb[i].body.block.order;
                start = nd_worb[i].body.block.start;
                switch ( o ) {
                    case 0:
                        end = start+len;
                        for ( j = start, s = 0; j < end; j++ )
                            s += MUL_WEIGHT(nd_work_vector[j],j);
                        if ( s > 0 ) return 1;
                        else if ( s < 0 ) return -1;
                        for ( j = end-1; j >= start; j-- )
                            if ( nd_work_vector[j] < 0 ) return 1;
                            else if ( nd_work_vector[j] > 0 ) return -1;
                        break;
                    case 1:
                        end = start+len;
                        for ( j = start, s = 0; j < end; j++ )
                            s += MUL_WEIGHT(nd_work_vector[j],j);
                        if ( s > 0 ) return 1;
                        else if ( s < 0 ) return -1;
                        for ( j = start; j < end; j++ )
                            if ( nd_work_vector[j] > 0 ) return 1;
                            else if ( nd_work_vector[j] < 0 ) return -1;
                        break;
                    case 2:
                        end = start+len;
                        for ( j = start; j < end; j++ )
                            if ( nd_work_vector[j] > 0 ) return 1;
                            else if ( nd_work_vector[j] < 0 ) return -1;
                        break;
                }
                break;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

/* TDH -> WW -> TD-> RL */

int ndl_ww_lex_compare(UINT *d1,UINT *d2)
{
    int i,m,e1,e2;

    if ( TD(d1) > TD(d2) ) return 1;
    else if ( TD(d1) < TD(d2) ) return -1;
    m = nd_nvar>>1;
    for ( i = 0, e1 = e2 = 0; i < m; i++ ) {
        e1 += current_weyl_weight_vector[i]*(GET_EXP(d1,m+i)-GET_EXP(d1,i));
        e2 += current_weyl_weight_vector[i]*(GET_EXP(d2,m+i)-GET_EXP(d2,i));
    }
    if ( e1 > e2 ) return 1;
    else if ( e1 < e2 ) return -1;
    return ndl_lex_compare(d1,d2);
}

// common function for module glex and grlex comparison
int ndl_module_glex_compare(UINT *d1,UINT *d2)
{
  int c;

  switch ( nd_module_ordtype ) {
    case 0:
      if ( TD(d1) > TD(d2) ) return 1;
      else if ( TD(d1) < TD(d2) ) return -1;
      else if ( (c = ndl_lex_compare(d1,d2)) != 0 ) return c;
      else if ( MPOS(d1) < MPOS(d2) ) return 1;
      else if ( MPOS(d1) > MPOS(d2) ) return -1;
      else return 0;
      break;

    case 1:
      if ( nd_pot_nelim && MPOS(d1)>=nd_pot_nelim+1 && MPOS(d2) >= nd_pot_nelim+1 ) {
         if ( TD(d1) > TD(d2) ) return 1;
         else if ( TD(d1) < TD(d2) ) return -1;
         if ( (c = ndl_lex_compare(d1,d2)) != 0 ) return c;
         if ( MPOS(d1) < MPOS(d2) ) return 1;
         else if ( MPOS(d1) > MPOS(d2) ) return -1;
      }
      if ( MPOS(d1) < MPOS(d2) ) return 1;
      else if ( MPOS(d1) > MPOS(d2) ) return -1;
      else if ( TD(d1) > TD(d2) ) return 1;
      else if ( TD(d1) < TD(d2) ) return -1;
      else return ndl_lex_compare(d1,d2);
      break;

    case 2: // weight -> POT
      if ( TD(d1) > TD(d2) ) return 1;
      else if ( TD(d1) < TD(d2) ) return -1;
      else if ( MPOS(d1) < MPOS(d2) ) return 1;
      else if ( MPOS(d1) > MPOS(d2) ) return -1;
      else return ndl_lex_compare(d1,d2);
      break;

    default:    
      error("ndl_module_glex_compare : invalid module_ordtype");
      return 0;
  }
}

// common  for module comparison
int ndl_module_compare(UINT *d1,UINT *d2)
{
  int c;

  switch ( nd_module_ordtype ) {
    case 0:
      if ( (c = (*ndl_base_compare_function)(d1,d2)) != 0 ) return c;
      else if ( MPOS(d1) > MPOS(d2) ) return -1;
      else if ( MPOS(d1) < MPOS(d2) ) return 1;
      else return 0;
      break;

    case 1:
      if ( MPOS(d1) < MPOS(d2) ) return 1;
      else if ( MPOS(d1) > MPOS(d2) ) return -1;
      else return (*ndl_base_compare_function)(d1,d2); 
      break;

    case 2: // weight -> POT
      if ( TD(d1) > TD(d2) ) return 1;
      else if ( TD(d1) < TD(d2) ) return -1;
      else if ( MPOS(d1) < MPOS(d2) ) return 1;
      else if ( MPOS(d1) > MPOS(d2) ) return -1;
      else return (*ndl_base_compare_function)(d1,d2); 
      break;

    default:    
      error("ndl_module_compare : invalid module_ordtype");
      return 0;
  }
}

extern DMMstack dmm_stack;
void _addtodl(int n,DL d1,DL d2);
void _adddl(int n,DL d1,DL d2,DL d3);
int _eqdl(int n,DL d1,DL d2);

int ndl_module_schreyer_compare(UINT *m1,UINT *m2)
{
  int pos1,pos2,t,j,retpot;
  DMM *in;
  DMMstack s;
  static DL d1=0;
  static DL d2=0;
  static int dlen=0;
  extern int ReversePOT;

  if ( ReversePOT ) retpot = -1;
  else retpot = 1;
  pos1 = MPOS(m1); pos2 = MPOS(m2);
  if ( pos1 == pos2 ) return (*ndl_base_compare_function)(m1,m2);
  if ( nd_nvar > dlen ) {
    NEWDL(d1,nd_nvar);
    NEWDL(d2,nd_nvar);
    dlen = nd_nvar;
  }
  d1->td = TD(m1);
  for ( j = 0; j < nd_nvar; j++ ) d1->d[j] = GET_EXP(m1,j);
  d2->td = TD(m2);
  for ( j = 0; j < nd_nvar; j++ ) d2->d[j] = GET_EXP(m2,j);
  for ( s = dmm_stack; s; s = NEXT(s) ) {
    in = s->in;
    _addtodl(nd_nvar,in[pos1]->dl,d1);
    _addtodl(nd_nvar,in[pos2]->dl,d2);
    if ( in[pos1]->pos == in[pos2]->pos && _eqdl(nd_nvar,d1,d2)) {
      if ( pos1 < pos2 ) return retpot;
      else if ( pos1 > pos2 ) return -retpot;
      else return 0;
    }
    pos1 = in[pos1]->pos;
    pos2 = in[pos2]->pos;
    if ( pos1 == pos2 ) return (*dl_base_compare_function)(nd_nvar,d1,d2);
  }
  // comparison by the bottom order
LAST:
  switch ( nd_base_ordtype ) {
    case 0:
      t = (*dl_base_compare_function)(nd_nvar,d1,d2);
      if ( t ) return t;
      else if ( pos1 < pos2 ) return retpot;
      else if ( pos1 > pos2 ) return -retpot;
      else return 0;
      break;
    case 1:
      if ( pos1 < pos2 ) return retpot;
      else if ( pos1 > pos2 ) return -retpot;
      else return (*dl_base_compare_function)(nd_nvar,d1,d2);
      break;
    case 2:
      if ( d1->td > d2->td  ) return 1;
      else if ( d1->td < d2->td ) return -1;
      else if ( pos1 < pos2 ) return retpot;
      else if ( pos1 > pos2 ) return -retpot;
      else return (*dl_base_compare_function)(nd_nvar,d1,d2);
      break;
    default:
      error("ndl_schreyer_compare : invalid base ordtype");
      return 0;
  }
}

INLINE int ndl_equal(UINT *d1,UINT *d2)
{
    int i;

    switch ( nd_wpd ) {
        case 2:
            if ( TD(d2) != TD(d1) ) return 0;
            if ( d2[1] != d1[1] ) return 0;
            return 1;
            break;
        case 3:
            if ( TD(d2) != TD(d1) ) return 0;
            if ( d2[1] != d1[1] ) return 0;
            if ( d2[2] != d1[2] ) return 0;
            return 1;
            break;
        default:
            for ( i = 0; i < nd_wpd; i++ )
                if ( *d1++ != *d2++ ) return 0;
            return 1;
            break;
    }
}

INLINE void ndl_copy(UINT *d1,UINT *d2)
{
    int i;

    switch ( nd_wpd ) {
        case 2:
            TD(d2) = TD(d1);
            d2[1] = d1[1];
            break;
        case 3:
            TD(d2) = TD(d1);
            d2[1] = d1[1];
            d2[2] = d1[2];
            break;
        default:
            for ( i = 0; i < nd_wpd; i++ )
                d2[i] = d1[i];
            break;
    }
}

INLINE void ndl_zero(UINT *d)
{
    int i;
    for ( i = 0; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) d[i] = 0;
}

INLINE void ndl_add(UINT *d1,UINT *d2,UINT *d)
{
    int i;

    if ( nd_module ) {
        if ( MPOS(d1) && MPOS(d2) && (MPOS(d1) != MPOS(d2)) ) 
        error("ndl_add : invalid operation");
    }
#if 1
    switch ( nd_wpd ) {
        case 2:
            TD(d) = TD(d1)+TD(d2);
            d[1] = d1[1]+d2[1];
            break;
        case 3:
            TD(d) = TD(d1)+TD(d2);
            d[1] = d1[1]+d2[1];
            d[2] = d1[2]+d2[2];
            break;
        default:
            for ( i = 0; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) d[i] = d1[i]+d2[i];
            break;
    }
#else
    for ( i = 0; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) d[i] = d1[i]+d2[i];
#endif
}

/* d1 += d2 */
INLINE void ndl_addto(UINT *d1,UINT *d2)
{
    int i;

    if ( nd_module ) {
        if ( MPOS(d1) && MPOS(d2) && (MPOS(d1) != MPOS(d2)) ) 
            error("ndl_addto : invalid operation");
    }
#if 1
    switch ( nd_wpd ) {
        case 2:
            TD(d1) += TD(d2);
            d1[1] += d2[1];
            break;
        case 3:
            TD(d1) += TD(d2);
            d1[1] += d2[1];
            d1[2] += d2[2];
            break;
        default:
            for ( i = 0; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) d1[i] += d2[i];
            break;
    }
#else
    for ( i = 0; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) d1[i] += d2[i];
#endif
}

INLINE void ndl_sub(UINT *d1,UINT *d2,UINT *d)
{
    int i;

    for ( i = 0; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) d[i] = d1[i]-d2[i];
}

int ndl_disjoint(UINT *d1,UINT *d2)
{
    UINT t1,t2,u,u1,u2;
    int i,j;

    if ( nd_module && (MPOS(d1) == MPOS(d2)) ) return 0;
#if USE_UNROLL
    switch ( nd_bpe ) {
        case 3:
            for ( i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) {
                u1 = d1[i]; u2 = d2[i];
                t1 = u1&0x38000000; t2 = u2&0x38000000; if ( t1&&t2 ) return 0;
                t1 = u1& 0x7000000; t2 = u2& 0x7000000; if ( t1&&t2 ) return 0;
                t1 = u1&  0xe00000; t2 = u2&  0xe00000; if ( t1&&t2 ) return 0;
                t1 = u1&  0x1c0000; t2 = u2&  0x1c0000; if ( t1&&t2 ) return 0;
                t1 = u1&   0x38000; t2 = u2&   0x38000; if ( t1&&t2 ) return 0;
                t1 = u1&    0x7000; t2 = u2&    0x7000; if ( t1&&t2 ) return 0;
                t1 = u1&     0xe00; t2 = u2&     0xe00; if ( t1&&t2 ) return 0;
                t1 = u1&     0x1c0; t2 = u2&     0x1c0; if ( t1&&t2 ) return 0;
                t1 = u1&      0x38; t2 = u2&      0x38; if ( t1&&t2 ) return 0;
                t1 = u1&       0x7; t2 = u2&       0x7; if ( t1&&t2 ) return 0;
            }
            return 1;
            break;
        case 4:
            for ( i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) {
                u1 = d1[i]; u2 = d2[i];
                t1 = u1&0xf0000000; t2 = u2&0xf0000000; if ( t1&&t2 ) return 0;
                t1 = u1& 0xf000000; t2 = u2& 0xf000000; if ( t1&&t2 ) return 0;
                t1 = u1&  0xf00000; t2 = u2&  0xf00000; if ( t1&&t2 ) return 0;
                t1 = u1&   0xf0000; t2 = u2&   0xf0000; if ( t1&&t2 ) return 0;
                t1 = u1&    0xf000; t2 = u2&    0xf000; if ( t1&&t2 ) return 0;
                t1 = u1&     0xf00; t2 = u2&     0xf00; if ( t1&&t2 ) return 0;
                t1 = u1&      0xf0; t2 = u2&      0xf0; if ( t1&&t2 ) return 0;
                t1 = u1&       0xf; t2 = u2&       0xf; if ( t1&&t2 ) return 0;
            }
            return 1;
            break;
        case 6:
            for ( i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) {
                u1 = d1[i]; u2 = d2[i];
                t1 = u1&0x3f000000; t2 = u2&0x3f000000; if ( t1&&t2 ) return 0;
                t1 = u1&  0xfc0000; t2 = u2&  0xfc0000; if ( t1&&t2 ) return 0;
                t1 = u1&   0x3f000; t2 = u2&   0x3f000; if ( t1&&t2 ) return 0;
                t1 = u1&     0xfc0; t2 = u2&     0xfc0; if ( t1&&t2 ) return 0;
                t1 = u1&      0x3f; t2 = u2&      0x3f; if ( t1&&t2 ) return 0;
            }
            return 1;
            break;
        case 8:
            for ( i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) {
                u1 = d1[i]; u2 = d2[i];
                t1 = u1&0xff000000; t2 = u2&0xff000000; if ( t1&&t2 ) return 0;
                t1 = u1&  0xff0000; t2 = u2&  0xff0000; if ( t1&&t2 ) return 0;
                t1 = u1&    0xff00; t2 = u2&    0xff00; if ( t1&&t2 ) return 0;
                t1 = u1&      0xff; t2 = u2&      0xff; if ( t1&&t2 ) return 0;
            }
            return 1;
            break;
        case 16:
            for ( i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) {
                u1 = d1[i]; u2 = d2[i];
                t1 = u1&0xffff0000; t2 = u2&0xffff0000; if ( t1&&t2 ) return 0;
                t1 = u1&    0xffff; t2 = u2&    0xffff; if ( t1&&t2 ) return 0;
            }
            return 1;
            break;
        case 32:
            for ( i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ )
                if ( d1[i] && d2[i] ) return 0;
            return 1;
            break;
        default:
            for ( i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) {
                u1 = d1[i]; u2 = d2[i];
                for ( j = 0; j < nd_epw; j++ ) {
                    if ( (u1&nd_mask0) && (u2&nd_mask0) ) return 0;
                    u1 >>= nd_bpe; u2 >>= nd_bpe;
                }
            }
            return 1;
            break;
    }
#else
    for ( i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) {
        u1 = d1[i]; u2 = d2[i];
        for ( j = 0; j < nd_epw; j++ ) {
            if ( (u1&nd_mask0) && (u2&nd_mask0) ) return 0;
            u1 >>= nd_bpe; u2 >>= nd_bpe;
        }
    }
    return 1;
#endif
}

int ndl_check_bound(UINT *d1,UINT *d2)
{
    UINT u2;
    int i,j,ind,k;

    ind = 0;
#if USE_UNROLL
    switch ( nd_bpe ) {
        case 3:
            for ( i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) {
                u2 = d2[i];
                if ( d1[ind++]+((u2>>27)&0x7) >= 0x8 ) return 1;
                if ( d1[ind++]+((u2>>24)&0x7) >= 0x8 ) return 1;
                if ( d1[ind++]+((u2>>21)&0x7) >= 0x8 ) return 1;
                if ( d1[ind++]+((u2>>18)&0x7) >= 0x8 ) return 1;
                if ( d1[ind++]+((u2>>15)&0x7) >= 0x8 ) return 1;
                if ( d1[ind++]+((u2>>12)&0x7) >= 0x8 ) return 1;
                if ( d1[ind++]+((u2>>9)&0x7) >= 0x8 ) return 1;
                if ( d1[ind++]+((u2>>6)&0x7) >= 0x8 ) return 1;
                if ( d1[ind++]+((u2>>3)&0x7) >= 0x8 ) return 1;
                if ( d1[ind++]+(u2&0x7) >= 0x8 ) return 1;
            }
            return 0;
            break;
        case 4:
            for ( i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) {
                u2 = d2[i];
                if ( d1[ind++]+((u2>>28)&0xf) >= 0x10 ) return 1;
                if ( d1[ind++]+((u2>>24)&0xf) >= 0x10 ) return 1;
                if ( d1[ind++]+((u2>>20)&0xf) >= 0x10 ) return 1;
                if ( d1[ind++]+((u2>>16)&0xf) >= 0x10 ) return 1;
                if ( d1[ind++]+((u2>>12)&0xf) >= 0x10 ) return 1;
                if ( d1[ind++]+((u2>>8)&0xf) >= 0x10 ) return 1;
                if ( d1[ind++]+((u2>>4)&0xf) >= 0x10 ) return 1;
                if ( d1[ind++]+(u2&0xf) >= 0x10 ) return 1;
            }
            return 0;
            break;
        case 6:
            for ( i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) {
                u2 = d2[i];
                if ( d1[ind++]+((u2>>24)&0x3f) >= 0x40 ) return 1;
                if ( d1[ind++]+((u2>>18)&0x3f) >= 0x40 ) return 1;
                if ( d1[ind++]+((u2>>12)&0x3f) >= 0x40 ) return 1;
                if ( d1[ind++]+((u2>>6)&0x3f) >= 0x40 ) return 1;
                if ( d1[ind++]+(u2&0x3f) >= 0x40 ) return 1;
            }
            return 0;
            break;
        case 8:
            for ( i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) {
                u2 = d2[i];
                if ( d1[ind++]+((u2>>24)&0xff) >= 0x100 ) return 1;
                if ( d1[ind++]+((u2>>16)&0xff) >= 0x100 ) return 1;
                if ( d1[ind++]+((u2>>8)&0xff) >= 0x100 ) return 1;
                if ( d1[ind++]+(u2&0xff) >= 0x100 ) return 1;
            }
            return 0;
            break;
        case 16:
            for ( i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) {
                u2 = d2[i];
                if ( d1[ind++]+((u2>>16)&0xffff) > 0x10000 ) return 1;
                if ( d1[ind++]+(u2&0xffff) > 0x10000 ) return 1;
            }
            return 0;
            break;
        case 32:
            for ( i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ )
                if ( d1[i]+d2[i]<d1[i] ) return 1;
            return 0;
            break;
        default:
            for ( i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) {
                u2 = d2[i];
                k = (nd_epw-1)*nd_bpe;
                for ( j = 0; j < nd_epw; j++, k -= nd_bpe )
                    if ( d1[ind++]+((u2>>k)&nd_mask0) > nd_mask0 ) return 1;
            }
            return 0;
            break;
    }
#else
    for ( i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) {
        u2 = d2[i];
        k = (nd_epw-1)*nd_bpe;
        for ( j = 0; j < nd_epw; j++, k -= nd_bpe )
            if ( d1[ind++]+((u2>>k)&nd_mask0) > nd_mask0 ) return 1;
    }
    return 0;
#endif
}

int ndl_check_bound2(int index,UINT *d2)
{
    return ndl_check_bound(nd_bound[index],d2);
}

INLINE int ndl_hash_value(UINT *d)
{
    int i;
    UINT r;

    r = 0;
    for ( i = 0; i < nd_wpd; i++ )    
        r = (r*1511+d[i]);
    r %= REDTAB_LEN;
    return r;
}

INLINE int ndl_find_reducer(UINT *dg)
{
    RHist r;
    int d,k,i;

    d = ndl_hash_value(dg);
    for ( r = nd_red[d], k = 0; r; r = NEXT(r), k++ ) {
        if ( ndl_equal(dg,DL(r)) ) {
            if ( k > 0 ) nd_notfirst++;
            nd_found++;
            return r->index;
        }
    }
    if ( Reverse )
        for ( i = nd_psn-1; i >= 0; i-- ) {
            r = nd_psh[i];
            if ( ndl_reducible(dg,DL(r)) ) {
                nd_create++;
                nd_append_red(dg,i);
                return i;
            }
        }
    else
        for ( i = 0; i < nd_psn; i++ ) {
            r = nd_psh[i];
            if ( ndl_reducible(dg,DL(r)) ) {
                nd_create++;
                nd_append_red(dg,i);
                return i;
            }
        }
    return -1;
}

INLINE int ndl_find_reducer_nonsig(UINT *dg)
{
    RHist r;
    int i;

    for ( i = 0; i < nd_psn; i++ ) {
      r = nd_psh[i];
      if ( ndl_reducible(dg,DL(r)) ) return i;
    }
    return -1;
}

// ret=0,...,nd_psn-1 => reducer found
// ret=nd_psn => reducer not found
// ret=-1 => singular top reducible

int comp_sig(SIG s1,SIG s2);
void _ndltodl(UINT *ndl,DL dl);

void print_sig(SIG s)
{
  int i;

  fprintf(asir_out,"<<");
  for ( i = 0; i < nd_nvar; i++ ) {
    fprintf(asir_out,"%d",s->dl->d[i]);
    if ( i != nd_nvar-1 ) fprintf(asir_out,",");
  }
  fprintf(asir_out,">>*e%d",s->pos);
}

void print_siglist(NODE l)
{
  for ( ; l; l = NEXT(l) )
   print_sig((SIG)l->body);
}


// assuming increasing order wrt signature 

INLINE int ndl_find_reducer_s(UINT *dg,SIG sig)
{
  RHist r;
  int i,singular,ret,d,k;
  static int wpd,nvar;
  static SIG quo;
  static UINT *tmp;

  if ( !quo || nvar != nd_nvar ) NEWSIG(quo);
  if ( wpd != nd_wpd ) {
    wpd = nd_wpd;
    tmp = (UINT *)MALLOC(wpd*sizeof(UINT));
  }
  d = ndl_hash_value(dg);
#if 1
  for ( r = nd_red[d], k = 0; r; r = NEXT(r), k++ ) {
    if ( ndl_equal(dg,DL(r)) ) {
      return r->index;
    }
  }
#endif
  singular = 0;
  for ( i = 0; i < nd_psn; i++ ) {
    r = nd_psh[i];
    if ( ndl_reducible(dg,DL(r)) ) {
      ndl_sub(dg,DL(r),tmp);
      _ndltodl(tmp,DL(quo));
      _addtodl(nd_nvar,DL(nd_psh[i]->sig),DL(quo));
      quo->pos = nd_psh[i]->sig->pos;
      ret = comp_sig(sig,quo);
      if ( ret > 0 ) { singular = 0; break; }
      if ( ret == 0 ) { /* fprintf(asir_out,"s"); fflush(asir_out); */ singular = 1; }
    }
  }
  if ( singular ) return -1;
  else if ( i < nd_psn )
    nd_append_red(dg,i);
  return i;
}

ND nd_merge(ND p1,ND p2)
{
    int n,c;
    int t,can,td1,td2;
    ND r;
    NM m1,m2,mr0,mr,s;

    if ( !p1 ) return p2;
    else if ( !p2 ) return p1;
    else {
        can = 0;
        for ( n = NV(p1), m1 = BDY(p1), m2 = BDY(p2), mr0 = 0; m1 && m2; ) {
            c = DL_COMPARE(DL(m1),DL(m2));
            switch ( c ) {
                case 0:
                    s = m1; m1 = NEXT(m1);
                    can++; NEXTNM2(mr0,mr,s);
                    s = m2; m2 = NEXT(m2); FREENM(s);
                    break;
                case 1:
                    s = m1; m1 = NEXT(m1); NEXTNM2(mr0,mr,s);
                    break;
                case -1:
                    s = m2; m2 = NEXT(m2); NEXTNM2(mr0,mr,s);
                    break;
            }
        }
        if ( !mr0 )
            if ( m1 ) mr0 = m1;
            else if ( m2 ) mr0 = m2;
            else return 0;
        else if ( m1 ) NEXT(mr) = m1;
        else if ( m2 ) NEXT(mr) = m2;
        else NEXT(mr) = 0;
        BDY(p1) = mr0;
        SG(p1) = MAX(SG(p1),SG(p2));
        LEN(p1) = LEN(p1)+LEN(p2)-can;
        FREEND(p2);
        return p1;
    }
}

ND nd_add(int mod,ND p1,ND p2)
{
    int n,c;
    int t,can,td1,td2;
    ND r;
    NM m1,m2,mr0,mr,s;

    Nnd_add++;
    if ( !p1 ) return p2;
    else if ( !p2 ) return p1;
    else if ( mod == -1 ) return nd_add_sf(p1,p2);
    else if ( mod == -2 ) return nd_add_lf(p1,p2);
    else if ( !mod ) return nd_add_q(p1,p2);
    else {
        can = 0;
        for ( n = NV(p1), m1 = BDY(p1), m2 = BDY(p2), mr0 = 0; m1 && m2; ) {
            c = DL_COMPARE(DL(m1),DL(m2));
            switch ( c ) {
                case 0:
                    t = ((CM(m1))+(CM(m2))) - mod;
                    if ( t < 0 ) t += mod;
                    s = m1; m1 = NEXT(m1);
                    if ( t ) {
                        can++; NEXTNM2(mr0,mr,s); CM(mr) = (t);
                    } else {
                        can += 2; FREENM(s);
                    }
                    s = m2; m2 = NEXT(m2); FREENM(s);
                    break;
                case 1:
                    s = m1; m1 = NEXT(m1); NEXTNM2(mr0,mr,s);
                    break;
                case -1:
                    s = m2; m2 = NEXT(m2); NEXTNM2(mr0,mr,s);
                    break;
            }
        }
        if ( !mr0 )
            if ( m1 ) mr0 = m1;
            else if ( m2 ) mr0 = m2;
            else return 0;
        else if ( m1 ) NEXT(mr) = m1;
        else if ( m2 ) NEXT(mr) = m2;
        else NEXT(mr) = 0;
        BDY(p1) = mr0;
        SG(p1) = MAX(SG(p1),SG(p2));
        LEN(p1) = LEN(p1)+LEN(p2)-can;
        FREEND(p2);
        return p1;
    }
}

/* XXX on opteron, the inlined manipulation of destructive additon of
 * two NM seems to make gcc optimizer get confused, so the part is
 * done in a function.
 */

int nm_destructive_add_q(NM *m1,NM *m2,NM *mr0,NM *mr)
{
    NM s;
    P t;
    int can;

    addp(nd_vc,CP(*m1),CP(*m2),&t);
    s = *m1; *m1 = NEXT(*m1);
    if ( t ) {
        can = 1; NEXTNM2(*mr0,*mr,s); CP(*mr) = (t);
    } else {
        can = 2; FREENM(s);
    }
    s = *m2; *m2 = NEXT(*m2); FREENM(s);
    return can;
}

ND nd_add_q(ND p1,ND p2)
{
    int n,c,can;
    ND r;
    NM m1,m2,mr0,mr,s;
    P t;

    if ( !p1 ) return p2;
    else if ( !p2 ) return p1;
    else {
        can = 0;
        for ( n = NV(p1), m1 = BDY(p1), m2 = BDY(p2), mr0 = 0; m1 && m2; ) {
            c = DL_COMPARE(DL(m1),DL(m2));
            switch ( c ) {
                case 0:
#if defined(__x86_64__)
                    can += nm_destructive_add_q(&m1,&m2,&mr0,&mr);
#else
                    addp(nd_vc,CP(m1),CP(m2),&t);
                    s = m1; m1 = NEXT(m1);
                    if ( t ) {
                        can++; NEXTNM2(mr0,mr,s); CP(mr) = (t);
                    } else {
                        can += 2; FREENM(s);
                    }
                    s = m2; m2 = NEXT(m2); FREENM(s);
#endif
                    break;
                case 1:
                    s = m1; m1 = NEXT(m1); NEXTNM2(mr0,mr,s);
                    break;
                case -1:
                    s = m2; m2 = NEXT(m2); NEXTNM2(mr0,mr,s);
                    break;
            }
        }
        if ( !mr0 )
            if ( m1 ) mr0 = m1;
            else if ( m2 ) mr0 = m2;
            else return 0;
        else if ( m1 ) NEXT(mr) = m1;
        else if ( m2 ) NEXT(mr) = m2;
        else NEXT(mr) = 0;
        BDY(p1) = mr0;
        SG(p1) = MAX(SG(p1),SG(p2));
        LEN(p1) = LEN(p1)+LEN(p2)-can;
        FREEND(p2);
        return p1;
    }
}

ND nd_add_sf(ND p1,ND p2)
{
    int n,c,can;
    ND r;
    NM m1,m2,mr0,mr,s;
    int t;

    if ( !p1 ) return p2;
    else if ( !p2 ) return p1;
    else {
        can = 0;
        for ( n = NV(p1), m1 = BDY(p1), m2 = BDY(p2), mr0 = 0; m1 && m2; ) {
            c = DL_COMPARE(DL(m1),DL(m2));
            switch ( c ) {
                case 0:
                    t = _addsf(CM(m1),CM(m2));
                    s = m1; m1 = NEXT(m1);
                    if ( t ) {
                        can++; NEXTNM2(mr0,mr,s); CM(mr) = (t);
                    } else {
                        can += 2; FREENM(s);
                    }
                    s = m2; m2 = NEXT(m2); FREENM(s);
                    break;
                case 1:
                    s = m1; m1 = NEXT(m1); NEXTNM2(mr0,mr,s);
                    break;
                case -1:
                    s = m2; m2 = NEXT(m2); NEXTNM2(mr0,mr,s);
                    break;
            }
        }
        if ( !mr0 )
            if ( m1 ) mr0 = m1;
            else if ( m2 ) mr0 = m2;
            else return 0;
        else if ( m1 ) NEXT(mr) = m1;
        else if ( m2 ) NEXT(mr) = m2;
        else NEXT(mr) = 0;
        BDY(p1) = mr0;
        SG(p1) = MAX(SG(p1),SG(p2));
        LEN(p1) = LEN(p1)+LEN(p2)-can;
        FREEND(p2);
        return p1;
    }
}


ND nd_reduce2(int mod,ND d,ND g,NDV p,NM mul,NDC dn,Obj *divp)
{
    int c,c1,c2;
    Z cg,cred,gcd,tq;
    P cgp,credp,gcdp;
    Obj tr,tr1;

    if ( mod == -1 ) {
        CM(mul) = _mulsf(_invsf(HCM(p)),_chsgnsf(HCM(g)));
        *divp = (Obj)ONE;
    } else if ( mod == -2 ) {
        Z inv,t;
        divlf(ONE,HCZ(p),&inv);
        chsgnlf(HCZ(g),&t);
        mullf(inv,t,&CZ(mul));
        *divp = (Obj)ONE;
    } else if ( mod ) {
        c1 = invm(HCM(p),mod); c2 = mod-HCM(g);
        DMAR(c1,c2,0,mod,c); CM(mul) = c;
        *divp = (Obj)ONE;
    } else if ( nd_vc ) {
        ezgcdpz(nd_vc,HCP(g),HCP(p),&gcdp);
        divsp(nd_vc,HCP(g),gcdp,&cgp); divsp(nd_vc,HCP(p),gcdp,&credp);
        chsgnp(cgp,&CP(mul));
        nd_mul_c_q(d,credp); nd_mul_c_q(g,credp);
        if ( dn ) {
            mulr(nd_vc,(Obj)dn->r,(Obj)credp,&tr);
            reductr(nd_vc,tr,&tr1); dn->r = (R)tr1;
        }
        *divp = (Obj)credp;
    } else {
        igcd_cofactor(HCZ(g),HCZ(p),&gcd,&cg,&cred);
        chsgnz(cg,&CZ(mul));
        nd_mul_c_q(d,(P)cred); nd_mul_c_q(g,(P)cred);
        if ( dn ) {
            mulz(dn->z,cred,&tq); dn->z = tq;
        }
        *divp = (Obj)cred;
    }
    return nd_add(mod,g,ndv_mul_nm(mod,mul,p));
}

/* ret=1 : success, ret=0 : overflow */
int nd_nf(int mod,ND d,ND g,NDV *ps,int full,ND *rp)
{
    NM m,mrd,tail;
    NM mul;
    int n,sugar,psugar,sugar0,stat,index;
    int c,c1,c2,dummy;
    RHist h;
    NDV p,red;
    Q cg,cred,gcd,tq,qq;
    Z iq;
    DP dmul;
    NODE node;
    LIST hist;
    double hmag;
    P tp,tp1;
    Obj tr,tr1,div;
    union oNDC hg;
    P cont;

    if ( !g ) {
        *rp = d;
        return 1;
    }
    if ( !mod ) hmag = ((double)p_mag(HCP(g)))*nd_scale;

    sugar0 = sugar = SG(g);
    n = NV(g);
    mul = (NM)MALLOC(sizeof(struct oNM)+(nd_wpd-1)*sizeof(UINT));
    if ( d )
        for ( tail = BDY(d); NEXT(tail); tail = NEXT(tail) );
    for ( ; g; ) {
        index = ndl_find_reducer(HDL(g));
        if ( index >= 0 ) {
            h = nd_psh[index];
            ndl_sub(HDL(g),DL(h),DL(mul));
            if ( ndl_check_bound2(index,DL(mul)) ) {
                nd_free(g); nd_free(d);
                return 0;
            }
            p = nd_demand ? ndv_load(index) : ps[index];
            /* d+g -> div*(d+g)+mul*p */
            g = nd_reduce2(mod,d,g,p,mul,0,&div);
            if ( nd_gentrace ) {
                /* Trace=[div,index,mul,ONE] */
                STOZ(index,iq);
                nmtodp(mod,mul,&dmul);
                node = mknode(4,div,iq,dmul,ONE);
            }
            sugar = MAX(sugar,SG(p)+TD(DL(mul)));
            if ( !mod && g && !nd_vc && ((double)(p_mag(HCP(g))) > hmag) ) {
                hg = HCU(g);
                nd_removecont2(d,g);
                if ( nd_gentrace ) {
                    /* overwrite cont : Trace=[div,index,mul,cont] */
                    /* exact division */
                    cont = ndc_div(mod,hg,HCU(g));
                    if ( nd_gentrace && !UNIQ(cont) ) ARG3(node) = (pointer)cont;
                }
                hmag = ((double)p_mag(HCP(g)))*nd_scale;
            }
            MKLIST(hist,node);
            MKNODE(node,hist,nd_tracelist); nd_tracelist = node;
        } else if ( !full ) {
            *rp = g;
            return 1;
        } else {
            m = BDY(g); 
            if ( NEXT(m) ) {
                BDY(g) = NEXT(m); NEXT(m) = 0; LEN(g)--;
            } else {
                FREEND(g); g = 0;
            }
            if ( d ) {
                NEXT(tail)=m; tail=m; LEN(d)++;
            } else {
                MKND(n,m,1,d); tail = BDY(d);
            }
        }
    }
    if ( d ) SG(d) = sugar;
    *rp = d;
    return 1;
}

// ret=1 => success
// ret=0 => overflow
// ret=-1 => singular top reducible

int nd_nf_s(int mod,ND d,ND g,NDV *ps,int full,ND *rp)
{
    NM m,mrd,tail;
    NM mul;
    int n,sugar,psugar,sugar0,stat,index;
    int c,c1,c2,dummy;
    RHist h;
    NDV p,red;
    Q cg,cred,gcd,tq,qq;
    Z iq;
    DP dmul;
    NODE node;
    LIST hist;
    double hmag;
    P tp,tp1;
    Obj tr,tr1,div;
    union oNDC hg;
    P cont;
    SIG sig;

    if ( !g ) {
        *rp = d;
        return 1;
    }
    if ( !mod ) hmag = ((double)p_mag(HCP(g)))*nd_scale;

    sugar0 = sugar = SG(g);
    n = NV(g);
    mul = (NM)MALLOC(sizeof(struct oNM)+(nd_wpd-1)*sizeof(UINT));
    if ( d )
        for ( tail = BDY(d); NEXT(tail); tail = NEXT(tail) );
    sig = g->sig;
    for ( ; g; ) {
        index = ndl_find_reducer_s(HDL(g),sig);
        if ( index >= 0 && index < nd_psn ) {
            // reducer found
            h = nd_psh[index];
            ndl_sub(HDL(g),DL(h),DL(mul));
            if ( ndl_check_bound2(index,DL(mul)) ) {
                nd_free(g); nd_free(d);
                return 0;
            }
            p = ps[index];
            /* d+g -> div*(d+g)+mul*p */
            g = nd_reduce2(mod,d,g,p,mul,0,&div);
            sugar = MAX(sugar,SG(p)+TD(DL(mul)));
            if ( !mod && g && ((double)(p_mag(HCP(g))) > hmag) ) {
                hg = HCU(g);
                nd_removecont2(d,g);
                hmag = ((double)p_mag(HCP(g)))*nd_scale;
            }
        } else if ( index == -1 ) {
          // singular top reducible
          return -1;
        } else if ( !full ) {
            *rp = g;
            g->sig = sig;
            return 1;
        } else {
            m = BDY(g); 
            if ( NEXT(m) ) {
                BDY(g) = NEXT(m); NEXT(m) = 0; LEN(g)--;
            } else {
                FREEND(g); g = 0;
            }
            if ( d ) {
                NEXT(tail)=m; tail=m; LEN(d)++;
            } else {
                MKND(n,m,1,d); tail = BDY(d);
            }
        }
    }
    if ( d ) {
      SG(d) = sugar;
      d->sig = sig;
    }
    *rp = d;
    return 1;
}

int nd_nf_pbucket(int mod,ND g,NDV *ps,int full,ND *rp)
{
    int hindex,index;
    NDV p;
    ND u,d,red;
    NODE l;
    NM mul,m,mrd,tail;
    int sugar,psugar,n,h_reducible;
    PGeoBucket bucket;
    int c,c1,c2;
    Z cg,cred,gcd,zzz;
    RHist h;
    double hmag,gmag;
    int count = 0;
    int hcount = 0;

    if ( !g ) {
        *rp = 0;
        return 1;
    }
    sugar = SG(g);
    n = NV(g);
    if ( !mod ) hmag = ((double)p_mag((P)HCZ(g)))*nd_scale;
    bucket = create_pbucket();
    add_pbucket(mod,bucket,g);
    d = 0;
    mul = (NM)MALLOC(sizeof(struct oNM)+(nd_wpd-1)*sizeof(UINT));
    while ( 1 ) {
        if ( mod > 0 || mod == -1 )
          hindex = head_pbucket(mod,bucket);
        else if ( mod == -2 )
          hindex = head_pbucket_lf(bucket);
        else
          hindex = head_pbucket_q(bucket);
        if ( hindex < 0 ) {
            if ( DP_Print > 3 ) printf("(%d %d)",count,hcount);
            if ( d ) SG(d) = sugar;
            *rp = d;
            return 1;
        }
        g = bucket->body[hindex];
        index = ndl_find_reducer(HDL(g));
        if ( index >= 0 ) {
            count++;
            if ( !d ) hcount++;
            h = nd_psh[index];
            ndl_sub(HDL(g),DL(h),DL(mul));
            if ( ndl_check_bound2(index,DL(mul)) ) {
                nd_free(d);
                free_pbucket(bucket);
                *rp = 0;
                return 0;
            }
            p = ps[index];
            if ( mod == -1 )
                CM(mul) = _mulsf(_invsf(HCM(p)),_chsgnsf(HCM(g)));
            else if ( mod == -2 ) { 
                Z inv,t;
                divlf(ONE,HCZ(p),&inv);
                chsgnlf(HCZ(g),&t);
                mullf(inv,t,&CZ(mul));
            } else if ( mod ) {
                c1 = invm(HCM(p),mod); c2 = mod-HCM(g);
                DMAR(c1,c2,0,mod,c); CM(mul) = c;
            } else {
                igcd_cofactor(HCZ(g),HCZ(p),&gcd,&cg,&cred);
                chsgnz(cg,&CZ(mul));
                nd_mul_c_q(d,(P)cred);
                mulq_pbucket(bucket,cred);
                g = bucket->body[hindex];
                gmag = (double)p_mag((P)HCZ(g));
            }
            red = ndv_mul_nm(mod,mul,p);
            bucket->body[hindex] = nd_remove_head(g);
            red = nd_remove_head(red);
            add_pbucket(mod,bucket,red);
            psugar = SG(p)+TD(DL(mul));
            sugar = MAX(sugar,psugar);
            if ( !mod && hmag && (gmag > hmag) ) {
                g = normalize_pbucket(mod,bucket);
                if ( !g ) {
                    if ( d ) SG(d) = sugar;
                    *rp = d;
                    return 1;
                }
                nd_removecont2(d,g);
                hmag = ((double)p_mag((P)HCZ(g)))*nd_scale;
                add_pbucket(mod,bucket,g);
            }
        } else if ( !full ) {
            g = normalize_pbucket(mod,bucket);
            if ( g ) SG(g) = sugar;
            *rp = g;
            return 1;
        } else {
            m = BDY(g); 
            if ( NEXT(m) ) {
                BDY(g) = NEXT(m); NEXT(m) = 0; LEN(g)--;
            } else {
                FREEND(g); g = 0;
            }
            bucket->body[hindex] = g;
            NEXT(m) = 0;
            if ( d ) {
                NEXT(tail)=m; tail=m; LEN(d)++;
            } else {
                MKND(n,m,1,d); tail = BDY(d);
            }
        }
    }
}

int nd_nf_pbucket_s(int mod,ND g,NDV *ps,int full,ND *rp)
{
  int hindex,index;
  NDV p;
  ND u,d,red;
  NODE l;
  NM mul,m,mrd,tail;
  int sugar,psugar,n,h_reducible;
  PGeoBucket bucket;
  int c,c1,c2;
  Z cg,cred,gcd,zzz;
  RHist h;
  double hmag,gmag;
  int count = 0;
  int hcount = 0;
  SIG sig;

  if ( !g ) {
    *rp = 0;
    return 1;
  }
  sugar = SG(g);
  n = NV(g);
  if ( !mod ) hmag = ((double)p_mag((P)HCZ(g)))*nd_scale;
  bucket = create_pbucket();
  add_pbucket(mod,bucket,g);
  d = 0;
  mul = (NM)MALLOC(sizeof(struct oNM)+(nd_wpd-1)*sizeof(UINT));
  sig = g->sig;
  while ( 1 ) {
    if ( mod > 0 || mod == -1 )
      hindex = head_pbucket(mod,bucket);
    else if ( mod == -2 )
      hindex = head_pbucket_lf(bucket);
    else
      hindex = head_pbucket_q(bucket);
    if ( hindex < 0 ) {
      if ( DP_Print > 3 ) printf("(%d %d)",count,hcount);
      if ( d ) {
        SG(d) = sugar;
        d->sig = sig;
      }
      *rp = d;
      return 1;
    }
    g = bucket->body[hindex];
    index = ndl_find_reducer_s(HDL(g),sig);
    if ( index >= 0 && index < nd_psn ) {
      count++;
      if ( !d ) hcount++;
      h = nd_psh[index];
      ndl_sub(HDL(g),DL(h),DL(mul));
      if ( ndl_check_bound2(index,DL(mul)) ) {
        nd_free(d);
        free_pbucket(bucket);
        *rp = 0;
        return 0;
      }
      p = ps[index];
      if ( mod == -1 )
        CM(mul) = _mulsf(_invsf(HCM(p)),_chsgnsf(HCM(g)));
      else if ( mod == -2 ) { 
        Z inv,t;
        divlf(ONE,HCZ(p),&inv);
        chsgnlf(HCZ(g),&t);
        mullf(inv,t,&CZ(mul));
      } else if ( mod ) {
        c1 = invm(HCM(p),mod); c2 = mod-HCM(g);
        DMAR(c1,c2,0,mod,c); CM(mul) = c;
      } else {
        igcd_cofactor(HCZ(g),HCZ(p),&gcd,&cg,&cred);
        chsgnz(cg,&CZ(mul));
        nd_mul_c_q(d,(P)cred);
        mulq_pbucket(bucket,cred);
        g = bucket->body[hindex];
        gmag = (double)p_mag((P)HCZ(g));
      }
      red = ndv_mul_nm(mod,mul,p);
      bucket->body[hindex] = nd_remove_head(g);
      red = nd_remove_head(red);
      add_pbucket(mod,bucket,red);
      psugar = SG(p)+TD(DL(mul));
      sugar = MAX(sugar,psugar);
      if ( !mod && hmag && (gmag > hmag) ) {
         g = normalize_pbucket(mod,bucket);
         if ( !g ) {
           if ( d ) {
             SG(d) = sugar;
             d->sig = sig;
           }
           *rp = d;
           return 1;
         }
         nd_removecont2(d,g);
         hmag = ((double)p_mag((P)HCZ(g)))*nd_scale;
         add_pbucket(mod,bucket,g);
      }
    } else if ( index == -1 ) {
      // singular top reducible
      return -1;
    } else if ( !full ) {
      g = normalize_pbucket(mod,bucket);
      if ( g ) {
        SG(g) = sugar;
        g->sig = sig;
      }
      *rp = g;
      return 1;
    } else {
      m = BDY(g); 
      if ( NEXT(m) ) {
        BDY(g) = NEXT(m); NEXT(m) = 0; LEN(g)--;
      } else {
        FREEND(g); g = 0;
      }
      bucket->body[hindex] = g;
      NEXT(m) = 0;
      if ( d ) {
        NEXT(tail)=m; tail=m; LEN(d)++;
      } else {
        MKND(n,m,1,d); tail = BDY(d);
      }
    }
  }
}

/* input : list of NDV, cand : list of NDV */

int ndv_check_membership(int m,NODE input,int obpe,int oadv,EPOS oepos,NODE cand)
{
    int n,i,stat;
    ND nf,d;
    NDV r;
    NODE t,s;
    union oNDC dn;
    Z q;
    LIST list;

    ndv_setup(m,0,cand,nd_gentrace?1:0,1,0);
    n = length(cand);

  if ( nd_gentrace ) { nd_alltracelist = 0; nd_tracelist = 0; }
    /* membercheck : list is a subset of Id(cand) ? */
    for ( t = input, i = 0; t; t = NEXT(t), i++ ) {
again:
    nd_tracelist = 0;
        if ( nd_bpe > obpe )
            r = ndv_dup_realloc((NDV)BDY(t),obpe,oadv,oepos);
        else
            r = (NDV)BDY(t);
#if 0
        // moved to nd_f4_lf_trace()
        if ( m == -2 ) ndv_mod(m,r);
#endif
        d = ndvtond(m,r);
        stat = nd_nf(m,0,d,nd_ps,0,&nf);
        if ( !stat ) {
            nd_reconstruct(0,0);
            goto again;
        } else if ( nf ) return 0;
    if ( nd_gentrace ) {
      nd_tracelist = reverse_node(nd_tracelist);
      MKLIST(list,nd_tracelist);
      STOZ(i,q); s = mknode(2,q,list); MKLIST(list,s);
      MKNODE(s,list,nd_alltracelist);
      nd_alltracelist = s; nd_tracelist = 0;
    }
        if ( DP_Print ) { printf("."); fflush(stdout); }
    }
    if ( DP_Print ) { printf("\n"); }
    return 1;
}

ND nd_remove_head(ND p)
{
    NM m;

    m = BDY(p);
    if ( !NEXT(m) ) {
        FREEND(p); p = 0;
    } else {
        BDY(p) = NEXT(m); LEN(p)--;
    }
    FREENM(m);
    return p;
}

ND nd_separate_head(ND p,ND *head)
{
    NM m,m0;
    ND r;

    m = BDY(p);
    if ( !NEXT(m) ) {
        *head = p; p = 0;
    } else {
        m0 = m;
        BDY(p) = NEXT(m); LEN(p)--;
        NEXT(m0) = 0;
        MKND(NV(p),m0,1,r);
        *head = r;
    }
    return p;
}

PGeoBucket create_pbucket()
{
    PGeoBucket g;
     
    g = CALLOC(1,sizeof(struct oPGeoBucket));
    g->m = -1;
    return g;
}

void free_pbucket(PGeoBucket b) {
    int i;

    for ( i = 0; i <= b->m; i++ )
        if ( b->body[i] ) {
            nd_free(b->body[i]);
            b->body[i] = 0;
        }
    GCFREE(b);
}

#if 0
void add_pbucket_symbolic(PGeoBucket g,ND d)
{
    int l,i,k,m;

    if ( !d )
        return;
    l = LEN(d);
    for ( k = 0, m = 1; l > m; k++, m <<= 1 );
    /* 2^(k-1) < l <= 2^k (=m) */
    d = nd_merge(g->body[k],d);
    for ( ; d && LEN(d) > m; k++, m <<= 1 ) {
        g->body[k] = 0;
        d = nd_merge(g->body[k+1],d);
    }
    g->body[k] = d;
    g->m = MAX(g->m,k);
}
#else
void add_pbucket_symbolic(PGeoBucket g,ND d)
{
  int l,i,k,m,m0;

  if ( !d )
    return;
  m0 = g->m;
  while ( 1 ) {
    l = LEN(d);
    for ( k = 0, m = 1; l > m; k++, m <<= 1 );
    /* 2^(k-1) < l <= 2^k (=m) */
    if ( g->body[k] == 0 ) {
      g->body[k] = d;
      m0 = MAX(k,m0);
      break;
    } else { 
      d = nd_merge(g->body[k],d);
      g->body[k] = 0; 
    }
  }
  g->m = m0;
}
#endif

#if 0
void add_pbucket(int mod,PGeoBucket g,ND d)
{
    int l,i,k,m;

    if ( !d )
        return;
    l = LEN(d);
    for ( k = 0, m = 1; l > m; k++, m <<= 1 );
    /* 2^(k-1) < l <= 2^k (=m) */
    d = nd_add(mod,g->body[k],d);
    for ( ; d && LEN(d) > m; k++, m <<= 1 ) {
        g->body[k] = 0;
        d = nd_add(mod,g->body[k+1],d);
    }
    g->body[k] = d;
    g->m = MAX(g->m,k);
}
#else
void add_pbucket(int mod,PGeoBucket g,ND d)
{
  int l,i,k,m,m0;

  m0 = g->m;
  while ( d != 0 ) {
    l = LEN(d);
    for ( k = 0, m = 1; l > m; k++, m <<= 1 );
    /* 2^(k-1) < l <= 2^k (=m) */
    if ( g->body[k] == 0 ) {
      g->body[k] = d;
      m0 = MAX(k,m0);
      break;
    } else { 
      d = nd_add(mod,g->body[k],d);
      g->body[k] = 0; 
    }
  }
  g->m = m0;
}
#endif

void mulq_pbucket(PGeoBucket g,Z c)
{
    int k;

    for ( k = 0; k <= g->m; k++ )
        nd_mul_c_q(g->body[k],(P)c);
}

NM remove_head_pbucket_symbolic(PGeoBucket g)
{
    int j,i,k,c;
    NM head;
    
    k = g->m;
    j = -1;
    for ( i = 0; i <= k; i++ ) {
        if ( !g->body[i] ) continue;
        if ( j < 0 ) j = i;
        else {
            c = DL_COMPARE(HDL(g->body[i]),HDL(g->body[j]));
            if ( c > 0 )
                j = i;
            else if ( c == 0 )
                g->body[i] = nd_remove_head(g->body[i]);
        }
    }
    if ( j < 0 ) return 0;
    else {
        head = BDY(g->body[j]);
        if ( !NEXT(head) ) {
            FREEND(g->body[j]);
            g->body[j] = 0;
        } else {
            BDY(g->body[j]) = NEXT(head);
            LEN(g->body[j])--;
        }
        return head;
    }
}

int head_pbucket(int mod,PGeoBucket g)
{
    int j,i,c,k,nv,sum;
    UINT *di,*dj;
    ND gi,gj;

    k = g->m;
    while ( 1 ) {
        j = -1;
        for ( i = 0; i <= k; i++ ) {
            if ( !(gi = g->body[i]) )
                continue;
            if ( j < 0 ) {
                j = i;
                gj = g->body[j];
                dj = HDL(gj);
                sum = HCM(gj);
            } else {
                c = DL_COMPARE(HDL(gi),dj);
                if ( c > 0 ) {
                    if ( sum ) HCM(gj) = sum;
                    else g->body[j] = nd_remove_head(gj);
                    j = i;
                    gj = g->body[j];
                    dj = HDL(gj);
                    sum = HCM(gj);
                } else if ( c == 0 ) {
                    if ( mod == -1 )
                        sum = _addsf(sum,HCM(gi));
                    else {
                        sum = sum+HCM(gi)-mod;
                        if ( sum < 0 ) sum += mod;
                    }
                    g->body[i] = nd_remove_head(gi);
                }
            }
        }
        if ( j < 0 ) return -1;
        else if ( sum ) {
            HCM(gj) = sum;
            return j;
        } else
            g->body[j] = nd_remove_head(gj);
    }
}

int head_pbucket_q(PGeoBucket g)
{
    int j,i,c,k,nv;
    Z sum,t;
    ND gi,gj;

    k = g->m;
    while ( 1 ) {
        j = -1;
        for ( i = 0; i <= k; i++ ) {
            if ( !(gi = g->body[i]) ) continue;
            if ( j < 0 ) {
                j = i;
                gj = g->body[j];
                sum = HCZ(gj);
            } else {
                nv = NV(gi);
                c = DL_COMPARE(HDL(gi),HDL(gj));
                if ( c > 0 ) {
                    if ( sum ) HCZ(gj) = sum;
                    else g->body[j] = nd_remove_head(gj);
                    j = i;
                    gj = g->body[j];
                    sum = HCZ(gj);
                } else if ( c == 0 ) {
                    addz(sum,HCZ(gi),&t);
                    sum = t;
                    g->body[i] = nd_remove_head(gi);
                }
            }
        }
        if ( j < 0 ) return -1;
        else if ( sum ) {
            HCZ(gj) = sum;
            return j;
        } else
            g->body[j] = nd_remove_head(gj);
    }
}

int head_pbucket_lf(PGeoBucket g)
{
    int j,i,c,k,nv;
    Z sum,t;
    ND gi,gj;

    k = g->m;
    while ( 1 ) {
        j = -1;
        for ( i = 0; i <= k; i++ ) {
            if ( !(gi = g->body[i]) ) continue;
            if ( j < 0 ) {
                j = i;
                gj = g->body[j];
                sum = HCZ(gj);
            } else {
                nv = NV(gi);
                c = DL_COMPARE(HDL(gi),HDL(gj));
                if ( c > 0 ) {
                    if ( sum ) HCZ(gj) = sum;
                    else g->body[j] = nd_remove_head(gj);
                    j = i;
                    gj = g->body[j];
                    sum = HCZ(gj);
                } else if ( c == 0 ) {
                    addlf(sum,HCZ(gi),&t);
                    sum = t;
                    g->body[i] = nd_remove_head(gi);
                }
            }
        }
        if ( j < 0 ) return -1;
        else if ( sum ) {
            HCZ(gj) = sum;
            return j;
        } else
            g->body[j] = nd_remove_head(gj);
    }
}

ND normalize_pbucket(int mod,PGeoBucket g)
{
    int i;
    ND r,t;

    r = 0;
    for ( i = 0; i <= g->m; i++ ) {
        r = nd_add(mod,r,g->body[i]);
        g->body[i] = 0;
    }
    g->m = -1;
    return r;
}

#if 0
void register_hcf(NDV p)
{
    DCP dc,t;
    P hc,h;
    int c;
    NODE l,l1,prev;

    hc = p->body->c.p;
    if ( !nd_vc || NUM(hc) ) return;
    fctrp(nd_vc,hc,&dc);
    for ( t = dc; t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
        h = t->c;
        if ( NUM(h) ) continue;
        for ( prev = 0, l = nd_hcf; l; prev = l, l = NEXT(l) ) {
            c = compp(nd_vc,h,(P)BDY(l));
            if ( c >= 0 ) break;
        }
        if ( !l || c > 0  ) {
            MKNODE(l1,h,l);
            if ( !prev )
                nd_hcf = l1;
            else
                NEXT(prev) = l1;
        }
    }
}
#else
void register_hcf(NDV p)
{
    DCP dc,t;
    P hc,h,q;
    Q dmy;
    int c;
    NODE l,l1,prev;

    hc = p->body->c.p;
    if ( NUM(hc) ) return;
    ptozp(hc,1,&dmy,&h);
#if 1
    for ( l = nd_hcf; l; l = NEXT(l) ) {
        while ( 1 ) {
            if ( divtpz(nd_vc,h,(P)BDY(l),&q) ) h = q;
            else break;
        }
    }
    if ( NUM(h) ) return;
#endif
    for ( prev = 0, l = nd_hcf; l; prev = l, l = NEXT(l) ) {
        c = compp(nd_vc,h,(P)BDY(l));
        if ( c >= 0 ) break;
    }
    if ( !l || c > 0  ) {
        MKNODE(l1,h,l);
        if ( !prev )
            nd_hcf = l1;
        else
            NEXT(prev) = l1;
    }
}
#endif

int do_diagonalize(int sugar,int m)
{
  int i,nh,stat;
  NODE r,g,t;
  ND h,nf,s,head;
  NDV nfv;
  Q q;
  P nm,nmp,dn,mnp,dnp,cont,cont1;
  union oNDC hc;
  NODE node;
  LIST l;
  Z iq;

  for ( i = nd_psn-1; i >= 0 && SG(nd_psh[i]) == sugar; i-- ) {
    if ( nd_gentrace ) {
      /* Trace = [1,index,1,1] */
      STOZ(i,iq); node = mknode(4,ONE,iq,ONE,ONE);
      MKLIST(l,node); MKNODE(nd_tracelist,l,0);
    }
    if ( nd_demand )
      nfv = ndv_load(i);
    else
      nfv = nd_ps[i];
    s = ndvtond(m,nfv);
    s = nd_separate_head(s,&head);
    stat = nd_nf(m,head,s,nd_ps,1,&nf);
    if ( !stat ) return 0;
    ndv_free(nfv);
    hc = HCU(nf); nd_removecont(m,nf);
    /* exact division */
    cont = ndc_div(m,hc,HCU(nf));
    if ( nd_gentrace ) finalize_tracelist(i,cont);
    nfv = ndtondv(m,nf);
    nd_free(nf);
    nd_bound[i] = ndv_compute_bound(nfv);
    if ( !m ) register_hcf(nfv);
    if ( nd_demand ) {
      ndv_save(nfv,i);
      ndv_free(nfv);
    } else
      nd_ps[i] = nfv;
  }
  return 1;
}

LIST compute_splist()
{
  NODE g,tn0,tn,node;
  LIST l0;
  ND_pairs d,t;
  int i;
  Z i1,i2;

    g = 0; d = 0;
    for ( i = 0; i < nd_psn; i++ ) {
        d = update_pairs(d,g,i,0);
        g = update_base(g,i);
    }
  for ( t = d, tn0 = 0; t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
    NEXTNODE(tn0,tn);
        STOZ(t->i1,i1); STOZ(t->i2,i2);
        node = mknode(2,i1,i2); MKLIST(l0,node);
    BDY(tn) = l0;
  }
  if ( tn0 ) NEXT(tn) = 0; MKLIST(l0,tn0);
  return l0;
}

/* return value = 0 => input is not a GB */

NODE nd_gb(int m,int ishomo,int checkonly,int gensyz,int **indp)
{
  int i,nh,sugar,stat;
  NODE r,g,t;
  ND_pairs d;
  ND_pairs l;
  ND h,nf,s,head,nf1;
  NDV nfv;
  Z q;
  union oNDC dn,hc;
  int diag_count = 0;
  int Nnfnz = 0,Nnfz = 0;
  P cont;
  LIST list;
struct oEGT eg1,eg2,eg_update;

init_eg(&eg_update);
  Nnd_add = 0;
  g = 0; d = 0;
  for ( i = 0; i < nd_psn; i++ ) {
    d = update_pairs(d,g,i,gensyz);
    g = update_base(g,i);
  }
  sugar = 0;
  while ( d ) {
again:
    l = nd_minp(d,&d);
    if ( MaxDeg > 0 && SG(l) > MaxDeg ) break;
    if ( SG(l) != sugar ) {
      if ( ishomo ) {
        diag_count = 0;
        stat = do_diagonalize(sugar,m);
        if ( !stat ) {
          NEXT(l) = d; d = l;
          d = nd_reconstruct(0,d);
          goto again;
        }
      }
      sugar = SG(l);
      if ( DP_Print ) fprintf(asir_out,"%d",sugar);
    }
    stat = nd_sp(m,0,l,&h);
    if ( !stat ) {
      NEXT(l) = d; d = l;
      d = nd_reconstruct(0,d);
      goto again;
    }
#if USE_GEOBUCKET
    stat = (m&&!nd_gentrace)?nd_nf_pbucket(m,h,nd_ps,!nd_top&&!Top,&nf)
      :nd_nf(m,0,h,nd_ps,!nd_top&&!Top,&nf);
#else
    stat = nd_nf(m,0,h,nd_ps,!nd_top&&!Top,&nf);
#endif
    if ( !stat ) {
      NEXT(l) = d; d = l;
      d = nd_reconstruct(0,d);
      goto again;
    } else if ( nf ) {
      Nnfnz++;
      if ( checkonly || gensyz ) return 0;
      if ( nd_newelim ) {
        if ( nd_module ) {
          if ( MPOS(HDL(nf)) > 1 ) return 0;
        } else if ( !(HDL(nf)[nd_exporigin] & nd_mask[0]) ) return 0;
      }
      if ( DP_Print ) { printf("+"); fflush(stdout); }
      hc = HCU(nf);
      nd_removecont(m,nf);
      if ( !m && nd_nalg ) {
        nd_monic(0,&nf);
        nd_removecont(m,nf);
      }
      if ( nd_gentrace ) {
        /* exact division */
        cont = ndc_div(m,hc,HCU(nf));
        if ( m || !UNIQ(cont) ) {
          t = mknode(4,NULLP,NULLP,NULLP,cont);
          MKLIST(list,t); MKNODE(t,list,nd_tracelist);
          nd_tracelist = t;
        }
      }
      nfv = ndtondv(m,nf); nd_free(nf);
      nh = ndv_newps(m,nfv,0);
      if ( !m && (ishomo && ++diag_count == diag_period) ) {
        diag_count = 0;
        stat = do_diagonalize(sugar,m);
        if ( !stat ) {
          NEXT(l) = d; d = l;
          d = nd_reconstruct(1,d);
          goto again;
        }
      }
get_eg(&eg1);
      d = update_pairs(d,g,nh,0);
get_eg(&eg2); add_eg(&eg_update,&eg1,&eg2);
      g = update_base(g,nh);
      FREENDP(l);
    } else {
      Nnfz++;
      if ( nd_gentrace && gensyz ) {
        nd_tracelist = reverse_node(nd_tracelist); 
        MKLIST(list,nd_tracelist);
        STOZ(-1,q); t = mknode(2,q,list); MKLIST(list,t);
        MKNODE(t,list,nd_alltracelist); 
        nd_alltracelist = t; nd_tracelist = 0;
      }
      if ( DP_Print ) { printf("."); fflush(stdout); }
        FREENDP(l);
    }
  }
  conv_ilist(nd_demand,0,g,indp);
  if ( !checkonly && DP_Print ) { 
    printf("\nnd_gb done. Nnd_add=%d,Npairs=%d, Nnfnz=%d,Nnfz=%d,",Nnd_add,Npairs,Nnfnz,Nnfz);
    printf("Nremoved=%d\n",NcriB+NcriMF+Ncri2);
    fflush(asir_out);
  }
  if ( DP_Print ) {
    print_eg("update",&eg_update); fprintf(asir_out,"\n");
  }
  return g;
}

ND_pairs update_pairs_s(ND_pairs d,int t,NODE *syz);
int update_pairs_array_s(ND_pairs *d,int t,NODE *syz);
ND_pairs nd_newpairs_s(int t ,NODE *syz);
ND_pairs *nd_newpairs_array_s(int t ,NODE *syz);

int nd_nf_pbucket_s(int mod,ND g,NDV *ps,int full,ND *nf);
int nd_nf_s(int mod,ND d,ND g,NDV *ps,int full,ND *nf);

void _copydl(int n,DL d1,DL d2);
void _subfromdl(int n,DL d1,DL d2);
extern int (*cmpdl)(int n,DL d1,DL d2);

NODE insert_sig(NODE l,SIG s)
{
  int pos;
  DL sig;
  struct oNODE root;
  NODE p,prev,r;
  SIG t;

  pos = s->pos; sig = DL(s);
  root.next = l; prev = &root;
  for ( p = l; p; p = p->next ) {
    t = (SIG)p->body;
    if ( t->pos == pos ) {
      if ( _dl_redble(DL(t),sig,nd_nvar) )
        return root.next;
      else if ( _dl_redble(sig,DL(t),nd_nvar) )
        // remove p
        prev->next = p->next;
      else
        prev = p;
    } else
      prev = p;
  }
  NEWNODE(r); r->body = (pointer)s; r->next = 0;
  for ( p = &root; p->next; p = p->next );
  p->next = r;
//  r->next = root.next;
//  return r;
  return root.next;
}

ND_pairs remove_spair_s(ND_pairs d,SIG sig)
{
  struct oND_pairs root;
  ND_pairs prev,p;
  SIG spsig;

  root.next = d;
  prev = &root; p = d;
  while ( p ) {
    spsig = p->sig;
    if ( sig->pos == spsig->pos && _dl_redble(DL(sig),DL(spsig),nd_nvar) ) {
      // remove p
      prev->next = p->next;
      Nsyz++;
    } else
      prev = p;
    p = p->next;
  }
  return (ND_pairs)root.next;
}

int _dl_redble_ext(DL,DL,DL,int);

int small_lcm(ND_pairs l)
{
  SIG sig;
  int i;
  NODE t;
  static DL lcm,mul,quo;
  static int nvar = 0;

  if ( nd_sba_largelcm ) return 0;
  if ( nvar < nd_nvar ) {
    nvar = nd_nvar; NEWDL(lcm,nvar); NEWDL(quo,nvar); NEWDL(mul,nvar);
  }
  sig = l->sig;
  _ndltodl(l->lcm,lcm);
#if 0
  for ( i = 0; i < nd_psn; i++ ) {
    if ( sig->pos == nd_psh[i]->sig->pos &&
      _dl_redble_ext(DL(nd_psh[i]->sig),DL(sig),quo,nd_nvar) ) {
      _ndltodl(DL(nd_psh[i]),mul);
      _addtodl(nd_nvar,quo,mul);
      if ( (*cmpdl)(nd_nvar,lcm,mul) > 0 )
        break;
    }
  }
  if ( i < nd_psn ) return 1;
  else return 0;
#else
  for ( t = nd_sba_pos[sig->pos]; t; t = t->next ) {
    i = (long)BDY(t);
    if ( _dl_redble_ext(DL(nd_psh[i]->sig),DL(sig),quo,nd_nvar) ) {
      _ndltodl(DL(nd_psh[i]),mul);
      _addtodl(nd_nvar,quo,mul);
      if ( (*cmpdl)(nd_nvar,lcm,mul) > 0 )
        break;
    }
  }
  if ( t ) return 1;
  else return 0;
#endif
}

ND_pairs find_smallest_lcm(ND_pairs l)
{
  SIG sig;
  int i,minindex;
  NODE t;
  ND_pairs r;
  struct oSIG sig1;
  static DL mul,quo,minlm;
  static int nvar = 0;

  if ( nvar < nd_nvar ) {
    nvar = nd_nvar; 
    NEWDL(quo,nvar); NEWDL(mul,nvar);
    NEWDL(minlm,nvar);
  }
  sig = l->sig;
  // find mg s.t. m*s(g)=sig and m*lm(g) is minimal
  _ndltodl(l->lcm,minlm); minindex = -1;
  for ( t = nd_sba_pos[sig->pos]; t; t = t->next ) {
    i = (long)BDY(t);
    if ( _dl_redble_ext(DL(nd_psh[i]->sig),DL(sig),quo,nd_nvar) ) {
      _ndltodl(DL(nd_psh[i]),mul);
      _addtodl(nd_nvar,quo,mul);
      if ( (*cmpdl)(nd_nvar,minlm,mul) > 0 ) {
        minindex = i;
        break;
        _copydl(nd_nvar,mul,minlm);
      }
    }
  }
  // l->lcm is minimal; return l itself
  if ( minindex < 0 ) return l;
  else return 0;
  for ( i = 0; i < nd_psn; i++ ) {
    if ( i == minindex ) continue;
    _ndltodl(DL(nd_psh[i]),mul);
    if ( _dl_redble_ext(mul,minlm,quo,nd_nvar) ) {
      _addtodl(nd_nvar,nd_ps[i]->sig->dl,quo);
      sig1.pos = nd_ps[i]->sig->pos;
      sig1.dl = quo;
      if ( comp_sig(sig,&sig1) > 0 ) {
//        printf("X");
        NEWND_pairs(r);
        r->sig = sig;
        r->i1 = minindex;
        r->i2 = i;
        dltondl(nd_nvar,minlm,r->lcm);
        r->next = 0;
        return r;
      }
    }
  }
  // there is no suitable spair 
  return 0;
}

ND_pairs remove_large_lcm(ND_pairs d)
{
  struct oND_pairs root;
  ND_pairs prev,p;

  root.next = d;
  prev = &root; p = d;
  while ( p ) {
#if 0
    if ( small_lcm(p) ) {
      // remove p
      prev->next = p->next;
    } else
#else
    if ( find_smallest_lcm(p) == 0 ) {
      // remove p
      prev->next = p->next;
    } else
#endif
      prev = p;
    p = p->next;
  }
  return (ND_pairs)root.next;
}

struct oEGT eg_create,eg_newpairs,eg_merge;

NODE conv_ilist_s(int demand,int trace,int **indp);

// S(fj*ei-fi*ej) 

void _subdl(int,DL,DL,DL);

SIG trivial_sig(int i,int j)
{
  static DL lcm;
  static struct oSIG sigi,sigj;
  static int nvar = 0;
  SIG sig;

  if ( nvar != nd_nvar ) {
    nvar = nd_nvar; NEWDL(lcm,nvar); NEWDL(sigi.dl,nvar); NEWDL(sigj.dl,nvar);
  }
  if ( nd_sba_inputisgb != 0 ) {
    lcm_of_DL(nd_nvar,nd_sba_hm[i],nd_sba_hm[j],lcm);
    sigi.pos = i; _subdl(nd_nvar,lcm,nd_sba_hm[i],sigi.dl);
    sigj.pos = j; _subdl(nd_nvar,lcm,nd_sba_hm[j],sigj.dl);
    if ( comp_sig(&sigi,&sigj) > 0 ) sig = dup_sig(&sigi);
    else sig = dup_sig(&sigj);
  } else {
    sigi.pos = i; _copydl(nd_nvar,nd_sba_hm[j],sigi.dl);
    sigj.pos = j; _copydl(nd_nvar,nd_sba_hm[i],sigj.dl);
    if ( comp_sig(&sigi,&sigj) > 0 ) sig = dup_sig(&sigi);
    else sig = dup_sig(&sigj);
  }
  return sig;
}

int nd_minsig(ND_pairs *d) 
{
  int min,i,ret;

  min = -1;
  for ( i = 0; i < nd_nbase; i++ ) {
    if ( d[i] != 0 ) {
      if ( min < 0 ) min = i;
      else {
        ret = comp_sig(d[i]->sig,d[min]->sig);
        if ( ret < 0 ) min = i;
      }
    }
  }
  return min;
}

int dlength(ND_pairs d)
{
  int i;
  for ( i = 0; d; d = d->next, i++ );
  return i;
}

NODE nd_sba_buch(int m,int ishomo,int **indp,NODE *syzp)
{
  int i,j,nh,sugar,stat,pos;
  NODE r,t,g;
  ND_pairs *d;
  ND_pairs l,l1;
  ND h,nf,s,head,nf1;
  NDV nfv;
  Z q;
  union oNDC dn,hc;
  P cont;
  LIST list;
  SIG sig;
  NODE *syzlist;
  int ngen,ind;
  int Nnominimal,Nredundant;
  DL lcm,quo,mul;
  struct oEGT eg1,eg2,eg_update,eg_remove,eg_large,eg_nf,eg_nfzero,eg_minsig,eg_smallest;
  int Nnfs=0,Nnfz=0,Nnfnz=0,dlen,nsyz;

init_eg(&eg_remove);
  syzlist = (NODE *)MALLOC(nd_psn*sizeof(NODE));
  d = (ND_pairs *)MALLOC(nd_psn*sizeof(ND_pairs));
  nd_nbase = nd_psn;
  Nsyz = 0;
  Nnd_add = 0;
  Nnominimal = 0;
  Nredundant = 0;
  ngen = nd_psn;
  for ( i = 0; i < nd_psn; i++ )
    for ( j = i+1; j < nd_psn; j++ ) {
      sig = trivial_sig(i,j);
      syzlist[sig->pos] = insert_sig(syzlist[sig->pos],sig);
    }
  dlen = 0;
  for ( i = 0; i < nd_psn; i++ ) {
    dlen += update_pairs_array_s(d,i,syzlist);
  }
  sugar = 0;
  pos = 0;
  NEWDL(lcm,nd_nvar); NEWDL(quo,nd_nvar); NEWDL(mul,nd_nvar);
init_eg(&eg_create);
init_eg(&eg_merge);
init_eg(&eg_minsig);
init_eg(&eg_smallest);
init_eg(&eg_large);
init_eg(&eg_nf);
init_eg(&eg_nfzero);
  while ( 1 ) {
    if ( DP_Print && dlen%100 == 0 ) fprintf(asir_out,"(%d)",dlen);
again :
get_eg(&eg1);
    ind = nd_minsig(d); 
get_eg(&eg2); add_eg(&eg_minsig,&eg1,&eg2);
    if ( ind < 0 ) break;
    l = d[ind];
//    printf("(%d,%d)",l->i1,l->i2); print_sig(l->sig); printf("\n");
get_eg(&eg1);
    l1 = find_smallest_lcm(l);
get_eg(&eg2); add_eg(&eg_smallest,&eg1,&eg2);
    if ( l1 == 0 ) {
      d[ind] = d[ind]->next; dlen--;
      if ( DP_Print ) fprintf(asir_out,"M");
      Nnominimal++;
      continue;
    }
    if ( SG(l1) != sugar ) {
      sugar = SG(l1);
      if ( DP_Print ) fprintf(asir_out,"%d",sugar);
    }
    sig = l1->sig;
    if ( DP_Print && nd_sba_pot ) {
      if ( sig->pos != pos ) {
        fprintf(asir_out,"[%d]",sig->pos);
        pos = sig->pos;
      }
    }
    stat = nd_sp(m,0,l1,&h);
    if ( !stat ) {
      nd_reconstruct_s(0,d);
      goto again;
    }
get_eg(&eg1);
#if USE_GEOBUCKET
    stat = m?nd_nf_pbucket_s(m,h,nd_ps,!nd_top&&!Top,&nf):nd_nf_s(m,0,h,nd_ps,!nd_top&&!Top,&nf);
#else
    stat = nd_nf_s(m,0,h,nd_ps,!nd_top&&!Top,&nf);
#endif
get_eg(&eg2); 
    if ( !stat ) {
      nd_reconstruct_s(0,d);
      goto again;
    } else if ( stat == -1 ) {
      d[ind] = d[ind]->next; dlen--;
      Nnfs++;
      if ( DP_Print ) { printf("S"); fflush(stdout); }
    } else if ( nf ) {
      d[ind] = d[ind]->next; dlen--;
      Nnfnz++;
      if ( DP_Print ) { 
        if ( nd_sba_redundant_check ) {
          if ( ndl_find_reducer_nonsig(HDL(nf)) >= 0 ) {
            Nredundant++;
            printf("R"); 
          } else 
            printf("+"); 
        } else
          printf("+"); 
        fflush(stdout); 
      }
      add_eg(&eg_nf,&eg1,&eg2);
      hc = HCU(nf);
      nd_removecont(m,nf);
      nfv = ndtondv(m,nf); nd_free(nf);
      nh = ndv_newps(m,nfv,0);

      dlen += update_pairs_array_s(d,nh,syzlist);
      nd_sba_pos[sig->pos] = append_one(nd_sba_pos[sig->pos],nh);
   } else {
      d[ind] = d[ind]->next; dlen--;
      Nnfz++;
      add_eg(&eg_nfzero,&eg1,&eg2);
     // syzygy
get_eg(&eg1);
     nsyz = Nsyz;
     d[sig->pos] = remove_spair_s(d[sig->pos],sig);
     dlen -= Nsyz-nsyz;
get_eg(&eg2); add_eg(&eg_remove,&eg1,&eg2);
     syzlist[sig->pos] = insert_sig(syzlist[sig->pos],sig);
     if ( DP_Print ) { printf("."); fflush(stdout); }
   }
 }
 g = conv_ilist_s(nd_demand,0,indp);
 if ( DP_Print ) { 
   printf("\ndlen=%d,nd_sba done. nd_add=%d,Nsyz=%d,Nsamesig=%d,Nnominimal=%d\n",dlen,Nnd_add,Nsyz,Nsamesig,Nnominimal);
   printf("Nnfnz=%d,Nnfz=%d,Nnfsingular=%d\n",Nnfnz,Nnfz,Nnfs);
   fflush(stdout); 
   if ( nd_sba_redundant_check )
   printf("Nredundant=%d\n",Nredundant);
   fflush(stdout); 
   print_eg("create",&eg_create);
   print_eg("merge",&eg_merge);
   print_eg("minsig",&eg_minsig);
   print_eg("smallest",&eg_smallest);
   print_eg("remove",&eg_remove);
   print_eg("nf",&eg_nf);
   print_eg("nfzero",&eg_nfzero);
   printf("\n");
 }
 if ( nd_sba_syz ) {
   print_eg("remove",&eg_remove);
   print_eg("nf",&eg_nf);
   print_eg("nfzero",&eg_nfzero);
   printf("\n");
 }
 if ( nd_sba_syz ) {
   NODE hsyz,tsyz,prev;

   hsyz = 0;
   for ( i = 0; i < ngen; i++ ) {
     tsyz = syzlist[i];
     for ( prev = 0; tsyz != 0; prev = tsyz, tsyz = NEXT(tsyz))
       BDY(tsyz) = (pointer)sigtodpm((SIG)BDY(tsyz));
     if ( prev != 0 ) {
       prev->next = hsyz; hsyz = syzlist[i];
     }
   }
   *syzp = hsyz;
 } else *syzp = 0;
 return g;
}

/* splist = [[i1,i2],...] */

int check_splist(int m,NODE splist)
{
  NODE t,p;
  ND_pairs d,r,l;
  int stat;
  ND h,nf;

  for ( d = 0, t = splist; t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
    p = BDY((LIST)BDY(t));
    NEXTND_pairs(d,r);
    r->i1 = ZTOS((Q)ARG0(p)); r->i2 = ZTOS((Q)ARG1(p));
    ndl_lcm(DL(nd_psh[r->i1]),DL(nd_psh[r->i2]),r->lcm);
    SG(r) = TD(LCM(r)); /* XXX */
  }
  if ( d ) NEXT(r) = 0;

  while ( d ) {
again:
    l = nd_minp(d,&d);
    stat = nd_sp(m,0,l,&h);
    if ( !stat ) {
      NEXT(l) = d; d = l;
      d = nd_reconstruct(0,d);
      goto again;
    }
    stat = nd_nf(m,0,h,nd_ps,!nd_top&&!Top,&nf);
    if ( !stat ) {
      NEXT(l) = d; d = l;
      d = nd_reconstruct(0,d);
      goto again;
    } else if ( nf ) return 0;
    if ( DP_Print) { printf("."); fflush(stdout); }
  }
  if ( DP_Print) { printf("done.\n"); fflush(stdout); }
  return 1;
}

int check_splist_f4(int m,NODE splist)
{
  UINT *s0vect;
  PGeoBucket bucket;
  NODE p,rp0,t;
  ND_pairs d,r,l,ll;
  int col,stat;

  for ( d = 0, t = splist; t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
    p = BDY((LIST)BDY(t));
    NEXTND_pairs(d,r);
    r->i1 = ZTOS((Q)ARG0(p)); r->i2 = ZTOS((Q)ARG1(p));
    ndl_lcm(DL(nd_psh[r->i1]),DL(nd_psh[r->i2]),r->lcm);
    SG(r) = TD(LCM(r)); /* XXX */
  }
  if ( d ) NEXT(r) = 0;

  while ( d ) {
    l = nd_minsugarp(d,&d);
    bucket = create_pbucket();
    stat = nd_sp_f4(m,0,l,bucket);
    if ( !stat ) {
      for ( ll = l; NEXT(ll); ll = NEXT(ll) );
      NEXT(ll) = d; d = l;
      d = nd_reconstruct(0,d);
      continue;
    }
    if ( bucket->m < 0 ) continue;
    col = nd_symbolic_preproc(bucket,0,&s0vect,&rp0);
    if ( !col ) {
      for ( ll = l; NEXT(ll); ll = NEXT(ll) );
      NEXT(ll) = d; d = l;
      d = nd_reconstruct(0,d);
      continue;
    }
    if ( nd_f4_red(m,l,0,s0vect,col,rp0,0) ) return 0;
  }
  return 1;
}

int do_diagonalize_trace(int sugar,int m)
{
  int i,nh,stat;
  NODE r,g,t;
  ND h,nf,nfq,s,head;
  NDV nfv,nfqv;
  Q q,den,num;
  union oNDC hc;
  NODE node;
  LIST l;
  Z iq;
  P cont,cont1;

  for ( i = nd_psn-1; i >= 0 && SG(nd_psh[i]) == sugar; i-- ) {
    if ( nd_gentrace ) {
        /* Trace = [1,index,1,1] */
        STOZ(i,iq); node = mknode(4,ONE,iq,ONE,ONE);
        MKLIST(l,node); MKNODE(nd_tracelist,l,0);
    }
    /* for nd_ps */
    s = ndvtond(m,nd_ps[i]);
    s = nd_separate_head(s,&head);
    stat = nd_nf_pbucket(m,s,nd_ps,1,&nf);
    if ( !stat ) return 0;
    nf = nd_add(m,head,nf);
    ndv_free(nd_ps[i]);
    nd_ps[i] = ndtondv(m,nf);
    nd_free(nf);

    /* for nd_ps_trace */
    if ( nd_demand )
        nfv = ndv_load(i);
    else
        nfv = nd_ps_trace[i];
    s = ndvtond(0,nfv);
    s = nd_separate_head(s,&head);
    stat = nd_nf(0,head,s,nd_ps_trace,1,&nf);
    if ( !stat ) return 0;
    ndv_free(nfv);
    hc = HCU(nf); nd_removecont(0,nf);
    /* exact division */
    cont = ndc_div(0,hc,HCU(nf));
    if ( nd_gentrace ) finalize_tracelist(i,cont);
    nfv = ndtondv(0,nf);
    nd_free(nf);
    nd_bound[i] = ndv_compute_bound(nfv);
    register_hcf(nfv);
    if ( nd_demand ) {
    ndv_save(nfv,i);
    ndv_free(nfv);
    } else
    nd_ps_trace[i] = nfv;
  }
  return 1;
}

static struct oEGT eg_invdalg;
struct oEGT eg_le;

void nd_subst_vector(VL vl,P p,NODE subst,P *r)
{
    NODE tn;
    P p1;

    for ( tn = subst; tn; tn = NEXT(NEXT(tn)) ) {
        substp(vl,p,BDY(tn),BDY(NEXT(tn)),&p1); p = p1;
    }
    *r = p;
}

NODE nd_gb_trace(int m,int ishomo,int **indp)
{
  int i,nh,sugar,stat;
  NODE r,g,t;
  ND_pairs d;
  ND_pairs l;
  ND h,nf,nfq,s,head;
  NDV nfv,nfqv;
  Z q,den,num;
  P hc;
  union oNDC dn,hnfq;
  struct oEGT eg_monic,egm0,egm1;
  int diag_count = 0;
  P cont;
  LIST list;

  init_eg(&eg_monic);
  init_eg(&eg_invdalg);
  init_eg(&eg_le);
  g = 0; d = 0;
  for ( i = 0; i < nd_psn; i++ ) {
    d = update_pairs(d,g,i,0);
    g = update_base(g,i);
  }
  sugar = 0;
  while ( d ) {
again:
    l = nd_minp(d,&d);
    if ( MaxDeg > 0 && SG(l) > MaxDeg ) break;
    if ( SG(l) != sugar ) {
#if 1
      if ( ishomo ) {
        if ( DP_Print > 2 ) fprintf(asir_out,"|");
        stat = do_diagonalize_trace(sugar,m);
        if ( DP_Print > 2 ) fprintf(asir_out,"|");
        diag_count = 0;
        if ( !stat ) {
          NEXT(l) = d; d = l;
          d = nd_reconstruct(1,d);
          goto again;
        }
      }
#endif
      sugar = SG(l);
      if ( DP_Print ) fprintf(asir_out,"%d",sugar);
    }
    stat = nd_sp(m,0,l,&h);
    if ( !stat ) {
      NEXT(l) = d; d = l;
      d = nd_reconstruct(1,d);
      goto again;
    }
#if USE_GEOBUCKET
    stat = nd_nf_pbucket(m,h,nd_ps,!nd_top&&!Top,&nf);
#else
    stat = nd_nf(m,0,h,nd_ps,!nd_top&&!Top,&nf);
#endif
    if ( !stat ) {
      NEXT(l) = d; d = l;
      d = nd_reconstruct(1,d);
      goto again;
    } else if ( nf ) {
      if ( nd_demand ) {
        nfqv = ndv_load(nd_psn);
        nfq = ndvtond(0,nfqv);
      } else
        nfq = 0;
      if ( !nfq ) {
        if ( !nd_sp(0,1,l,&h) || !nd_nf(0,0,h,nd_ps_trace,!nd_top&&!Top,&nfq) ) {
          NEXT(l) = d; d = l;
          d = nd_reconstruct(1,d);
          goto again;
        }
      }
      if ( nfq ) {
        /* m|HC(nfq) => failure */
        if ( nd_vc ) {
          nd_subst_vector(nd_vc,HCP(nfq),nd_subst,&hc); q = (Z)hc;
        } else
          q = HCZ(nfq);
        if ( !remqi((Q)q,m) ) return 0;

        if ( DP_Print ) { printf("+"); fflush(stdout); }
        hnfq = HCU(nfq);
        if ( nd_nalg ) {
          /* m|DN(HC(nf)^(-1)) => failure */
          get_eg(&egm0);
          if ( !nd_monic(m,&nfq) ) return 0;
          get_eg(&egm1); add_eg(&eg_monic,&egm0,&egm1);
          nd_removecont(0,nfq); nfqv = ndtondv(0,nfq); nd_free(nfq);
          nfv = ndv_dup(0,nfqv); ndv_mod(m,nfv); nd_free(nf);
        } else {
          nd_removecont(0,nfq); nfqv = ndtondv(0,nfq); nd_free(nfq);
          nd_removecont(m,nf); nfv = ndtondv(m,nf); nd_free(nf);
        }
        if ( nd_gentrace ) {
          /* exact division */
          cont = ndc_div(0,hnfq,HCU(nfqv));
          if ( !UNIQ(cont) ) {
            t = mknode(4,NULLP,NULLP,NULLP,cont);
            MKLIST(list,t); MKNODE(t,list,nd_tracelist);
            nd_tracelist = t;
          }
        }
        nh = ndv_newps(0,nfv,nfqv);
        if ( ishomo && ++diag_count == diag_period ) {
          diag_count = 0;
          if ( DP_Print > 2 ) fprintf(asir_out,"|");
          stat = do_diagonalize_trace(sugar,m);
          if ( DP_Print > 2 ) fprintf(asir_out,"|");
          if ( !stat ) {
            NEXT(l) = d; d = l;
            d = nd_reconstruct(1,d);
            goto again;
          }
        }
        d = update_pairs(d,g,nh,0);
        g = update_base(g,nh);
      } else {
        if ( DP_Print ) { printf("*"); fflush(stdout); }
      }
    } else {
      if ( DP_Print ) { printf("."); fflush(stdout); }
    }
    FREENDP(l);
  }
  if ( nd_nalg ) {
    if ( DP_Print ) {
      print_eg("monic",&eg_monic);
      print_eg("invdalg",&eg_invdalg);
      print_eg("le",&eg_le);
    }
  }
  conv_ilist(nd_demand,1,g,indp);
  if ( DP_Print ) { printf("\nnd_gb_trace done.\n"); fflush(stdout); }
  return g;
}

int ndv_compare(NDV *p1,NDV *p2)
{
    return DL_COMPARE(HDL(*p1),HDL(*p2));
}

int ndv_compare_rev(NDV *p1,NDV *p2)
{
    return -DL_COMPARE(HDL(*p1),HDL(*p2));
}

int ndvi_compare(NDVI p1,NDVI p2)
{
    return DL_COMPARE(HDL(p1->p),HDL(p2->p));
}

int ndvi_compare_rev(NDVI p1,NDVI p2)
{
    return -DL_COMPARE(HDL(p1->p),HDL(p2->p));
}

NODE ndv_reduceall(int m,NODE f)
{
  int i,j,n,stat;
  ND nf,g,head;
  NODE t,a0,a;
  union oNDC dn;
  Q q,num,den;
  NODE node;
  LIST l;
  Z iq,jq;
  int *perm;
  union oNDC hc;
  P cont,cont1;

  if ( nd_nora ) return f;
  n = length(f);
  ndv_setup(m,0,f,0,1,0);
  perm = (int *)MALLOC(n*sizeof(int));
  if ( nd_gentrace ) {
    for ( t = nd_tracelist, i = 0; i < n; i++, t = NEXT(t) )
      perm[i] = ZTOS((Q)ARG1(BDY((LIST)BDY(t))));
  }
  for ( i = 0; i < n; ) {
    if ( nd_gentrace ) {
      /* Trace = [1,index,1,1] */
      STOZ(i,iq); node = mknode(4,ONE,iq,ONE,ONE);
      MKLIST(l,node); MKNODE(nd_tracelist,l,0);
    }
    g = ndvtond(m,nd_ps[i]);
    g = nd_separate_head(g,&head);
    stat = nd_nf(m,head,g,nd_ps,1,&nf);
    if ( !stat )
      nd_reconstruct(0,0);
    else {
      if ( DP_Print ) { printf("."); fflush(stdout); }
      ndv_free(nd_ps[i]);
      hc = HCU(nf); nd_removecont(m,nf);
      if ( nd_gentrace ) {
        for ( t = nd_tracelist; t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
          jq = ARG1(BDY((LIST)BDY(t))); j = ZTOS(jq);
          STOZ(perm[j],jq); ARG1(BDY((LIST)BDY(t))) = jq;
        }
        /* exact division */
        cont = ndc_div(m,hc,HCU(nf));
        finalize_tracelist(perm[i],cont);
      }
      nd_ps[i] = ndtondv(m,nf); nd_free(nf);
      nd_bound[i] = ndv_compute_bound(nd_ps[i]);
      i++;
    }
  }
  if ( DP_Print ) { printf("\n"); }
  for ( a0 = 0, i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
    NEXTNODE(a0,a);
    if ( !nd_gentrace ) BDY(a) = (pointer)nd_ps[i];
    else {
      for ( j = 0; j < n; j++ ) if ( perm[j] == i ) break;
      BDY(a) = (pointer)nd_ps[j];
    }
  }
  NEXT(a) = 0;
  return a0;
}

int ndplength(ND_pairs d)
{
  int i;
  for ( i = 0; d; i++ ) d = NEXT(d);
  return i;
}

ND_pairs update_pairs( ND_pairs d, NODE /* of index */ g, int t, int gensyz)
{
  ND_pairs d1,nd,cur,head,prev,remove;
  int len0;

  if ( !g ) return d;
  /* for testing */
  if ( gensyz && nd_gensyz == 2 ) {
    d1 = nd_newpairs(g,t);
    if ( !d )
      return d1;
    else {
      nd = d;
      while ( NEXT(nd) ) nd = NEXT(nd);
      NEXT(nd) = d1;
      return d;
    }
  }
  d = crit_B(d,t);
  d1 = nd_newpairs(g,t);
  len0 = ndplength(d1); 
  d1 = crit_M(d1);
  d1 = crit_F(d1);
  NcriMF += len0-ndplength(d1); 
  if ( gensyz || do_weyl )
    head = d1;
  else {
    prev = 0; cur = head = d1;
    while ( cur ) {
      if ( crit_2( cur->i1,cur->i2 ) ) {
        remove = cur;
        if ( !prev ) head = cur = NEXT(cur);
        else cur = NEXT(prev) = NEXT(cur);
        FREENDP(remove); Ncri2++;
      } else {
        prev = cur; cur = NEXT(cur);
      }
    }
  }
  if ( !d )
    return head;
  else {
    nd = d;
    while ( NEXT(nd) ) nd = NEXT(nd);
    NEXT(nd) = head;
    return d;
  }
}

ND_pairs merge_pairs_s(ND_pairs d,ND_pairs d1);

ND_pairs update_pairs_s( ND_pairs d, int t,NODE *syz)
{
  ND_pairs d1;
  struct oEGT eg1,eg2,eg3;

  if ( !t ) return d;
get_eg(&eg1);
  d1 = nd_newpairs_s(t,syz);
get_eg(&eg2); add_eg(&eg_create,&eg1,&eg2);
  d = merge_pairs_s(d,d1);
get_eg(&eg3); add_eg(&eg_merge,&eg2,&eg3);
  return d;
}

int update_pairs_array_s( ND_pairs *d, int t,NODE *syz)
{
  ND_pairs *d1;
  struct oEGT eg1,eg2,eg3;
  int i;

  if ( !t ) return 0;
get_eg(&eg1);
  Nnewpair = 0;
  d1 = nd_newpairs_array_s(t,syz);
get_eg(&eg2); add_eg(&eg_create,&eg1,&eg2);
  for ( i = 0; i < nd_nbase; i++ )
    d[i] = merge_pairs_s(d[i],d1[i]);
get_eg(&eg3); add_eg(&eg_merge,&eg2,&eg3);
  return Nnewpair;
}

ND_pairs nd_newpairs( NODE g, int t )
{
  NODE h;
  UINT *dl;
  int ts,s,i,t0,min,max;
  ND_pairs r,r0;

  dl = DL(nd_psh[t]);
  ts = SG(nd_psh[t]) - TD(dl);
  if ( nd_module && nd_intersect && (MPOS(dl) > nd_intersect) ) return 0;
  for ( r0 = 0, h = g; h; h = NEXT(h) ) {
    if ( nd_module && (MPOS(DL(nd_psh[(long)BDY(h)])) != MPOS(dl)) )
      continue;
    if ( nd_gbblock ) {
      t0 = (long)BDY(h);
      for ( i = 0; nd_gbblock[i] >= 0; i += 2 ) {
        min = nd_gbblock[i]; max = nd_gbblock[i+1];
        if ( t0 >= min && t0 <= max && t >= min && t <= max )
          break;
      }
      if ( nd_gbblock[i] >= 0 )
        continue;
    }
    NEXTND_pairs(r0,r); Npairs++;
    r->i1 = (long)BDY(h);
    r->i2 = t;
    ndl_lcm(DL(nd_psh[r->i1]),dl,r->lcm);
    s = SG(nd_psh[r->i1])-TD(DL(nd_psh[r->i1]));
    SG(r) = MAX(s,ts) + TD(LCM(r));
    /* experimental */
    if ( nd_sugarweight )
      r->sugar2 = ndl_weight2(r->lcm); 
  }
  if ( r0 ) NEXT(r) = 0;
  return r0;
}

int sig_cmpdl_op(int n,DL d1,DL d2)
{
  int e1,e2,i,j,l;
  int *t1,*t2;
  int len,head;
  struct order_pair *pair;

  len = nd_sba_modord->block_length;
  pair = nd_sba_modord->order_pair;

  head = 0;
  for ( i = 0, t1 = d1->d, t2 = d2->d; i < len; i++ ) {
    l = pair[i].length;
    switch ( pair[i].order ) {
      case 0:
        for ( j = 0, e1 = e2 = 0; j < l; j++ ) {
          e1 += t1[j];
          e2 += t2[j];
        }
        if ( e1 > e2 )
          return 1;
        else if ( e1 < e2 )
          return -1;
        else {
          for ( j = l - 1; j >= 0 && t1[j] == t2[j]; j-- );
          if ( j >= 0 )
            return t1[j] < t2[j] ? 1 : -1;
        }
        break;
      case 1:
        for ( j = 0, e1 = e2 = 0; j < l; j++ ) {
          e1 += t1[j];
          e2 += t2[j];
        }
        if ( e1 > e2 )
          return 1;
        else if ( e1 < e2 )
          return -1;
        else {
          for ( j = 0; j < l && t1[j] == t2[j]; j++ );
          if ( j < l )
            return t1[j] > t2[j] ? 1 : -1;
        }
        break;
      case 2:
        for ( j = 0; j < l && t1[j] == t2[j]; j++ );
        if ( j < l )
          return t1[j] > t2[j] ? 1 : -1;
        break;
      default:
        error("sig_cmpdl_op : invalid order"); break;
    }
    t1 += l; t2 += l; head += l;
  }
  return 0;
}

int sig_cmpdl_mat(int n,DL d1,DL d2)
{
  int *v,*t1,*t2;
  int s,i,j,len;
  int **matrix;
  static int *w;
  static int nvar = 0;

  if ( nvar != n ) {
    nvar = n; w = (int *)MALLOC(n*sizeof(int));
  }
  for ( i = 0, t1 = d1->d, t2 = d2->d; i < n; i++ )
    w[i] = t1[i]-t2[i];
  len = nd_sba_modord->row;
  matrix = nd_sba_modord->matrix;
  for ( j = 0; j < len; j++ ) {
    v = matrix[j];
    for ( i = 0, s = 0; i < n; i++ )
      s += v[i]*w[i];
    if ( s > 0 )
      return 1;
    else if ( s < 0 )
      return -1;
  }
  return 0;
}

struct comp_sig_spec *create_comp_sig_spec(VL current_vl,VL old_vl,Obj ord,Obj weight)
{
  struct comp_sig_spec *spec;
  VL ovl,vl;
  V ov;
  int i,j,n,nvar,s;
  NODE node,t,tn;
  struct order_pair *l;
  MAT m;
  Obj **b;
  int **w;
  int *a;

  spec = (struct comp_sig_spec *)MALLOC(sizeof(struct comp_sig_spec));
  for ( i = 0, vl = current_vl; vl; vl = NEXT(vl), i++ );
  spec->n = nvar = i;
  if ( old_vl != 0 ) {
    spec->oldv = (int *)MALLOC(nvar*sizeof(int));
    for ( i = 0, ovl = old_vl; i < nvar; ovl = NEXT(ovl), i++ ) {
      ov = ovl->v;
      for ( j = 0, vl = current_vl; vl; vl = NEXT(vl), j++ )
        if ( ov == vl->v ) break;
      spec->oldv[i] = j;
    }
  } else
    spec->oldv = 0;
  if ( !ord || NUM(ord) ) {
    switch ( ZTOS((Z)ord) ) {
      case 0:
        spec->cmpdl = cmpdl_revgradlex; break;
      case 1:
        spec->cmpdl = cmpdl_gradlex; break;
      case 2:
        spec->cmpdl = cmpdl_lex; break;
      default:
        error("create_comp_sig_spec : invalid spec"); break;
    }
  } else if ( OID(ord) == O_LIST ) {
    node = BDY((LIST)ord);
    for ( n = 0, t = node; t; t = NEXT(t), n++ );
    l = (struct order_pair *)MALLOC_ATOMIC(n*sizeof(struct order_pair));
    for ( i = 0, t = node, s = 0; i < n; t = NEXT(t), i++ ) {
      tn = BDY((LIST)BDY(t)); l[i].order = ZTOS((Q)BDY(tn));
      tn = NEXT(tn); l[i].length = ZTOS((Q)BDY(tn));
      s += l[i].length;
    }
    if ( s != nvar )
      error("create_comp_sig_spec : invalid spec");
    spec->order_pair = l;
    spec->block_length = n;
    spec->cmpdl = sig_cmpdl_op;
  } else if ( OID(ord) == O_MAT ) {
    m = (MAT)ord; b = (Obj **)BDY(m);
    if ( m->col != nvar )
      error("create_comp_sig_spec : invalid spec");
    w = almat(m->row,m->col);
    for ( i = 0; i < m->row; i++ )
      for ( j = 0; j < m->col; j++ )
        w[i][j] = ZTOS((Q)b[i][j]);
    spec->row = m->row;
    spec->matrix = w;
    spec->cmpdl = sig_cmpdl_mat;
  } else
    error("create_comp_sig_spec : invalid spec");
  if ( weight != 0 ) {
    node = BDY((LIST)weight);
    a = (int *)MALLOC(nvar*sizeof(int));
    for ( i = 0; i < nvar; i++, node = NEXT(node) )
      a[i] = ZTOS((Z)BDY(node));
    spec->weight = a;
  }
  return spec;
}

#define SIG_MUL_WEIGHT(a,i) (weight?(a)*weight[i]:(a))
  
int comp_sig_monomial(int n,DL d1,DL d2)
{
  static DL m1,m2;
  static int nvar = 0;
  int *oldv,*weight;
  int i,w1,w2;
 
  if ( nvar != n ) {
    nvar = n; NEWDL(m1,nvar); NEWDL(m2,nvar);
  }
  if ( !nd_sba_modord )
    return (*cmpdl)(n,d1,d2);
  else {
    weight = nd_sba_modord->weight;
    oldv = nd_sba_modord->oldv;
    if ( oldv ) {
      for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
        m1->d[i] = d1->d[oldv[i]]; m2->d[i] = d2->d[oldv[i]];
      }
    } else {
      for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
        m1->d[i] = d1->d[i]; m2->d[i] = d2->d[i];
      }
    }
    for ( i = 0, w1 = w2 = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
      w1 += SIG_MUL_WEIGHT(m1->d[i],i); 
      w2 += SIG_MUL_WEIGHT(m2->d[i],i);
    }
    m1->td = w1; m2->td = w2;
    return (*nd_sba_modord->cmpdl)(n,m1,m2);
  }
}

int comp_sig(SIG s1,SIG s2)
{
  if ( nd_sba_pot ) {
    if ( s1->pos > s2->pos ) return 1;
    else if ( s1->pos < s2->pos ) return -1;
    else return comp_sig_monomial(nd_nvar,s1->dl,s2->dl);
  } else {
    static DL m1,m2;
    static int nvar = 0;
    int ret;
  
    if ( nvar != nd_nvar ) {
      nvar = nd_nvar; NEWDL(m1,nvar); NEWDL(m2,nvar);
    }
    _adddl(nd_nvar,s1->dl,nd_sba_hm[s1->pos],m1);
    _adddl(nd_nvar,s2->dl,nd_sba_hm[s2->pos],m2);
    if ( !nd_sba_modord )
      ret = (*cmpdl)(nd_nvar,m1,m2);
    else
      ret = comp_sig_monomial(nd_nvar,m1,m2);
    if ( ret != 0 ) return ret;
    else if ( s1->pos > s2->pos ) return 1;
    else if ( s1->pos < s2->pos ) return -1;
    else return 0;
  }
}

int _create_spair_s(int i1,int i2,ND_pairs sp,SIG sig1,SIG sig2)
{
  int ret,s1,s2;
  RHist p1,p2;
  static int wpd;
  static UINT *lcm;

  sp->i1 = i1;
  sp->i2 = i2;
  p1 = nd_psh[i1];
  p2 = nd_psh[i2];
  ndl_lcm(DL(p1),DL(p2),sp->lcm);
  s1 = SG(p1)-TD(DL(p1));
  s2 = SG(p2)-TD(DL(p2));
  SG(sp) = MAX(s1,s2) + TD(sp->lcm);

  if ( wpd != nd_wpd ) {
    wpd = nd_wpd;
    lcm = (UINT *)MALLOC(wpd*sizeof(UINT));
  }
  // DL(sig1) <- sp->lcm
  // DL(sig1) -= DL(p1)
  // DL(sig1) += DL(p1->sig)
  ndl_sub(sp->lcm,DL(p1),lcm);
  _ndltodl(lcm,DL(sig1));
  _addtodl(nd_nvar,DL(p1->sig),DL(sig1));
  sig1->pos = p1->sig->pos;

  // DL(sig2) <- sp->lcm
  // DL(sig2) -= DL(p2)
  // DL(sig2) += DL(p2->sig)
  ndl_sub(sp->lcm,DL(p2),lcm);
  _ndltodl(lcm,DL(sig2));
  _addtodl(nd_nvar,DL(p2->sig),DL(sig2));
  sig2->pos = p2->sig->pos;

  ret = comp_sig(sig1,sig2);
  if ( ret == 0 ) return 0;
  else if ( ret > 0 ) sp->sig = sig1;
  else sp->sig = sig2;
  return 1;
}

SIG dup_sig(SIG sig)
{
  SIG r;

  if ( !sig ) return 0;
  else {
    NEWSIG(r);
    _copydl(nd_nvar,DL(sig),DL(r));
    r->pos = sig->pos;
    return r;
  }
}

void dup_ND_pairs(ND_pairs to,ND_pairs from)
{
  to->i1 = from->i1; 
  to->i2 = from->i2; 
  to->sugar = from->sugar;
  to->sugar2 = from->sugar2;
  ndl_copy(from->lcm,to->lcm);
  to->sig = dup_sig(from->sig);
}

ND_pairs merge_pairs_s(ND_pairs p1,ND_pairs p2)
{
  struct oND_pairs root;
  ND_pairs q1,q2,r0,r;
  int ret;

  r = &root;
  for ( q1 = p1, q2 = p2; q1 != 0 && q2 != 0; ) {
    ret = comp_sig(q1->sig,q2->sig);
    if ( ret < 0 ) {
      r->next = q1; r = q1; q1 = q1->next;
    } else if ( ret > 0 ) {
      r->next = q2; r = q2; q2 = q2->next;
    } else {
      Nnewpair--;
      ret = DL_COMPARE(q1->lcm,q2->lcm);
      Nsamesig++;
      if ( ret < 0 ) {
        r->next = q1; r = q1; q1 = q1->next;
        q2 = q2->next;
      } else {
        r->next = q2; r = q2; q2 = q2->next;
        q1 = q1->next;
      }
    }
  }
  if ( q1 ) {
    r->next = q1;
  } else {
    r->next = q2;
  }
  return root.next;
}

ND_pairs insert_pair_s(ND_pairs l,ND_pairs s)
{
  ND_pairs p,prev;
  int ret=1;

  for ( p = l, prev = 0; p != 0; prev = p, p = p->next ) {
    if ( (ret = comp_sig(s->sig,p->sig)) <= 0 )
      break;
  }
  if ( ret == 0 ) {
    ret = DL_COMPARE(s->lcm,p->lcm);
    if ( ret < 0 ) {
      // replace p with s
      s->next = p->next;
      if ( prev == 0 ) {
        return s;
      } else {
        prev->next = s;
        return l;
      }
    } else
      return l;
  } else {
    // insert s between prev and p
    Nnewpair++;
    s->next = p;
    if ( prev == 0 ) {
      return s;
    } else {
      prev->next = s;
      return l;
    }
  }
}

INLINE int __dl_redble(DL d1,DL d2,int nvar)
{
  int i;

  if ( d1->td > d2->td )
    return 0;
  for ( i = nvar-1; i >= 0; i-- )
    if ( d1->d[i] > d2->d[i] )
      break;
  if ( i >= 0 )
    return 0;
  else
    return 1;
}

ND_pairs nd_newpairs_s(int t, NODE *syz)
{
  NODE h,s;
  UINT *dl;
  int ts,ret,i;
  ND_pairs r,r0,_sp,sp;
  SIG spsig,tsig;
  static int nvar = 0;
  static SIG _sig1,_sig2;
  struct oEGT eg1,eg2,eg3,eg4;

  NEWND_pairs(_sp);
  if ( !_sig1 || nvar != nd_nvar ) {
    nvar = nd_nvar; NEWSIG(_sig1); NEWSIG(_sig2);
  }
  r0 = 0;
  for ( i = 0; i < t; i++ ) {
    ret = _create_spair_s(i,t,_sp,_sig1,_sig2);
    if ( ret ) {
      spsig = _sp->sig;
      for ( s = syz[spsig->pos]; s; s = s->next ) {
        tsig = (SIG)s->body;
        if ( _dl_redble(DL(tsig),DL(spsig),nd_nvar) )
          break;
      }
      if ( s == 0 ) {
        NEWND_pairs(sp);
        dup_ND_pairs(sp,_sp);
        r0 = insert_pair_s(r0,sp);
      } else
        Nsyz++;
    }
  }
  return r0;
}

ND_pairs *nd_newpairs_array_s(int t, NODE *syz)
{
  NODE h,s;
  UINT *dl;
  int ts,ret,i;
  ND_pairs r,r0,_sp,sp;
  ND_pairs *d;
  SIG spsig,tsig;
  static int nvar = 0;
  static SIG _sig1,_sig2;
  struct oEGT eg1,eg2,eg3,eg4;

  NEWND_pairs(_sp);
  if ( !_sig1 || nvar != nd_nvar ) {
    nvar = nd_nvar; NEWSIG(_sig1); NEWSIG(_sig2);
  }
  d = (ND_pairs *)MALLOC(nd_nbase*sizeof(ND_pairs));
  Nnewpair = 0;
  for ( i = 0; i < t; i++ ) {
    ret = _create_spair_s(i,t,_sp,_sig1,_sig2);
    if ( ret ) {
      spsig = _sp->sig;
      for ( s = syz[spsig->pos]; s; s = s->next ) {
        tsig = (SIG)s->body;
        if ( _dl_redble(DL(tsig),DL(spsig),nd_nvar) )
          break;
      }
      if ( s == 0 ) {
        NEWND_pairs(sp);
        dup_ND_pairs(sp,_sp);
        d[spsig->pos] = insert_pair_s(d[spsig->pos],sp);
      } else
        Nsyz++;
    }
  }
  return d;
}

/* ipair = [i1,i2],[i1,i2],... */
ND_pairs nd_ipairtospair(NODE ipair)
{
  int s1,s2;
  NODE tn,t;
  ND_pairs r,r0;

  for ( r0 = 0, t = ipair; t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
    NEXTND_pairs(r0,r);
    tn = BDY((LIST)BDY(t));
    r->i1 = ZTOS((Q)ARG0(tn));
    r->i2 = ZTOS((Q)ARG1(tn));
    ndl_lcm(DL(nd_psh[r->i1]),DL(nd_psh[r->i2]),r->lcm);
    s1 = SG(nd_psh[r->i1])-TD(DL(nd_psh[r->i1]));
    s2 = SG(nd_psh[r->i2])-TD(DL(nd_psh[r->i2]));
    SG(r) = MAX(s1,s2) + TD(LCM(r));
    /* experimental */
    if ( nd_sugarweight )
        r->sugar2 = ndl_weight2(r->lcm); 
  }
  if ( r0 ) NEXT(r) = 0;
  return r0;
}

/* kokokara */

ND_pairs crit_B( ND_pairs d, int s )
{
  ND_pairs cur,head,prev,remove;
  UINT *t,*tl,*lcm;
  int td,tdl;

  if ( !d ) return 0;
  t = DL(nd_psh[s]);
  prev = 0;
  head = cur = d;
  lcm = (UINT *)MALLOC(nd_wpd*sizeof(UINT));
  while ( cur ) {
    tl = cur->lcm;
    if ( ndl_reducible(tl,t) ) {
      ndl_lcm(DL(nd_psh[cur->i1]),t,lcm);
      if ( !ndl_equal(lcm,tl) ) {
        ndl_lcm(DL(nd_psh[cur->i2]),t,lcm);
        if (!ndl_equal(lcm,tl)) {
          remove = cur;
          if ( !prev ) {
            head = cur = NEXT(cur);
          } else {
            cur = NEXT(prev) = NEXT(cur);
          }
          FREENDP(remove); NcriB++;
        } else {
          prev = cur; cur = NEXT(cur);
        }
      } else {
        prev = cur; cur = NEXT(cur);
      }
    } else {
      prev = cur; cur = NEXT(cur);
    }
  }
  return head;
}

ND_pairs crit_M( ND_pairs d1 )
{
    ND_pairs e,d2,d3,dd,p;
    UINT *id,*jd;

    if ( !d1 ) return d1;
    for ( dd = 0, e = d1; e; e = d3 ) {
        if ( !(d2 = NEXT(e)) ) {
            NEXT(e) = dd;
            return e;
        }
        id = LCM(e);
        for ( d3 = 0; d2; d2 = p ) {
            p = NEXT(d2);
            jd = LCM(d2);
            if ( ndl_equal(jd,id) )
                ;
            else if ( TD(jd) > TD(id) )
                if ( ndl_reducible(jd,id) ) continue;
                else ;
            else if ( ndl_reducible(id,jd) ) goto delit;
            NEXT(d2) = d3;
            d3 = d2;
        }
        NEXT(e) = dd;
        dd = e;
        continue;
        /**/
    delit:    NEXT(d2) = d3;
        d3 = d2;
        for ( ; p; p = d2 ) {
            d2 = NEXT(p);
            NEXT(p) = d3;
            d3 = p;
        }
        FREENDP(e);
    }
    return dd;
}

ND_pairs crit_F( ND_pairs d1 )
{
    ND_pairs rest, head,remove;
    ND_pairs last, p, r, w;
    int s;

    if ( !d1 ) return d1;
    for ( head = last = 0, p = d1; NEXT(p); ) {
        r = w = equivalent_pairs(p,&rest);
        s = SG(r);
        w = NEXT(w);
        while ( w ) {
            if ( crit_2(w->i1,w->i2) ) {
                r = w;
                w = NEXT(w);
                while ( w ) {
                    remove = w;
                    w = NEXT(w);
                    FREENDP(remove);
                }
                break;
            } else if ( SG(w) < s ) {
                FREENDP(r);
                r = w;
                s = SG(r);
                w = NEXT(w);
            } else {
                remove = w;
                w = NEXT(w);
                FREENDP(remove);
            }
        }
        if ( last ) NEXT(last) = r;
        else head = r;
        NEXT(last = r) = 0;
        p = rest;
        if ( !p ) return head;
    }
    if ( !last ) return p;
    NEXT(last) = p;
    return head;
}

int crit_2( int dp1, int dp2 )
{
    return ndl_disjoint(DL(nd_psh[dp1]),DL(nd_psh[dp2]));
}

ND_pairs equivalent_pairs( ND_pairs d1, ND_pairs *prest )
{
    ND_pairs w,p,r,s;
    UINT *d;

    w = d1;
    d = LCM(w);
    s = NEXT(w);
    NEXT(w) = 0;
    for ( r = 0; s; s = p ) {
        p = NEXT(s);
        if ( ndl_equal(d,LCM(s)) ) {
            NEXT(s) = w; w = s;
        } else {
            NEXT(s) = r; r = s;
        }
    }
    *prest = r;
    return w;
}

NODE update_base(NODE nd,int ndp)
{
    UINT *dl, *dln;
    NODE last, p, head;

    dl = DL(nd_psh[ndp]);
    for ( head = last = 0, p = nd; p; ) {
        dln = DL(nd_psh[(long)BDY(p)]);
        if ( ndl_reducible( dln, dl ) ) {
            p = NEXT(p);
            if ( last ) NEXT(last) = p;
        } else {
            if ( !last ) head = p;
            p = NEXT(last = p);
        }
    }
    head = append_one(head,ndp);
    return head;
}

ND_pairs nd_minp( ND_pairs d, ND_pairs *prest )
{
    ND_pairs m,ml,p,l;
    UINT *lcm;
    int s,td,len,tlen,c,c1;

    if ( !(p = NEXT(m = d)) ) {
        *prest = p;
        NEXT(m) = 0;
        return m;
    }
    if ( !NoSugar ) {
        if ( nd_sugarweight ) {
            s = m->sugar2;
            for ( ml = 0, l = m; p; p = NEXT(l = p) )
                if ( (p->sugar2 < s) 
                    || ((p->sugar2 == s) && (DL_COMPARE(LCM(p),LCM(m)) < 0)) ) {
                    ml = l; m = p; s = m->sugar2;
                }
        } else {
            s = SG(m);
            for ( ml = 0, l = m; p; p = NEXT(l = p) )
                if ( (SG(p) < s) 
                    || ((SG(p) == s) && (DL_COMPARE(LCM(p),LCM(m)) < 0)) ) {
                    ml = l; m = p; s = SG(m);
                }
        }
    } else {
        for ( ml = 0, l = m; p; p = NEXT(l = p) )
            if ( DL_COMPARE(LCM(p),LCM(m)) < 0 ) {
                ml = l; m = p; s = SG(m);
            }
    }
    if ( !ml ) *prest = NEXT(m);
    else {
        NEXT(ml) = NEXT(m);
        *prest = d;
    }
    NEXT(m) = 0;
    return m;
}

ND_pairs nd_minsugarp( ND_pairs d, ND_pairs *prest )
{
    int msugar,i;
    ND_pairs t,dm0,dm,dr0,dr;

    if ( nd_sugarweight ) {
        for ( msugar = d->sugar2, t = NEXT(d); t; t = NEXT(t) )
            if ( t->sugar2 < msugar ) msugar = t->sugar2;
        dm0 = 0; dr0 = 0;
        for ( i = 0, t = d; t; t = NEXT(t) )
            if ( i < nd_f4_nsp && t->sugar2 == msugar ) {
                if ( dm0 ) NEXT(dm) = t;
                else dm0 = t;
                dm = t;
                i++;
            } else {
                if ( dr0 ) NEXT(dr) = t;
                else dr0 = t;
                dr = t;
            }
    } else {
        for ( msugar = SG(d), t = NEXT(d); t; t = NEXT(t) )
            if ( SG(t) < msugar ) msugar = SG(t);
        dm0 = 0; dr0 = 0;
        for ( i = 0, t = d; t; t = NEXT(t) )
            if ( i < nd_f4_nsp && SG(t) == msugar ) {
                if ( dm0 ) NEXT(dm) = t;
                else dm0 = t;
                dm = t;
                i++;
            } else {
                if ( dr0 ) NEXT(dr) = t;
                else dr0 = t;
                dr = t;
            }
    }
    NEXT(dm) = 0;
    if ( dr0 ) NEXT(dr) = 0;
    *prest = dr0;
    return dm0;
}

ND_pairs nd_minsugarp_s( ND_pairs d, ND_pairs *prest )
{
  int msugar;
  ND_pairs t,last;

  for ( msugar = SG(d), t = d; t; t = NEXT(t) )
    if ( SG(t) == msugar ) last = t;
  *prest = last->next;
  last->next = 0;
  return d;
}

int nd_tdeg(NDV c)
{
  int wmax = 0;
  int i,len;
  NMV a;

  len = LEN(c);
  for ( a = BDY(c), i = 0; i < len; i++, NMV_ADV(a) )
    wmax = MAX(TD(DL(a)),wmax);
  return wmax;
}

int ndv_newps(int m,NDV a,NDV aq)
{
    int len;
    RHist r;
    NDV b;
    NODE tn;
    LIST l;
    Z iq;

    if ( nd_psn == nd_pslen ) {
        nd_pslen *= 2;
        nd_ps = (NDV *)REALLOC((char *)nd_ps,nd_pslen*sizeof(NDV));
        nd_ps_trace = (NDV *)REALLOC((char *)nd_ps_trace,nd_pslen*sizeof(NDV));
        nd_psh = (RHist *)REALLOC((char *)nd_psh,nd_pslen*sizeof(RHist));
        nd_bound = (UINT **)
            REALLOC((char *)nd_bound,nd_pslen*sizeof(UINT *));
        nd_ps_sym = (NDV *)REALLOC((char *)nd_ps_sym,nd_pslen*sizeof(NDV));
        nd_ps_trace_sym = (NDV *)REALLOC((char *)nd_ps_trace_sym,nd_pslen*sizeof(NDV));
    }
    NEWRHist(r); nd_psh[nd_psn] = r;
    nd_ps[nd_psn] = a;
    if ( aq ) {
        nd_ps_trace[nd_psn] = aq;
        if ( !m ) {
          register_hcf(aq);
        } else if ( m == -2 ) {
          /* do nothing */
        } else
          error("ndv_newps : invalud modulus");
        nd_bound[nd_psn] = ndv_compute_bound(aq);
#if 1
        SG(r) = SG(aq);
#else
        SG(r) = nd_tdeg(aq);
#endif
        ndl_copy(HDL(aq),DL(r));
        r->sig = dup_sig(aq->sig);
    } else {
        if ( !m ) register_hcf(a);
        nd_bound[nd_psn] = ndv_compute_bound(a);
#if 1
        SG(r) = SG(a);
#else
        SG(r) = nd_tdeg(a);
#endif
        ndl_copy(HDL(a),DL(r));
        r->sig = dup_sig(a->sig);
    }
    if ( nd_demand ) {
        if ( aq ) {
            ndv_save(nd_ps_trace[nd_psn],nd_psn);
            nd_ps_sym[nd_psn] = ndv_symbolic(m,nd_ps_trace[nd_psn]);
            nd_ps_trace_sym[nd_psn] = ndv_symbolic(m,nd_ps_trace[nd_psn]);
            nd_ps_trace[nd_psn] = 0;
        } else {
            ndv_save(nd_ps[nd_psn],nd_psn);
            nd_ps_sym[nd_psn] = ndv_symbolic(m,nd_ps[nd_psn]);
            nd_ps[nd_psn] = 0;
        }
    }
    if ( nd_gentrace ) {
        /* reverse the tracelist and append it to alltracelist */
        nd_tracelist = reverse_node(nd_tracelist); MKLIST(l,nd_tracelist);
        STOZ(nd_psn,iq); tn = mknode(2,iq,l); MKLIST(l,tn);
        MKNODE(tn,l,nd_alltracelist); nd_alltracelist = tn; nd_tracelist = 0;
    }
    return nd_psn++;
}

// find LM wrt the specified modord
void ndv_lm_modord(NDV p,DL d)
{
  NMV m;
  DL tmp;
  int len,i,ret;

  NEWDL(tmp,nd_nvar);
  m = BDY(p); len = LEN(p);
  _ndltodl(DL(m),d); // printdl(d); printf("->");
  for ( i = 1, NMV_ADV(m); i < len; i++, NMV_ADV(m) ) {
    _ndltodl(DL(m),tmp);
    ret = comp_sig_monomial(nd_nvar,tmp,d);
    if ( ret > 0 ) _copydl(nd_nvar,tmp,d);
  }
//   printdl(d); printf("\n");
}

/* nd_tracelist = [[0,index,div],...,[nd_psn-1,index,div]] */
/* return 1 if success, 0 if failure (HC(a mod p)) */

int ndv_setup(int mod,int trace,NODE f,int dont_sort,int dont_removecont,int sba)
{
  int i,j,td,len,max;
  NODE s,s0,f0,tn;
  UINT *d;
  RHist r;
  NDVI w;
  NDV a,am;
  union oNDC hc;
  NODE node;
  P hcp;
  Z iq,jq;
  LIST l;

  nd_found = 0; nd_notfirst = 0; nd_create = 0;
  /* initialize the tracelist */
  nd_tracelist = 0;

  for ( nd_psn = 0, s = f; s; s = NEXT(s) ) if ( BDY(s) ) nd_psn++;
  w = (NDVI)MALLOC(nd_psn*sizeof(struct oNDVI));
  for ( i = j = 0, s = f; s; s = NEXT(s), j++ ) 
    if ( BDY(s) ) { w[i].p = BDY(s); w[i].i = j; i++; }
  if ( !dont_sort ) {
    /* XXX heuristic */
    if ( !sba && !nd_ord->id && (nd_ord->ord.simple<2) )
      qsort(w,nd_psn,sizeof(struct oNDVI),
        (int (*)(const void *,const void *))ndvi_compare_rev);
    else
      qsort(w,nd_psn,sizeof(struct oNDVI),
        (int (*)(const void *,const void *))ndvi_compare);
  }
  nd_pslen = 2*nd_psn;
  nd_ps = (NDV *)MALLOC(nd_pslen*sizeof(NDV));
  nd_ps_trace = (NDV *)MALLOC(nd_pslen*sizeof(NDV));
  nd_ps_sym = (NDV *)MALLOC(nd_pslen*sizeof(NDV));
  nd_ps_trace_sym = (NDV *)MALLOC(nd_pslen*sizeof(NDV));
  nd_psh = (RHist *)MALLOC(nd_pslen*sizeof(RHist));
  nd_bound = (UINT **)MALLOC(nd_pslen*sizeof(UINT *));
  nd_hcf = 0;

  if ( trace && nd_vc )
    makesubst(nd_vc,&nd_subst);
  else
    nd_subst = 0;

  if ( !nd_red )
    nd_red = (RHist *)MALLOC(REDTAB_LEN*sizeof(RHist));
  for ( i = 0; i < REDTAB_LEN; i++ ) nd_red[i] = 0;
  for ( i = 0; i < nd_psn; i++ ) {
    hc = HCU(w[i].p);
    if ( trace ) {
      if ( mod == -2 ) {
        /* over a large finite field */
        /* trace = small modulus */
        a = nd_ps_trace[i] = ndv_dup(-2,w[i].p);
        ndv_mod(-2,a);
        if ( !dont_removecont) ndv_removecont(-2,a);
        am = nd_ps[i] = ndv_dup(trace,w[i].p);
        ndv_mod(trace,am);
      if ( DL_COMPARE(HDL(am),HDL(a)) ) 
        return 0;
        ndv_removecont(trace,am);
      } else {
        a = nd_ps_trace[i] = ndv_dup(0,w[i].p);
        if ( !dont_removecont) ndv_removecont(0,a);
        register_hcf(a);
        am = nd_ps[i] = ndv_dup(mod,a);
        ndv_mod(mod,am);
      if ( DL_COMPARE(HDL(am),HDL(a)) ) 
        return 0;
        ndv_removecont(mod,am);
      }
    } else {
      a = nd_ps[i] = ndv_dup(mod,w[i].p);
      if ( mod || !dont_removecont ) ndv_removecont(mod,a);
      if ( !mod ) register_hcf(a);
    }
    if ( nd_gentrace ) {
      STOZ(i,iq); STOZ(w[i].i,jq); node = mknode(3,iq,jq,ONE);
      /* exact division */
      if ( !dont_removecont )
        ARG2(node) = (pointer)ndc_div(trace?0:mod,hc,HCU(a));
      MKLIST(l,node); NEXTNODE(nd_tracelist,tn); BDY(tn) = l;
    }
    NEWRHist(r); SG(r) = HTD(a); ndl_copy(HDL(a),DL(r));
    nd_bound[i] = ndv_compute_bound(a);
    nd_psh[i] = r;
    if ( nd_demand ) {
      if ( trace ) {
        ndv_save(nd_ps_trace[i],i);
        nd_ps_sym[i] = ndv_symbolic(mod,nd_ps_trace[i]);
        nd_ps_trace_sym[i] = ndv_symbolic(mod,nd_ps_trace[i]);
        nd_ps_trace[i] = 0;
      } else {
        ndv_save(nd_ps[i],i);
        nd_ps_sym[i] = ndv_symbolic(mod,nd_ps[i]);
        nd_ps[i] = 0;
      }
    }
  }
  if ( sba ) {
    nd_sba_hm = (DL *)MALLOC(nd_psn*sizeof(DL));
   // setup signatures
    for ( i = 0; i < nd_psn; i++ ) {
      SIG sig;

      NEWSIG(sig); sig->pos = i;
      nd_ps[i]->sig = sig;
      if ( nd_demand ) nd_ps_sym[i]->sig = sig;
        nd_psh[i]->sig = sig;
      if ( trace ) { 
        nd_ps_trace[i]->sig = sig;
        if ( nd_demand ) nd_ps_trace_sym[i]->sig = sig;
      }
      NEWDL(nd_sba_hm[i],nd_nvar);
      if ( nd_sba_modord )
        ndv_lm_modord(nd_ps[i],nd_sba_hm[i]);
      else
        _ndltodl(DL(nd_psh[i]),nd_sba_hm[i]);
    }
    nd_sba_pos = (NODE *)MALLOC(nd_psn*sizeof(NODE));
    for ( i = 0; i < nd_psn; i++ ) {
      j = nd_psh[i]->sig->pos;
      nd_sba_pos[j] = append_one(nd_sba_pos[j],i);
    }
  }
  if ( nd_gentrace && nd_tracelist ) NEXT(tn) = 0;
  return 1;
}

struct order_spec *append_block(struct order_spec *spec,
    int nv,int nalg,int ord);

extern VECT current_dl_weight_vector_obj;
static VECT prev_weight_vector_obj;

void preprocess_algcoef(VL vv,VL av,struct order_spec *ord,LIST f,
    struct order_spec **ord1p,LIST *f1p,NODE *alistp)
{
    NODE alist,t,s,r0,r,arg;
    VL tv;
    P poly;
    DP d;
    Alg alpha,dp;
    DAlg inv,da,hc;
    MP m;
    int i,nvar,nalg,n;
    NumberField nf;
    LIST f1,f2;
    struct order_spec *current_spec;
    VECT obj,obj0;
    VECT tmp;

    for ( nvar = 0, tv = vv; tv; tv = NEXT(tv), nvar++);
    for ( nalg = 0, tv = av; tv; tv = NEXT(tv), nalg++);

    for ( alist = 0, tv = av; tv; tv = NEXT(tv) ) {
        NEXTNODE(alist,t); MKV(tv->v,poly); 
        MKAlg(poly,alpha); BDY(t) = (pointer)alpha;
        tv->v = tv->v->priv;
    }
    NEXT(t) = 0;

    /* simplification, making polynomials monic */
    setfield_dalg(alist);
    obj_algtodalg((Obj)f,(Obj *)&f1);
    for ( t = BDY(f); t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
        initd(ord); ptod(vv,vv,(P)BDY(t),&d);            
        hc = (DAlg)BDY(d)->c;
        if ( NID(hc) == N_DA ) {
            invdalg(hc,&inv);
            for ( m = BDY(d); m; m = NEXT(m) ) {
                muldalg(inv,(DAlg)m->c,&da); m->c = (Obj)da;
            }
        }
        initd(ord); dtop(vv,vv,d,(Obj *)&poly); BDY(f) = (pointer)poly;
    }
    obj_dalgtoalg((Obj)f1,(Obj *)&f);

    /* append alg vars to the var list */
    for ( tv = vv; NEXT(tv); tv = NEXT(tv) );
    NEXT(tv) = av;

    /* append a block to ord */
    *ord1p = append_block(ord,nvar,nalg,2);

    /* create generator list */
    nf = get_numberfield();
    for ( i = nalg-1, t = BDY(f); i >= 0; i-- ) {
        MKAlg(nf->defpoly[i],dp);
        MKNODE(s,dp,t); t = s;
    }
    MKLIST(f1,t);
    *alistp = alist;
    algobjtorat((Obj)f1,(Obj *)f1p);

    /* creating a new weight vector */
    prev_weight_vector_obj = obj0 = current_dl_weight_vector_obj;
    n = nvar+nalg+1;
    MKVECT(obj,n);
    if ( obj0 && obj0->len == nvar )
        for ( i = 0; i < nvar; i++ ) BDY(obj)[i] = BDY(obj0)[i];
    else
        for ( i = 0; i < nvar; i++ ) BDY(obj)[i] = (pointer)ONE;
    for ( i = 0; i < nalg; i++ ) BDY(obj)[i+nvar] = 0;
    BDY(obj)[n-1] = (pointer)ONE;
    arg = mknode(1,obj);
    Pdp_set_weight(arg,&tmp);
}

NODE postprocess_algcoef(VL av,NODE alist,NODE r)
{
    NODE s,t,u0,u;
    P p;
    VL tv;
    Obj obj;
    VECT tmp;
    NODE arg;

    u0 = 0;
    for ( t = r; t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
        p = (P)BDY(t);
        for ( tv = av, s = alist; tv; tv = NEXT(tv), s = NEXT(s) ) {
            substr(CO,0,(Obj)p,tv->v,(Obj)BDY(s),&obj); p = (P)obj;
        }
        if ( OID(p) == O_P || (OID(p) == O_N && NID((Num)p) != N_A) ) {
            NEXTNODE(u0,u);
            BDY(u) = (pointer)p;
        }
    }    
    arg = mknode(1,prev_weight_vector_obj);
    Pdp_set_weight(arg,&tmp);

    return u0;
}

void nd_gr(LIST f,LIST v,int m,int homo,int retdp,int f4,struct order_spec *ord,LIST *rp)
{
    VL tv,fv,vv,vc,av;
    NODE fd,fd0,r,r0,t,x,s,xx,alist;
    int e,max,nvar,i;
    NDV b;
    int ishomo,nalg,mrank,trank,wmax,len;
  NMV a;
    Alg alpha,dp;
    P p,zp;
    Q dmy;
    LIST f1,f2,zpl;
    Obj obj;
    NumberField nf;
    struct order_spec *ord1;
    NODE tr,tl1,tl2,tl3,tl4,nzlist;
    LIST l1,l2,l3,l4,l5;
  int j;
  Z jq,bpe,last_nonzero;
    int *perm;
    EPOS oepos;
    int obpe,oadv,ompos,cbpe;
    VECT hvect;

    NcriB = NcriMF = Ncri2 = 0;
    nd_module = 0;
    if ( !m && Demand ) nd_demand = 1;
    else nd_demand = 0;

    if ( DP_Multiple )
        nd_scale = ((double)DP_Multiple)/(double)(Denominator?Denominator:1);
#if 0
    ndv_alloc = 0;
#endif
    get_vars((Obj)f,&fv); pltovl(v,&vv); vlminus(fv,vv,&nd_vc);
    parse_nd_option(vv,current_option);
    if ( m && nd_vc )
       error("nd_{gr,f4} : computation over Fp(X) is unsupported. Use dp_gr_mod_main().");
    for ( nvar = 0, tv = vv; tv; tv = NEXT(tv), nvar++ );
    switch ( ord->id ) {
        case 1:
            if ( ord->nv != nvar )
                error("nd_{gr,f4} : invalid order specification");
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }
    nd_nalg = 0;
    av = 0;
    if ( !m ) {
        get_algtree((Obj)f,&av);
        for ( nalg = 0, tv = av; tv; tv = NEXT(tv), nalg++ );
        nd_ntrans = nvar;
        nd_nalg = nalg;
        /* #i -> t#i */
        if ( nalg ) {
            preprocess_algcoef(vv,av,ord,f,&ord1,&f1,&alist);
            ord = ord1;
            f = f1;
        }
        nvar += nalg;
    }
    nd_init_ord(ord);
    mrank = 0;
    for ( t = BDY(f), max = 1; t; t = NEXT(t) )
        for ( tv = vv; tv; tv = NEXT(tv) ) {
            if ( nd_module ) {
                if ( OID(BDY(t)) == O_DPM ) {
                  e = dpm_getdeg((DPM)BDY(t),&trank);
                  max = MAX(e,max);
                  mrank = MAX(mrank,trank);
                } else {
                  s = BDY((LIST)BDY(t));
                  trank = length(s);
                  mrank = MAX(mrank,trank);
                  for ( ; s; s = NEXT(s) ) {
                      e = getdeg(tv->v,(P)BDY(s));
                      max = MAX(e,max);
                  }
                }
            } else {
                if ( OID(BDY(t)) == O_DP ) {
                  e = dp_getdeg((DP)BDY(t));
                  max = MAX(e,max);
                } else {
                  e = getdeg(tv->v,(P)BDY(t));
                  max = MAX(e,max);
                }
            }
        }
    nd_setup_parameters(nvar,nd_nzlist?0:max);
    obpe = nd_bpe; oadv = nmv_adv; oepos = nd_epos; ompos = nd_mpos;
    ishomo = 1;
    for ( fd0 = 0, t = BDY(f); t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
      if ( nd_module ) {
        if ( OID(BDY(t)) == O_DPM ) {
          Z cont;
          DPM zdpm;

          if ( !m && !nd_gentrace ) dpm_ptozp((DPM)BDY(t),&cont,&zdpm);
          else zdpm = (DPM)BDY(t);
          b = (pointer)dpmtondv(m,zdpm);
        } else {
          if ( !m && !nd_gentrace ) pltozpl((LIST)BDY(t),&dmy,&zpl);
          else zpl = (LIST)BDY(t);
          b = (pointer)pltondv(CO,vv,zpl);
        }
      } else {
        if ( OID(BDY(t)) == O_DP ) {
          DP zdp;

          if ( !m && !nd_gentrace ) dp_ptozp((DP)BDY(t),&zdp);
          else zdp = (DP)BDY(t);
          b = (pointer)dptondv(m,zdp);
        } else {
          if ( !m && !nd_gentrace ) ptozp((P)BDY(t),1,&dmy,&zp);
          else zp = (P)BDY(t);
          b = (pointer)ptondv(CO,vv,zp);
        }
      }
      if ( ishomo )
        ishomo = ishomo && ndv_ishomo(b);
      if ( m ) ndv_mod(m,b);
      if ( b ) { NEXTNODE(fd0,fd); BDY(fd) = (pointer)b; }
    }
    if ( fd0 ) NEXT(fd) = 0;

  if ( !ishomo && homo ) {
        for ( t = fd0, wmax = max; t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
            b = (NDV)BDY(t); len = LEN(b);
            for ( a = BDY(b), i = 0; i < len; i++, NMV_ADV(a) )
                wmax = MAX(TD(DL(a)),wmax);
        }
        homogenize_order(ord,nvar,&ord1);
        nd_init_ord(ord1);
        nd_setup_parameters(nvar+1,nd_nzlist?0:wmax);
        for ( t = fd0; t; t = NEXT(t) )
            ndv_homogenize((NDV)BDY(t),obpe,oadv,oepos,ompos);
    }

    ndv_setup(m,0,fd0,(nd_gbblock||nd_splist||nd_check_splist)?1:0,0,0);
    if ( nd_gentrace ) {
        MKLIST(l1,nd_tracelist); MKNODE(nd_alltracelist,l1,0);
    }
  if ( nd_splist ) {
    *rp = compute_splist();
    return;
  }
  if ( nd_check_splist ) {
        if ( f4 ) {
            if ( check_splist_f4(m,nd_check_splist) ) *rp = (LIST)ONE;
            else *rp = 0;
        } else {
            if ( check_splist(m,nd_check_splist) ) *rp = (LIST)ONE;
            else *rp = 0;
        }
    return;
  }
    x = f4?nd_f4(m,0,&perm):nd_gb(m,ishomo || homo,0,0,&perm);
  if ( !x ) {
    *rp = 0; return;
  }
  if ( nd_gentrace ) {
    MKVECT(hvect,nd_psn);
    for ( i = 0; i < nd_psn; i++ )
       ndltodp(nd_psh[i]->dl,(DP *)&BDY(hvect)[i]);
  }
  if ( !ishomo && homo ) {
       /* dehomogenization */
    for ( t = x; t; t = NEXT(t) ) ndv_dehomogenize((NDV)BDY(t),ord);
    nd_init_ord(ord);
    nd_setup_parameters(nvar,0);
  }
    nd_demand = 0;
  if ( nd_module && nd_intersect ) {
    for ( j = nd_psn-1, x = 0; j >= 0; j-- )
      if ( MPOS(DL(nd_psh[j])) > nd_intersect ) { 
        MKNODE(xx,(pointer)((unsigned long)j),x); x = xx; 
      }
    conv_ilist(nd_demand,0,x,0);
    goto FINAL;
  }
    if ( nd_gentrace  && f4 ) { nzlist = nd_alltracelist; }
    x = ndv_reducebase(x,perm);
    if ( nd_gentrace  && !f4 ) { tl1 = nd_alltracelist; nd_alltracelist = 0; }
    x = ndv_reduceall(m,x);
    cbpe = nd_bpe;
    if ( nd_gentrace && !f4 ) { 
        tl2 = nd_alltracelist; nd_alltracelist = 0;
        ndv_check_membership(m,fd0,obpe,oadv,oepos,x);
        tl3 = nd_alltracelist; nd_alltracelist = 0; 
        if ( nd_gensyz ) { 
          nd_gb(m,0,1,1,0);
            tl4 = nd_alltracelist; nd_alltracelist = 0; 
        } else tl4 = 0;
    }
    nd_bpe = cbpe;
    nd_setup_parameters(nd_nvar,0);
FINAL:
    for ( r0 = 0, t = x; t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
      NEXTNODE(r0,r); 
      if ( nd_module ) {
        if ( retdp ) BDY(r) = ndvtodpm(m,BDY(t));
        else BDY(r) = ndvtopl(m,CO,vv,BDY(t),mrank);
      } else if ( retdp ) BDY(r) = ndvtodp(m,BDY(t));
      else BDY(r) = ndvtop(m,CO,vv,BDY(t));
    }
    if ( r0 ) NEXT(r) = 0;
    if ( !m && nd_nalg )
        r0 = postprocess_algcoef(av,alist,r0);
    MKLIST(*rp,r0);
    if ( nd_gentrace ) {
  if ( f4 ) {
            STOZ(16,bpe);
            STOZ(nd_last_nonzero,last_nonzero);
            tr = mknode(6,*rp,(!ishomo&&homo)?ONE:0,BDY(nzlist),bpe,last_nonzero,hvect); MKLIST(*rp,tr);
        } else {
            tl1 = reverse_node(tl1); tl2 = reverse_node(tl2);
            tl3 = reverse_node(tl3);
            /* tl2 = [[i,[[*,j,*,*],...]],...] */
            for ( t = tl2; t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
            /* s = [i,[*,j,*,*],...] */
                s = BDY((LIST)BDY(t));
                j = perm[ZTOS((Q)ARG0(s))]; STOZ(j,jq); ARG0(s) = (pointer)jq;
                for ( s = BDY((LIST)ARG1(s)); s; s = NEXT(s) ) {
                    j = perm[ZTOS((Q)ARG1(BDY((LIST)BDY(s))))]; STOZ(j,jq); 
                    ARG1(BDY((LIST)BDY(s))) = (pointer)jq;
                }
            }
            for ( j = length(x)-1, t = 0; j >= 0; j-- ) {
                STOZ(perm[j],jq); MKNODE(s,jq,t); t = s;
            }
            MKLIST(l1,tl1); MKLIST(l2,tl2); MKLIST(l3,t); MKLIST(l4,tl3);
            MKLIST(l5,tl4);
            STOZ(nd_bpe,bpe);
            tr = mknode(9,*rp,(!ishomo&&homo)?ONE:0,l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,bpe,hvect); MKLIST(*rp,tr);
        }
    }
#if 0
    fprintf(asir_out,"ndv_alloc=%d\n",ndv_alloc);
#endif
}

NODE nd_sba_f4(int m,int **indp);

void nd_sba(LIST f,LIST v,int m,int homo,int retdp,int f4,struct order_spec *ord,LIST *rp)
{
  VL tv,fv,vv,vc,av;
  NODE fd,fd0,r,r0,t,x,s,xx,nd,syz;
  int e,max,nvar,i;
  NDV b;
  int ishomo,nalg,wmax,len;
  NMV a;
  P p,zp;
  Q dmy;
  struct order_spec *ord1;
  int j;
  int *perm;
  EPOS oepos;
  int obpe,oadv,ompos,cbpe;
  struct oEGT eg0,eg1,egconv;

  nd_module = 0;
  nd_demand = 0;
  Nsamesig = 0;
  if ( DP_Multiple )
    nd_scale = ((double)DP_Multiple)/(double)(Denominator?Denominator:1);
  get_vars((Obj)f,&fv); pltovl(v,&vv); vlminus(fv,vv,&nd_vc);
  parse_nd_option(vv,current_option);
  if ( m && nd_vc )
    error("nd_sba : computation over Fp(X) is unsupported. Use dp_gr_mod_main().");
  for ( nvar = 0, tv = vv; tv; tv = NEXT(tv), nvar++ );
  switch ( ord->id ) {
    case 1:
      if ( ord->nv != nvar )
        error("nd_sba : invalid order specification");
        break;
      default:
        break;
  }
  nd_nalg = 0;
  nd_init_ord(ord);
  // for SIG comparison
  initd(ord);
  for ( t = BDY(f), max = 1; t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
    for ( tv = vv; tv; tv = NEXT(tv) ) {
      if ( OID(BDY(t)) == O_DP ) {
        e = dp_getdeg((DP)BDY(t));
        max = MAX(e,max);
      } else {
        e = getdeg(tv->v,(P)BDY(t));
        max = MAX(e,max);
      }
    }
  }
  nd_setup_parameters(nvar,max);
  obpe = nd_bpe; oadv = nmv_adv; oepos = nd_epos; ompos = nd_mpos;
  ishomo = 1;
  for ( fd0 = 0, t = BDY(f); t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
    if ( OID(BDY(t)) == O_DP ) {
      DP zdp;

      if ( !m ) dp_ptozp((DP)BDY(t),&zdp);
      else zdp = (DP)BDY(t);
      b = (pointer)dptondv(m,zdp);
    } else {
      if ( !m ) ptozp((P)BDY(t),1,&dmy,&zp);
      else zp = (P)BDY(t);
      b = (pointer)ptondv(CO,vv,zp);
    }
    if ( ishomo )
      ishomo = ishomo && ndv_ishomo(b);
    if ( m ) ndv_mod(m,b);
    if ( b ) { NEXTNODE(fd0,fd); BDY(fd) = (pointer)b; }
  }
  if ( fd0 ) NEXT(fd) = 0;

  if ( !ishomo && homo ) {
    for ( t = fd0, wmax = max; t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
      b = (NDV)BDY(t); len = LEN(b);
      for ( a = BDY(b), i = 0; i < len; i++, NMV_ADV(a) )
        wmax = MAX(TD(DL(a)),wmax);
      }
      homogenize_order(ord,nvar,&ord1);
      nd_init_ord(ord1);
      // for SIG comparison
      initd(ord1);
      nd_setup_parameters(nvar+1,nd_nzlist?0:wmax);
      for ( t = fd0; t; t = NEXT(t) )
        ndv_homogenize((NDV)BDY(t),obpe,oadv,oepos,ompos);
  }

  ndv_setup(m,0,fd0,nd_sba_dontsort,0,1);
  x = f4 ? nd_sba_f4(m,&perm) : nd_sba_buch(m,ishomo || homo,&perm,&syz);
  if ( !x ) {
    *rp = 0; return;
  }
  if ( !ishomo && homo ) {
       /* dehomogenization */
    for ( t = x; t; t = NEXT(t) ) ndv_dehomogenize((NDV)BDY(t),ord);
    nd_init_ord(ord);
    // for SIG comparison
    initd(ord);
    nd_setup_parameters(nvar,0);
  }
  nd_demand = 0;
  x = ndv_reducebase(x,perm);
  x = ndv_reduceall(m,x);
  nd_setup_parameters(nd_nvar,0);
  get_eg(&eg0);
  for ( r0 = 0, t = x; t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
    NEXTNODE(r0,r); 
    if ( retdp ) BDY(r) = ndvtodp(m,BDY(t));
    else BDY(r) = ndvtop(m,CO,vv,BDY(t));
  }
  if ( r0 ) NEXT(r) = 0;
  if ( nd_sba_syz ) {
    LIST gb,hsyz;
    NODE nd;

    MKLIST(gb,r0);
    MKLIST(hsyz,syz);
    nd = mknode(2,gb,hsyz);
    MKLIST(*rp,nd);
  } else
    MKLIST(*rp,r0);
  get_eg(&eg1); init_eg(&egconv); add_eg(&egconv,&eg0,&eg1);
  print_eg("conv",&egconv); fprintf(asir_out,"\n");
}

void nd_gr_postproc(LIST f,LIST v,int m,struct order_spec *ord,int do_check,LIST *rp)
{
    VL tv,fv,vv,vc,av;
    NODE fd,fd0,r,r0,t,x,s,xx,alist;
    int e,max,nvar,i;
    NDV b;
    int ishomo,nalg;
    Alg alpha,dp;
    P p,zp;
    Q dmy;
    LIST f1,f2;
    Obj obj;
    NumberField nf;
    struct order_spec *ord1;
    int *perm;

    get_vars((Obj)f,&fv); pltovl(v,&vv); vlminus(fv,vv,&nd_vc);
    parse_nd_option(vv,current_option);
    for ( nvar = 0, tv = vv; tv; tv = NEXT(tv), nvar++ );
    switch ( ord->id ) {
        case 1:
            if ( ord->nv != nvar )
                error("nd_check : invalid order specification");
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }
    nd_nalg = 0;
    av = 0;
    if ( !m ) {
        get_algtree((Obj)f,&av);
        for ( nalg = 0, tv = av; tv; tv = NEXT(tv), nalg++ );
        nd_ntrans = nvar;
        nd_nalg = nalg;
        /* #i -> t#i */
        if ( nalg ) {
            preprocess_algcoef(vv,av,ord,f,&ord1,&f1,&alist);
            ord = ord1;
            f = f1;
        }
        nvar += nalg;
    }
    nd_init_ord(ord);
    for ( t = BDY(f), max = 1; t; t = NEXT(t) )
        for ( tv = vv; tv; tv = NEXT(tv) ) {
            e = getdeg(tv->v,(P)BDY(t));
            max = MAX(e,max);
        }
    nd_setup_parameters(nvar,max);
    ishomo = 1;
    for ( fd0 = 0, t = BDY(f); t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
        ptozp((P)BDY(t),1,&dmy,&zp);
        b = (pointer)ptondv(CO,vv,zp);
        if ( ishomo )
            ishomo = ishomo && ndv_ishomo(b);
        if ( m ) ndv_mod(m,b);
        if ( b ) { NEXTNODE(fd0,fd); BDY(fd) = (pointer)b; }
    }
    if ( fd0 ) NEXT(fd) = 0;
    ndv_setup(m,0,fd0,0,1,0);
    for ( x = 0, i = 0; i < nd_psn; i++ )
        x = update_base(x,i);
    if ( do_check ) {
        x = nd_gb(m,ishomo,1,0,&perm);
        if ( !x ) {
            *rp = 0;
            return;
        }
    } else {
#if 0
    /* bug ? */
        for ( t = x; t; t = NEXT(t) )
            BDY(t) = (pointer)nd_ps[(long)BDY(t)];
#else
    conv_ilist(0,0,x,&perm);
#endif
    }
    x = ndv_reducebase(x,perm);
    x = ndv_reduceall(m,x);
    for ( r0 = 0, t = x; t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
        NEXTNODE(r0,r); 
        BDY(r) = ndvtop(m,CO,vv,BDY(t));
    }
    if ( r0 ) NEXT(r) = 0;
    if ( !m && nd_nalg )
        r0 = postprocess_algcoef(av,alist,r0);
    MKLIST(*rp,r0);
}

NDV recompute_trace(NODE trace,NDV *p,int m);
void nd_gr_recompute_trace(LIST f,LIST v,int m,struct order_spec *ord,LIST tlist,LIST *rp);

NDV recompute_trace(NODE ti,NDV *p,int mod)
{
  int c,c1,c2,i;
  NM mul,m,tail;
  ND d,r,rm;
  NODE sj;
  NDV red;
  Obj mj;

  mul = (NM)MALLOC(sizeof(struct oNM)+(nd_wpd-1)*sizeof(UINT));
  CM(mul) = 1;
  tail = 0;
  for ( i = 0, d = r = 0; ti; ti = NEXT(ti), i++ ) {
    sj = BDY((LIST)BDY(ti));
    if ( ARG0(sj) ) {
      red = p[ZTOS((Q)ARG1(sj))];
      mj = (Obj)ARG2(sj);
      if ( OID(mj) != O_DP ) ndl_zero(DL(mul));
      else dltondl(nd_nvar,BDY((DP)mj)->dl,DL(mul));
      rm = ndv_mul_nm(mod,mul,red);
      if ( !r ) r = rm;
      else {
        for ( m = BDY(r); m && !ndl_equal(m->dl,BDY(rm)->dl); m = NEXT(m), LEN(r)-- ) {
          if ( d ) {
            NEXT(tail) = m; tail = m; LEN(d)++;
          } else {
            MKND(nd_nvar,m,1,d); tail = BDY(d);
          }
        }
        if ( !m ) return 0; /* failure */
                else {
          BDY(r) = m;
                    if ( mod > 0 || mod == -1 ) {
            c1 = invm(HCM(rm),mod); c2 = mod-HCM(r);
            DMAR(c1,c2,0,mod,c);
            nd_mul_c(mod,rm,c);
                    } else {
                      Z t,u;

                      chsgnlf(HCZ(r),&t);
                      divlf(t,HCZ(rm),&u);
                      nd_mul_c_lf(rm,u);
                    }
          r = nd_add(mod,r,rm);
        }
          }
     }
  }
  if ( tail ) NEXT(tail) = 0;
  d = nd_add(mod,d,r);
  nd_mul_c(mod,d,invm(HCM(d),mod));
  return ndtondv(mod,d);
}

void nd_gr_recompute_trace(LIST f,LIST v,int m,struct order_spec *ord,LIST tlist,LIST *rp)
{
    VL tv,fv,vv,vc,av;
    NODE fd,fd0,r,r0,t,x,s,xx,alist;
    int e,max,nvar,i;
    NDV b;
    int ishomo,nalg;
    Alg alpha,dp;
    P p,zp;
    Q dmy;
    LIST f1,f2;
    Obj obj;
    NumberField nf;
    struct order_spec *ord1;
  NODE permtrace,intred,ind,perm,trace,ti;
  int len,n,j;
  NDV *db,*pb;

    get_vars((Obj)f,&fv); pltovl(v,&vv); vlminus(fv,vv,&nd_vc);
    parse_nd_option(vv,current_option);
    for ( nvar = 0, tv = vv; tv; tv = NEXT(tv), nvar++ );
    switch ( ord->id ) {
        case 1:
            if ( ord->nv != nvar )
                error("nd_check : invalid order specification");
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }
    nd_init_ord(ord);
  nd_bpe = ZTOS((Q)ARG7(BDY(tlist)));
    nd_setup_parameters(nvar,0);

  len = length(BDY(f));
  db = (NDV *)MALLOC(len*sizeof(NDV *));
  for ( i = 0, t = BDY(f); t; i++, t = NEXT(t) ) {
      ptozp((P)BDY(t),1,&dmy,&zp);
      b = ptondv(CO,vv,zp);
        ndv_mod(m,b);
    ndv_mul_c(m,b,invm(HCM(b),m));
    db[i] = b;
    }

  permtrace = BDY((LIST)ARG2(BDY(tlist))); 
  intred = BDY((LIST)ARG3(BDY(tlist))); 
  ind = BDY((LIST)ARG4(BDY(tlist)));
  perm = BDY((LIST)ARG0(permtrace));
  trace = NEXT(permtrace);

  for ( i = length(perm)-1, t = trace; t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
    j = ZTOS((Q)ARG0(BDY((LIST)BDY(t))));
    if ( j > i ) i = j;
  }
  n = i+1;
  pb = (NDV *)MALLOC(n*sizeof(NDV *));
  for ( t = perm, i = 0; t; t = NEXT(t), i++ ) {
    ti = BDY((LIST)BDY(t));
    pb[ZTOS((Q)ARG0(ti))] = db[ZTOS((Q)ARG1(ti))];
  }
  for ( t = trace; t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
    ti = BDY((LIST)BDY(t));
    pb[ZTOS((Q)ARG0(ti))] = recompute_trace(BDY((LIST)ARG1(ti)),pb,m);
    if ( !pb[ZTOS((Q)ARG0(ti))] ) { *rp = 0; return; }
      if ( DP_Print ) { 
           fprintf(asir_out,"."); fflush(asir_out);
      }
  }
  for ( t = intred; t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
    ti = BDY((LIST)BDY(t));
    pb[ZTOS((Q)ARG0(ti))] = recompute_trace(BDY((LIST)ARG1(ti)),pb,m);
    if ( !pb[ZTOS((Q)ARG0(ti))] ) { *rp = 0; return; }
      if ( DP_Print ) { 
           fprintf(asir_out,"*"); fflush(asir_out);
      }
  }
    for ( r0 = 0, t = ind; t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
        NEXTNODE(r0,r); 
    b = pb[ZTOS((Q)BDY(t))];
        ndv_mul_c(m,b,invm(HCM(b),m));
#if 0
        BDY(r) = ndvtop(m,CO,vv,pb[ZTOS((Q)BDY(t))]);
#else
        BDY(r) = ndvtodp(m,pb[ZTOS((Q)BDY(t))]);
#endif
    }
    if ( r0 ) NEXT(r) = 0;
    MKLIST(*rp,r0);
    if ( DP_Print ) fprintf(asir_out,"\n");
}

void nd_gr_trace(LIST f,LIST v,int trace,int homo,int retdp,int f4,struct order_spec *ord,LIST *rp)
{
    VL tv,fv,vv,vc,av;
    NODE fd,fd0,in0,in,r,r0,t,s,cand,alist;
    int m,nocheck,nvar,mindex,e,max;
    NDV c;
    NMV a;
    P p,zp;
    Q dmy;
    EPOS oepos;
    int obpe,oadv,wmax,i,len,cbpe,ishomo,nalg,mrank,trank,ompos;
    Alg alpha,dp;
    P poly;
    LIST f1,f2,zpl;
    Obj obj;
    NumberField nf;
    struct order_spec *ord1;
    struct oEGT eg_check,eg0,eg1;
    NODE tr,tl1,tl2,tl3,tl4;
    LIST l1,l2,l3,l4,l5;
    int *perm;
    int j,ret;
    Z jq,bpe;
    VECT hvect;

    NcriB = NcriMF = Ncri2 = 0;
    nd_module = 0;
    nd_lf = 0;
    get_vars((Obj)f,&fv); pltovl(v,&vv); vlminus(fv,vv,&nd_vc);
    parse_nd_option(vv,current_option);
    if ( nd_lf ) {
      if ( f4 )
        nd_f4_lf_trace(f,v,trace,homo,ord,rp);
      else
        error("nd_gr_trace is not implemented yet over a large finite field");
      return;
    }
    if ( DP_Multiple )
        nd_scale = ((double)DP_Multiple)/(double)(Denominator?Denominator:1);

    for ( nvar = 0, tv = vv; tv; tv = NEXT(tv), nvar++ );
    switch ( ord->id ) {
        case 1:
            if ( ord->nv != nvar )
                error("nd_gr_trace : invalid order specification");
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }

    get_algtree((Obj)f,&av);
    for ( nalg = 0, tv = av; tv; tv = NEXT(tv), nalg++ );
    nd_ntrans = nvar;
    nd_nalg = nalg;
    /* #i -> t#i */
    if ( nalg ) {
        preprocess_algcoef(vv,av,ord,f,&ord1,&f1,&alist);
        ord = ord1;
        f = f1;
    }
    nvar += nalg;

    nocheck = 0;
    mindex = 0;

    if ( Demand ) nd_demand = 1;
    else nd_demand = 0;

    /* setup modulus */
    if ( trace < 0 ) {
        trace = -trace;
        nocheck = 1;
    }
    m = trace > 1 ? trace : get_lprime(mindex);
    nd_init_ord(ord);
    mrank = 0;
    for ( t = BDY(f), max = 1; t; t = NEXT(t) )
        for ( tv = vv; tv; tv = NEXT(tv) ) {
            if ( nd_module ) {
              if ( OID(BDY(t)) == O_DPM ) {
                e = dpm_getdeg((DPM)BDY(t),&trank);
                max = MAX(e,max);
                mrank = MAX(mrank,trank);
              } else {
                s = BDY((LIST)BDY(t));
                trank = length(s);
                mrank = MAX(mrank,trank);
                for ( ; s; s = NEXT(s) ) {
                    e = getdeg(tv->v,(P)BDY(s));
                    max = MAX(e,max);
                }
              }
            } else {
              if ( OID(BDY(t)) == O_DP ) {
                e = dp_getdeg((DP)BDY(t));
                max = MAX(e,max);
              } else {
                e = getdeg(tv->v,(P)BDY(t));
                max = MAX(e,max);
              }
            }
        }
    nd_setup_parameters(nvar,max);
    obpe = nd_bpe; oadv = nmv_adv; oepos = nd_epos; ompos = nd_mpos;
    ishomo = 1;
    for ( in0 = 0, fd0 = 0, t = BDY(f); t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
        if ( nd_module ) {
          if ( OID(BDY(t)) == O_DPM ) {
            Z cont;
            DPM zdpm;

            if ( !nd_gentrace ) dpm_ptozp((DPM)BDY(t),&cont,&zdpm);
            else zdpm = (DPM)BDY(t);
            c = (pointer)dpmtondv(m,zdpm);
          } else {
            if ( !nd_gentrace ) pltozpl((LIST)BDY(t),&dmy,&zpl);
            else zpl = (LIST)BDY(t);
            c = (pointer)pltondv(CO,vv,zpl);
          }
        } else {
          if ( OID(BDY(t)) == O_DP ) {
            DP zdp;

            if ( !nd_gentrace ) dp_ptozp((DP)BDY(t),&zdp);
            else zdp = (DP)BDY(t);
            c = (pointer)dptondv(m,zdp);
          } else {
            if ( !nd_gentrace ) ptozp((P)BDY(t),1,&dmy,&zp);
            else zp = (P)BDY(t);
            c = (pointer)ptondv(CO,vv,zp);
          }
        }
        if ( ishomo )
            ishomo = ishomo && ndv_ishomo(c);
        if ( c ) { 
            NEXTNODE(in0,in); BDY(in) = (pointer)c;
            NEXTNODE(fd0,fd); BDY(fd) = (pointer)ndv_dup(0,c);
        }
    }
    if ( in0 ) NEXT(in) = 0;
    if ( fd0 ) NEXT(fd) = 0;
    if ( !ishomo && homo ) {
        for ( t = in0, wmax = max; t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
            c = (NDV)BDY(t); len = LEN(c);
            for ( a = BDY(c), i = 0; i < len; i++, NMV_ADV(a) )
                wmax = MAX(TD(DL(a)),wmax);
        }
        homogenize_order(ord,nvar,&ord1);
        nd_init_ord(ord1);
        nd_setup_parameters(nvar+1,wmax);
        for ( t = fd0; t; t = NEXT(t) )
            ndv_homogenize((NDV)BDY(t),obpe,oadv,oepos,ompos);
    }
    if ( MaxDeg > 0 ) nocheck = 1;
    while ( 1 ) {
    tl1 = tl2 = tl3 = tl4 = 0;
        if ( Demand )
            nd_demand = 1;
        ret = ndv_setup(m,1,fd0,nd_gbblock?1:0,0,0);
        if ( nd_gentrace ) {
            MKLIST(l1,nd_tracelist); MKNODE(nd_alltracelist,l1,0);
        }
        if ( ret )
            cand = f4?nd_f4_trace(m,&perm):nd_gb_trace(m,ishomo || homo,&perm);
        if ( !ret || !cand ) {
            /* failure */
            if ( trace > 1 ) { *rp = 0; return; }
            else m = get_lprime(++mindex);
            continue;
        }
        if ( nd_gentrace ) {
          MKVECT(hvect,nd_psn);
          for ( i = 0; i < nd_psn; i++ )
             ndltodp(nd_psh[i]->dl,(DP *)&BDY(hvect)[i]);
        }
        if ( !ishomo && homo ) {
            /* dehomogenization */
            for ( t = cand; t; t = NEXT(t) ) ndv_dehomogenize((NDV)BDY(t),ord);
            nd_init_ord(ord);
            nd_setup_parameters(nvar,0);
        }
        nd_demand = 0;
        cand = ndv_reducebase(cand,perm);
        if ( nd_gentrace ) { tl1 = nd_alltracelist; nd_alltracelist = 0; }
        cand = ndv_reduceall(0,cand);
        cbpe = nd_bpe;
        if ( nd_gentrace ) { tl2 = nd_alltracelist; nd_alltracelist = 0; }
        get_eg(&eg0);
        if ( nocheck )
            break;
        if ( (ret = ndv_check_membership(0,in0,obpe,oadv,oepos,cand)) != 0 ) {
            if ( nd_gentrace ) { 
          tl3 = nd_alltracelist; nd_alltracelist = 0; 
        } else tl3 = 0;
            /* gbcheck : cand is a GB of Id(cand) ? */
            if ( nd_vc || nd_gentrace || nd_gensyz )
              ret = nd_gb(0,0,1,nd_gensyz?1:0,0)!=0;
            else
              ret = nd_f4(0,1,0)!=0;
            if ( nd_gentrace && nd_gensyz ) { 
          tl4 = nd_alltracelist; nd_alltracelist = 0; 
        } else tl4 = 0;
    }
    if ( ret ) break;
        else if ( trace > 1 ) {
            /* failure */
            *rp = 0; return;    
        } else {
            /* try the next modulus */
            m = get_lprime(++mindex);
            /* reset the parameters */
            if ( !ishomo && homo ) {
                nd_init_ord(ord1);
                nd_setup_parameters(nvar+1,wmax);
            } else {
                nd_init_ord(ord);
                nd_setup_parameters(nvar,max);
            }
        }
    }
    get_eg(&eg1); init_eg(&eg_check); add_eg(&eg_check,&eg0,&eg1);
    if ( DP_Print )
        fprintf(asir_out,"check=%.3fsec\n",eg_check.exectime);
    /* dp->p */
    nd_bpe = cbpe;
    nd_setup_parameters(nd_nvar,0);
    for ( r = cand; r; r = NEXT(r) ) {
      if ( nd_module ) {
        if ( retdp ) BDY(r) = ndvtodpm(0,BDY(r));
        else BDY(r) = ndvtopl(0,CO,vv,BDY(r),mrank);
      } else if ( retdp ) BDY(r) = ndvtodp(0,BDY(r));
      else BDY(r) = (pointer)ndvtop(0,CO,vv,BDY(r));
    }
    if ( nd_nalg )
        cand = postprocess_algcoef(av,alist,cand);
    MKLIST(*rp,cand);
    if ( nd_gentrace ) {
        tl1 = reverse_node(tl1); tl2 = reverse_node(tl2);
    tl3 = reverse_node(tl3);
    /* tl2 = [[i,[[*,j,*,*],...]],...] */
        for ( t = tl2; t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
      /* s = [i,[*,j,*,*],...] */
            s = BDY((LIST)BDY(t));
            j = perm[ZTOS((Q)ARG0(s))]; STOZ(j,jq); ARG0(s) = (pointer)jq;
      for ( s = BDY((LIST)ARG1(s)); s; s = NEXT(s) ) {
                j = perm[ZTOS((Q)ARG1(BDY((LIST)BDY(s))))]; STOZ(j,jq); 
        ARG1(BDY((LIST)BDY(s))) = (pointer)jq;
            }
    }
    for ( j = length(cand)-1, t = 0; j >= 0; j-- ) {
        STOZ(perm[j],jq); MKNODE(s,jq,t); t = s;
    }
        MKLIST(l1,tl1); MKLIST(l2,tl2); MKLIST(l3,t); MKLIST(l4,tl3);
    MKLIST(l5,tl4);
      STOZ(nd_bpe,bpe);
        tr = mknode(9,*rp,(!ishomo&&homo)?ONE:0,l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,bpe,hvect); MKLIST(*rp,tr);
    }
}

/* XXX : module element is not considered  */

void dltondl(int n,DL dl,UINT *r)
{
    UINT *d;
    int i,j,l,s,ord_l;
    struct order_pair *op;

    d = (unsigned int *)dl->d;
    for ( i = 0; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) r[i] = 0;
    if ( nd_blockmask ) {
        l = nd_blockmask->n;
        op = nd_blockmask->order_pair;
        for ( j = 0, s = 0; j < l; j++ ) {
            ord_l = op[j].length;
            for ( i = 0; i < ord_l; i++, s++ ) PUT_EXP(r,s,d[s]);
        }
        TD(r) = ndl_weight(r);
        ndl_weight_mask(r);
    } else {
        for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) PUT_EXP(r,i,d[i]);
        TD(r) = ndl_weight(r);
    }
}

DL ndltodl(int n,UINT *ndl)
{
    DL dl;
    int *d;
    int i,j,l,s,ord_l;
    struct order_pair *op;

    NEWDL_NOINIT(dl,n);
    dl->td = TD(ndl);
    d = dl->d;
    if ( nd_blockmask ) {
        l = nd_blockmask->n;
        op = nd_blockmask->order_pair;
        for ( j = 0, s = 0; j < l; j++ ) {
            ord_l = op[j].length;
            for ( i = 0; i < ord_l; i++, s++ ) d[s] = GET_EXP(ndl,s);
        }
    } else {
        for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) d[i] = GET_EXP(ndl,i);
    }
    return dl;
}

void _ndltodl(UINT *ndl,DL dl)
{
    int *d;
    int i,j,l,s,ord_l,n;
    struct order_pair *op;

    n = nd_nvar;
    dl->td = TD(ndl);
    d = dl->d;
    if ( nd_blockmask ) {
        l = nd_blockmask->n;
        op = nd_blockmask->order_pair;
        for ( j = 0, s = 0; j < l; j++ ) {
            ord_l = op[j].length;
            for ( i = 0; i < ord_l; i++, s++ ) d[s] = GET_EXP(ndl,s);
        }
    } else {
        for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) d[i] = GET_EXP(ndl,i);
    }
}

void nmtodp(int mod,NM m,DP *r)
{
    DP dp;
    MP mr;

    NEWMP(mr); 
    mr->dl = ndltodl(nd_nvar,DL(m));
    mr->c = (Obj)ndctop(mod,m->c);
    NEXT(mr) = 0; MKDP(nd_nvar,mr,dp); dp->sugar = mr->dl->td;
    *r = dp;
}

void ndltodp(UINT *d,DP *r)
{
    DP dp;
    MP mr;

    NEWMP(mr); 
    mr->dl = ndltodl(nd_nvar,d);
    mr->c = (Obj)ONE;
    NEXT(mr) = 0; MKDP(nd_nvar,mr,dp); dp->sugar = mr->dl->td;
    *r = dp;
}

void ndl_print(UINT *dl)
{
    int n;
    int i,j,l,ord_l,s,s0;
    struct order_pair *op;

    n = nd_nvar;
    printf("<<");
    if ( nd_blockmask ) {
        l = nd_blockmask->n;
        op = nd_blockmask->order_pair;
        for ( j = 0, s = s0 = 0; j < l; j++ ) {
            ord_l = op[j].length;
            for ( i = 0; i < ord_l; i++, s++ )
                printf(s==n-1?"%d":"%d,",GET_EXP(dl,s));
        }
    } else {
        for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) printf(i==n-1?"%d":"%d,",GET_EXP(dl,i));
    }
    printf(">>");
    if ( nd_module && MPOS(dl) )
        printf("*e%d",MPOS(dl));
}

void nd_print(ND p)
{
    NM m;

    if ( !p )
        printf("0\n");
    else {
        for ( m = BDY(p); m; m = NEXT(m) ) {
            if ( CM(m) & 0x80000000 ) printf("+@_%d*",IFTOF(CM(m)));
            else printf("+%ld*",CM(m));
            ndl_print(DL(m));
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
}

void nd_print_q(ND p)
{
    NM m;

    if ( !p )
        printf("0\n");
    else {
        for ( m = BDY(p); m; m = NEXT(m) ) {
            printf("+");
            printexpr(CO,(Obj)CZ(m));
            printf("*");
            ndl_print(DL(m));
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
}

void ndp_print(ND_pairs d)
{
    ND_pairs t;

    for ( t = d; t; t = NEXT(t) ) printf("%d,%d ",t->i1,t->i2);
    printf("\n");
}

void nd_removecont(int mod,ND p)
{
    int i,n;
    Z *w;
    NM m;
    struct oVECT v;

    if ( mod == -1 ) nd_mul_c(mod,p,_invsf(HCM(p)));
    else if ( mod == -2 ) {
      Z inv;
      divlf(ONE,HCZ(p),&inv);
      nd_mul_c_lf(p,inv);
    } else if ( mod ) nd_mul_c(mod,p,invm(HCM(p),mod));
    else {
        for ( m = BDY(p), n = 0; m; m = NEXT(m), n++ );
        w = (Z *)MALLOC(n*sizeof(Q));
        v.len = n;
        v.body = (pointer *)w;
        for ( m = BDY(p), i = 0; i < n; m = NEXT(m), i++ ) w[i] = CZ(m);
        removecont_array((P *)w,n,1);
        for ( m = BDY(p), i = 0; i < n; m = NEXT(m), i++ ) CZ(m) = w[i];    
    }
}

void nd_removecont2(ND p1,ND p2)
{
    int i,n1,n2,n;
    Z *w;
    NM m;
    struct oVECT v;

    n1 = nd_length(p1);
    n2 = nd_length(p2);
    n = n1+n2;
    w = (Z *)MALLOC(n*sizeof(Q));
    v.len = n;
    v.body = (pointer *)w;
    i = 0;
    if ( p1 )
        for ( m = BDY(p1); i < n1; m = NEXT(m), i++ ) w[i] = CZ(m);
    if ( p2 )
        for ( m = BDY(p2); i < n; m = NEXT(m), i++ ) w[i] = CZ(m);
    removecont_array((P *)w,n,1);
    i = 0;
    if ( p1 )
        for ( m = BDY(p1); i < n1; m = NEXT(m), i++ ) CZ(m) = w[i];    
    if ( p2 )
        for ( m = BDY(p2); i < n; m = NEXT(m), i++ ) CZ(m) = w[i];    
}

void ndv_removecont(int mod,NDV p)
{
    int i,len,all_p;
    Z *c;
    P *w;
    Z dvr,t;
    P g,cont,tp;
    NMV m;

    if ( mod == -1 )
        ndv_mul_c(mod,p,_invsf(HCM(p)));
    else if ( mod == -2 ) {
      Z inv;
      divlf(ONE,HCZ(p),&inv);
      ndv_mul_c_lf(p,inv);
    } else if ( mod )
        ndv_mul_c(mod,p,invm(HCM(p),mod));
    else {
        len = p->len;
        w = (P *)MALLOC(len*sizeof(P));
        c = (Z *)MALLOC(len*sizeof(Q));
        for ( m = BDY(p), all_p = 1, i = 0; i < len; NMV_ADV(m), i++ ) {
            ptozp(CP(m),1,(Q *)&c[i],&w[i]);
            all_p = all_p && !NUM(w[i]);
        }
        if ( all_p ) {
            qltozl((Q *)c,len,&dvr); nd_heu_nezgcdnpz(nd_vc,w,len,1,&g);
            mulp(nd_vc,(P)dvr,g,&cont);
            for ( m = BDY(p), i = 0; i < len; NMV_ADV(m), i++ ) {
                divsp(nd_vc,CP(m),cont,&tp); CP(m) = tp;
            }
        } else {
            sortbynm((Q *)c,len);
            qltozl((Q *)c,len,&dvr);
            for ( m = BDY(p), i = 0; i < len; NMV_ADV(m), i++ ) {
                divsp(nd_vc,CP(m),(P)dvr,&tp); CP(m) = tp;
            }
        }
    }
}

/* koko */

void ndv_homogenize(NDV p,int obpe,int oadv,EPOS oepos,int ompos)
{
    int len,i,max;
    NMV m,mr0,mr,t;

    len = p->len;
    for ( m = BDY(p), i = 0, max = 0; i < len; NMV_OADV(m), i++ )
        max = MAX(max,TD(DL(m)));
    mr0 = nmv_adv>oadv?(NMV)REALLOC(BDY(p),len*nmv_adv):BDY(p);
    m = (NMV)((char *)mr0+(len-1)*oadv);
    mr = (NMV)((char *)mr0+(len-1)*nmv_adv);
    t = (NMV)MALLOC(nmv_adv);
    for ( i = 0; i < len; i++, NMV_OPREV(m), NMV_PREV(mr) ) {
        ndl_homogenize(DL(m),DL(t),obpe,oepos,ompos,max);
        CZ(mr) = CZ(m);
        ndl_copy(DL(t),DL(mr));
    }
    NV(p)++;
    BDY(p) = mr0;
}

void ndv_dehomogenize(NDV p,struct order_spec *ord)
{
    int i,j,adj,len,newnvar,newwpd,newadv,newexporigin,newmpos;
    int pos;
    Q *w;
    Q dvr,t;
    NMV m,r;

    len = p->len;
    newnvar = nd_nvar-1;
    newexporigin = nd_get_exporigin(ord);
    if ( nd_module ) newmpos = newexporigin-1;
    newwpd = newnvar/nd_epw+(newnvar%nd_epw?1:0)+newexporigin;
    for ( m = BDY(p), i = 0; i < len; NMV_ADV(m), i++ )
        ndl_dehomogenize(DL(m));
    if ( newwpd != nd_wpd ) {
        newadv = ROUND_FOR_ALIGN(sizeof(struct oNMV)+(newwpd-1)*sizeof(UINT));
        for ( m = r = BDY(p), i = 0; i < len; NMV_ADV(m), NDV_NADV(r), i++ ) {
            CZ(r) = CZ(m);
            if ( nd_module ) pos = MPOS(DL(m));
            for ( j = 0; j < newexporigin; j++ ) DL(r)[j] = DL(m)[j];
            adj = nd_exporigin-newexporigin;
            for ( ; j < newwpd; j++ ) DL(r)[j] = DL(m)[j+adj];
            if ( nd_module ) {
                DL(r)[newmpos] = pos;
            }
        }
    }
    NV(p)--;
}

void nd_heu_nezgcdnpz(VL vl,P *pl,int m,int full,P *pr)
{
    int i;
    P *tpl,*tpl1;
    NODE l;
    P h,gcd,t;

    tpl = (P *)MALLOC(m*sizeof(P));
    tpl1 = (P *)MALLOC(m*sizeof(P));
    bcopy(pl,tpl,m*sizeof(P));
    gcd = (P)ONE;
    for ( l = nd_hcf; l; l = NEXT(l) ) {
        h = (P)BDY(l);
        while ( 1 ) {
            for ( i = 0; i < m; i++ )
                if ( !divtpz(vl,tpl[i],h,&tpl1[i]) )
                    break;
            if ( i == m ) {
                bcopy(tpl1,tpl,m*sizeof(P));
                mulp(vl,gcd,h,&t); gcd = t;
            } else
                break;
        }
    }
    if ( DP_Print > 2 ){fprintf(asir_out,"[%d]",nmonop(gcd)); fflush(asir_out);}
    if ( full ) {
        heu_nezgcdnpz(vl,tpl,m,&t);
        mulp(vl,gcd,t,pr);
    } else
        *pr = gcd;
}

void removecont_array(P *p,int n,int full)
{
    int all_p,all_q,i;
    Z *c;
    P *w;
    P t,s;

    for ( all_q = 1, i = 0; i < n; i++ )
        all_q = all_q && NUM(p[i]);
    if ( all_q ) {
        removecont_array_q((Z *)p,n);
    } else {
        c = (Z *)MALLOC(n*sizeof(Z));
        w = (P *)MALLOC(n*sizeof(P));
        for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
            ptozp(p[i],1,(Q *)&c[i],&w[i]);
        }
        removecont_array_q(c,n);
        nd_heu_nezgcdnpz(nd_vc,w,n,full,&t);
        for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
            divsp(nd_vc,w[i],t,&s); mulp(nd_vc,s,(P)c[i],&p[i]);
        }
    }
}

/* c is an int array */

void removecont_array_q(Z *c,int n)
{
  struct oVECT v;
  Z d0,d1,a,u,u1,gcd;
  int i,j;
  Z *q,*r;

  q = (Z *)MALLOC(n*sizeof(Z));
  r = (Z *)MALLOC(n*sizeof(Z));
  v.id = O_VECT; v.len = n; v.body = (pointer *)c;
  gcdvz_estimate(&v,&d0);
  for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
    divqrz(c[i],d0,&q[i],&r[i]);
  }
  for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) if ( r[i] ) break;
  if ( i < n ) {
    v.id = O_VECT; v.len = n; v.body = (pointer *)r;
    gcdvz(&v,&d1);
    gcdz(d0,d1,&gcd);
    /* exact division */
    divsz(d0,gcd,&a);
    for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
      mulz(a,q[i],&u);
      if ( r[i] ) {
        /* exact division */
        divsz(r[i],gcd,&u1);
        addz(u,u1,&q[i]);
      } else
        q[i] = u;
    }
  }
  for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) c[i] = q[i];
}

void gcdv_mpz_estimate(mpz_t d0,mpz_t *c,int n);

void mpz_removecont_array(mpz_t *c,int n)
{
  mpz_t d0,a,u,u1,gcd;
  int i,j;
  static mpz_t *q,*r;
  static int c_len = 0;

  for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) 
    if ( mpz_sgn(c[i]) ) break;
  if ( i == n ) return;
  gcdv_mpz_estimate(d0,c,n);
  if ( n > c_len ) {
    q = (mpz_t *)MALLOC(n*sizeof(mpz_t));
    r = (mpz_t *)MALLOC(n*sizeof(mpz_t));
    c_len = n;
  }
  for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
    mpz_init(q[i]); mpz_init(r[i]);
    mpz_fdiv_qr(q[i],r[i],c[i],d0);
  }
  for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) 
    if ( mpz_sgn(r[i]) ) break;
  mpz_init(gcd); mpz_init(a); mpz_init(u); mpz_init(u1);
  if ( i < n ) {
    mpz_gcd(gcd,d0,r[i]);
    for ( j = i+1; j < n; j++ ) mpz_gcd(gcd,gcd,r[j]);
    mpz_div(a,d0,gcd);
    for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
      mpz_mul(u,a,q[i]);
      if ( mpz_sgn(r[i]) ) {
        mpz_div(u1,r[i],gcd);
        mpz_add(q[i],u,u1);
      } else
        mpz_set(q[i],u);
    }
  }
  for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ )
    mpz_set(c[i],q[i]);
}

void nd_mul_c(int mod,ND p,int mul)
{
    NM m;
    int c,c1;

    if ( !p ) return;
    if ( mul == 1 ) return;
    if ( mod == -1 )
        for ( m = BDY(p); m; m = NEXT(m) )
            CM(m) = _mulsf(CM(m),mul);
    else
        for ( m = BDY(p); m; m = NEXT(m) ) {
            c1 = CM(m); DMAR(c1,mul,0,mod,c); CM(m) = c;
        }
}

void nd_mul_c_lf(ND p,Z mul)
{
    NM m;
    Z c;

    if ( !p ) return;
    if ( UNIZ(mul) ) return;
    for ( m = BDY(p); m; m = NEXT(m) ) {
        mullf(CZ(m),mul,&c); CZ(m) = c;
    }
}

void nd_mul_c_q(ND p,P mul)
{
    NM m;
    P c;

    if ( !p ) return;
    if ( UNIQ(mul) ) return;
    for ( m = BDY(p); m; m = NEXT(m) ) {
        mulp(nd_vc,CP(m),mul,&c); CP(m) = c;
    }
}

void nd_mul_c_p(VL vl,ND p,P mul)
{
    NM m;
    P c;

    if ( !p ) return;
    for ( m = BDY(p); m; m = NEXT(m) ) {
        mulp(vl,CP(m),mul,&c); CP(m) = c;
    }
}

void nd_free(ND p)
{
    NM t,s;

    if ( !p ) return;
    t = BDY(p);
    while ( t ) {
        s = NEXT(t);
        FREENM(t);
        t = s;
    }
    FREEND(p);
}

void ndv_free(NDV p)
{
    GCFREE(BDY(p));
}

void nd_append_red(UINT *d,int i)
{
    RHist m,m0;
    int h;

    NEWRHist(m);
    h = ndl_hash_value(d);
    m->index = i;
    ndl_copy(d,DL(m));
    NEXT(m) = nd_red[h];
    nd_red[h] = m;
}

UINT *ndv_compute_bound(NDV p)
{
    UINT *d1,*d2,*t;
    UINT u;
    int i,j,k,l,len,ind;
    NMV m;

    if ( !p )
        return 0;
    d1 = (UINT *)MALLOC(nd_wpd*sizeof(UINT));
    d2 = (UINT *)MALLOC(nd_wpd*sizeof(UINT));
    len = LEN(p);
    m = BDY(p); ndl_copy(DL(m),d1); NMV_ADV(m);
    for ( i = 1; i < len; i++, NMV_ADV(m) ) {
        ndl_max(DL(m),d1,d2);
        t = d1; d1 = d2; d2 = t;
    }
    l = nd_nvar+31;
    t = (UINT *)MALLOC_ATOMIC(l*sizeof(UINT));
    for ( i = nd_exporigin, ind = 0; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) {
        u = d1[i];
        k = (nd_epw-1)*nd_bpe;
        for ( j = 0; j < nd_epw; j++, k -= nd_bpe, ind++ )
            t[ind] = (u>>k)&nd_mask0;
    }
    for ( ; ind < l; ind++ ) t[ind] = 0;
    return t;
}

UINT *nd_compute_bound(ND p)
{
    UINT *d1,*d2,*t;
    UINT u;
    int i,j,k,l,len,ind;
    NM m;

    if ( !p )
        return 0;
    d1 = (UINT *)MALLOC(nd_wpd*sizeof(UINT));
    d2 = (UINT *)MALLOC(nd_wpd*sizeof(UINT));
    len = LEN(p);
    m = BDY(p); ndl_copy(DL(m),d1); m = NEXT(m);
    for ( m = NEXT(m); m; m = NEXT(m) ) {
        ndl_lcm(DL(m),d1,d2);
        t = d1; d1 = d2; d2 = t;
    }
    l = nd_nvar+31;
    t = (UINT *)MALLOC_ATOMIC(l*sizeof(UINT));
    for ( i = nd_exporigin, ind = 0; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) {
        u = d1[i];
        k = (nd_epw-1)*nd_bpe;
        for ( j = 0; j < nd_epw; j++, k -= nd_bpe, ind++ )
            t[ind] = (u>>k)&nd_mask0;
    }
    for ( ; ind < l; ind++ ) t[ind] = 0;
    return t;
}

/* if nd_module == 1 then d[nd_exporigin-1] indicates the position */
/* of a term. In this case we need additional 1 word. */

int nd_get_exporigin(struct order_spec *ord)
{
    switch ( ord->id ) {
        case 0: case 2: case 256: case 258: case 300:
            return 1+nd_module;
        case 1: case 257:
            /* block order */
            /* poly ring d[0]:weight d[1]:w0,...,d[nd_exporigin-1]:w(n-1) */
            /* module d[0]:weight d[1]:w0,...,d[nd_exporigin-2]:w(n-1) */
            return ord->ord.block.length+1+nd_module;
        case 3: case 259:
#if 0
            error("nd_get_exporigin : composite order is not supported yet.");
#else
            return 1+nd_module;
#endif
        default:
            error("nd_get_exporigin : ivalid argument.");
            return 0;
    }
}

void nd_setup_parameters(int nvar,int max) {
    int i,j,n,elen,ord_o,ord_l,l,s,wpd;
    struct order_pair *op;
    extern int CNVars;

    nd_nvar = nvar;
    CNVars = nvar;
    if ( max ) {
        /* XXX */
        if ( do_weyl ) nd_bpe = 32;
        else if ( max < 2 ) nd_bpe = 1;
        else if ( max < 4 ) nd_bpe = 2;
        else if ( max < 8 ) nd_bpe = 3;
        else if ( max < 16 ) nd_bpe = 4;
        else if ( max < 32 ) nd_bpe = 5;
        else if ( max < 64 ) nd_bpe = 6;
        else if ( max < 256 ) nd_bpe = 8;
        else if ( max < 1024 ) nd_bpe = 10;
        else if ( max < 65536 ) nd_bpe = 16;
        else nd_bpe = 32;
    }
    if ( !do_weyl && weight_check && (current_dl_weight_vector || nd_matrix) ) {
        UINT t;
    int st;
        int *v;
  /* t = max(weights) */
        t = 0;
        if ( current_dl_weight_vector )
            for ( i = 0, t = 0; i < nd_nvar; i++ ) {
                if ( (st=current_dl_weight_vector[i]) < 0 ) st = -st;
                if ( t < st ) t = st;
            }
        if ( nd_matrix )
            for ( i = 0; i < nd_matrix_len; i++ )
                for ( j = 0, v = nd_matrix[i]; j < nd_nvar; j++ ) {
                    if ( (st=v[j]) < 0 ) st = -st;
                    if ( t < st ) t = st;
        }
        /* i = bitsize of t */
        for ( i = 0; t; t >>=1, i++ );
        /* i += bitsize of nd_nvar */
        for ( t = nd_nvar; t; t >>=1, i++);
        /* nd_bpe+i = bitsize of max(weights)*max(exp)*nd_nvar */
        if ( (nd_bpe+i) >= 31 )
            error("nd_setup_parameters : too large weight");
    }
    nd_epw = (sizeof(UINT)*8)/nd_bpe;
    elen = nd_nvar/nd_epw+(nd_nvar%nd_epw?1:0);
    nd_exporigin = nd_get_exporigin(nd_ord);
    wpd = nd_exporigin+elen;
    if ( nd_module )
        nd_mpos = nd_exporigin-1;
    else
        nd_mpos = -1;
    if ( wpd != nd_wpd ) {
        nd_free_private_storage();
        nd_wpd = wpd;
    }
    if ( nd_bpe < 32 ) {
        nd_mask0 = (1<<nd_bpe)-1;
    } else {
        nd_mask0 = 0xffffffff;
    }
    bzero(nd_mask,sizeof(nd_mask));
    nd_mask1 = 0;
    for ( i = 0; i < nd_epw; i++ ) {
        nd_mask[nd_epw-i-1] = (nd_mask0<<(i*nd_bpe));
        nd_mask1 |= (1<<(nd_bpe-1))<<(i*nd_bpe);
    }
    nmv_adv = ROUND_FOR_ALIGN(sizeof(struct oNMV)+(nd_wpd-1)*sizeof(UINT));
    nd_epos = nd_create_epos(nd_ord);
    nd_blockmask = nd_create_blockmask(nd_ord);
    nd_work_vector = (int *)REALLOC(nd_work_vector,nd_nvar*sizeof(int));
}

ND_pairs nd_reconstruct(int trace,ND_pairs d)
{
    int i,obpe,oadv,h;
    static NM prev_nm_free_list;
    static ND_pairs prev_ndp_free_list;
    RHist mr0,mr;
    RHist r;
    RHist *old_red;
    ND_pairs s0,s,t;
    EPOS oepos;

    obpe = nd_bpe;
    oadv = nmv_adv;
    oepos = nd_epos;
    if ( obpe < 2 ) nd_bpe = 2;
    else if ( obpe < 3 ) nd_bpe = 3;
    else if ( obpe < 4 ) nd_bpe = 4;
    else if ( obpe < 5 ) nd_bpe = 5;
    else if ( obpe < 6 ) nd_bpe = 6;
    else if ( obpe < 8 ) nd_bpe = 8;
    else if ( obpe < 10 ) nd_bpe = 10;
    else if ( obpe < 16 ) nd_bpe = 16;
    else if ( obpe < 32 ) nd_bpe = 32;
    else error("nd_reconstruct : exponent too large");

    nd_setup_parameters(nd_nvar,0);
    prev_nm_free_list = _nm_free_list;
    prev_ndp_free_list = _ndp_free_list;
    _nm_free_list = 0;
    _ndp_free_list = 0;
    for ( i = nd_psn-1; i >= 0; i-- ) {
        ndv_realloc(nd_ps[i],obpe,oadv,oepos);
        ndv_realloc(nd_ps_sym[i],obpe,oadv,oepos);
    }
    if ( trace )
        for ( i = nd_psn-1; i >= 0; i-- ) {
            ndv_realloc(nd_ps_trace[i],obpe,oadv,oepos);
            ndv_realloc(nd_ps_trace_sym[i],obpe,oadv,oepos);
        }
    s0 = 0;
    for ( t = d; t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
        NEXTND_pairs(s0,s);
        s->i1 = t->i1;
        s->i2 = t->i2;
        s->sig = t->sig;
        SG(s) = SG(t);
        ndl_reconstruct(LCM(t),LCM(s),obpe,oepos);
    }
    
    old_red = (RHist *)MALLOC(REDTAB_LEN*sizeof(RHist));
    for ( i = 0; i < REDTAB_LEN; i++ ) {
        old_red[i] = nd_red[i];
        nd_red[i] = 0;
    }
    for ( i = 0; i < REDTAB_LEN; i++ )
        for ( r = old_red[i]; r; r = NEXT(r) ) {
            NEWRHist(mr);
            mr->index = r->index;
            SG(mr) = SG(r);
            ndl_reconstruct(DL(r),DL(mr),obpe,oepos);
            h = ndl_hash_value(DL(mr));
            NEXT(mr) = nd_red[h];
            nd_red[h] = mr;
            mr->sig = r->sig;
        }
    for ( i = 0; i < REDTAB_LEN; i++ ) old_red[i] = 0;
    old_red = 0;
    for ( i = 0; i < nd_psn; i++ ) {
        NEWRHist(r); SG(r) = SG(nd_psh[i]);
        ndl_reconstruct(DL(nd_psh[i]),DL(r),obpe,oepos);
        r->sig = nd_psh[i]->sig;
        nd_psh[i] = r;
    }
    if ( s0 ) NEXT(s) = 0;
    prev_nm_free_list = 0;
    prev_ndp_free_list = 0;
#if 0
    GC_gcollect();
#endif
    return s0;
}

void nd_reconstruct_s(int trace,ND_pairs *d)
{
    int i,obpe,oadv,h;
    static NM prev_nm_free_list;
    static ND_pairs prev_ndp_free_list;
    RHist mr0,mr;
    RHist r;
    RHist *old_red;
    ND_pairs s0,s,t;
    EPOS oepos;

    obpe = nd_bpe;
    oadv = nmv_adv;
    oepos = nd_epos;
    if ( obpe < 2 ) nd_bpe = 2;
    else if ( obpe < 3 ) nd_bpe = 3;
    else if ( obpe < 4 ) nd_bpe = 4;
    else if ( obpe < 5 ) nd_bpe = 5;
    else if ( obpe < 6 ) nd_bpe = 6;
    else if ( obpe < 8 ) nd_bpe = 8;
    else if ( obpe < 10 ) nd_bpe = 10;
    else if ( obpe < 16 ) nd_bpe = 16;
    else if ( obpe < 32 ) nd_bpe = 32;
    else error("nd_reconstruct_s : exponent too large");

    nd_setup_parameters(nd_nvar,0);
    prev_nm_free_list = _nm_free_list;
    prev_ndp_free_list = _ndp_free_list;
    _nm_free_list = 0;
    _ndp_free_list = 0;
    for ( i = nd_psn-1; i >= 0; i-- ) {
        ndv_realloc(nd_ps[i],obpe,oadv,oepos);
        ndv_realloc(nd_ps_sym[i],obpe,oadv,oepos);
    }
    if ( trace )
        for ( i = nd_psn-1; i >= 0; i-- ) {
            ndv_realloc(nd_ps_trace[i],obpe,oadv,oepos);
            ndv_realloc(nd_ps_trace_sym[i],obpe,oadv,oepos);
        }

    for ( i = 0; i < nd_nbase; i++ ) {
      s0 = 0;
      for ( t = d[i]; t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
          NEXTND_pairs(s0,s);
          s->i1 = t->i1;
          s->i2 = t->i2;
          s->sig = t->sig;
          SG(s) = SG(t);
          ndl_reconstruct(LCM(t),LCM(s),obpe,oepos);
      }
      if ( s0 ) NEXT(s) = 0;
      d[i] = s0;
    }
    
    old_red = (RHist *)MALLOC(REDTAB_LEN*sizeof(RHist));
    for ( i = 0; i < REDTAB_LEN; i++ ) {
        old_red[i] = nd_red[i];
        nd_red[i] = 0;
    }
    for ( i = 0; i < REDTAB_LEN; i++ )
        for ( r = old_red[i]; r; r = NEXT(r) ) {
            NEWRHist(mr);
            mr->index = r->index;
            SG(mr) = SG(r);
            ndl_reconstruct(DL(r),DL(mr),obpe,oepos);
            h = ndl_hash_value(DL(mr));
            NEXT(mr) = nd_red[h];
            nd_red[h] = mr;
            mr->sig = r->sig;
        }
    for ( i = 0; i < REDTAB_LEN; i++ ) old_red[i] = 0;
    old_red = 0;
    for ( i = 0; i < nd_psn; i++ ) {
        NEWRHist(r); SG(r) = SG(nd_psh[i]);
        ndl_reconstruct(DL(nd_psh[i]),DL(r),obpe,oepos);
        r->sig = nd_psh[i]->sig;
        nd_psh[i] = r;
    }
    if ( s0 ) NEXT(s) = 0;
    prev_nm_free_list = 0;
    prev_ndp_free_list = 0;
#if 0
    GC_gcollect();
#endif
}

void ndl_reconstruct(UINT *d,UINT *r,int obpe,EPOS oepos)
{
    int n,i,ei,oepw,omask0,j,s,ord_l,l;
    struct order_pair *op;

    n = nd_nvar;
    oepw = (sizeof(UINT)*8)/obpe;
    omask0 = (1<<obpe)-1;
    TD(r) = TD(d);
    for ( i = nd_exporigin; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) r[i] = 0;
    if ( nd_blockmask ) {
        l = nd_blockmask->n;
        op = nd_blockmask->order_pair;
        for ( i = 1; i < nd_exporigin; i++ )
            r[i] = d[i];
        for ( j = 0, s = 0; j < l; j++ ) {
            ord_l = op[j].length;
            for ( i = 0; i < ord_l; i++, s++ ) {
                ei =  GET_EXP_OLD(d,s);
                PUT_EXP(r,s,ei);
            }
        }
    } else {
        for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
            ei = GET_EXP_OLD(d,i);
            PUT_EXP(r,i,ei);
        }
    }
    if ( nd_module ) MPOS(r) = MPOS(d);
}

ND nd_copy(ND p)
{
    NM m,mr,mr0;
    int c,n;
    ND r;

    if ( !p )
        return 0;
    else {
        for ( mr0 = 0, m = BDY(p); m; m = NEXT(m) ) {
            NEXTNM(mr0,mr);
            CM(mr) = CM(m);
            ndl_copy(DL(m),DL(mr));
        }
        NEXT(mr) = 0; 
        MKND(NV(p),mr0,LEN(p),r);
        SG(r) = SG(p);
        return r;
    }
}

int nd_sp(int mod,int trace,ND_pairs p,ND *rp)
{
    NM m1,m2;
    NDV p1,p2;
    ND t1,t2;
    UINT *lcm;
    P gp,tp;
    Z g,t;
    Z iq;
    int td;
    LIST hist;
    NODE node;
    DP d;

    if ( !mod && nd_demand ) {
        p1 = ndv_load(p->i1); p2 = ndv_load(p->i2);
    } else {
        if ( trace ) {
            p1 = nd_ps_trace[p->i1]; p2 = nd_ps_trace[p->i2];
        } else {
            p1 = nd_ps[p->i1]; p2 = nd_ps[p->i2];
        }
    }
    lcm = LCM(p);
    NEWNM(m1); ndl_sub(lcm,HDL(p1),DL(m1));
    if ( ndl_check_bound2(p->i1,DL(m1)) ) {
        FREENM(m1); return 0;
    }
    NEWNM(m2); ndl_sub(lcm,HDL(p2),DL(m2));
    if ( ndl_check_bound2(p->i2,DL(m2)) ) {
        FREENM(m1); FREENM(m2); return 0;
    }

    if ( mod == -1 ) {
        CM(m1) = HCM(p2); CM(m2) = _chsgnsf(HCM(p1));
    } else if ( mod > 0 ) {
        CM(m1) = HCM(p2); CM(m2) = mod-HCM(p1); 
    } else if ( mod == -2 ) {
        CZ(m1) = HCZ(p2); chsgnlf(HCZ(p1),&CZ(m2));
    } else if ( nd_vc ) {
        ezgcdpz(nd_vc,HCP(p1),HCP(p2),&gp);
        divsp(nd_vc,HCP(p2),gp,&CP(m1));
        divsp(nd_vc,HCP(p1),gp,&tp); chsgnp(tp,&CP(m2));
    } else {
        igcd_cofactor(HCZ(p1),HCZ(p2),&g,&t,&CZ(m1)); chsgnz(t,&CZ(m2));
    }
    t1 = ndv_mul_nm(mod,m1,p1); t2 = ndv_mul_nm(mod,m2,p2);
    *rp = nd_add(mod,t1,t2);
    if ( nd_gentrace ) {
        /* nd_tracelist is initialized */
        STOZ(p->i1,iq); nmtodp(mod,m1,&d); node = mknode(4,ONE,iq,d,ONE);
        MKLIST(hist,node); MKNODE(nd_tracelist,hist,0);
        STOZ(p->i2,iq); nmtodp(mod,m2,&d); node = mknode(4,ONE,iq,d,ONE);
        MKLIST(hist,node); MKNODE(node,hist,nd_tracelist);
        nd_tracelist = node;
    }
    if ( *rp )
      (*rp)->sig = p->sig;
    FREENM(m1); FREENM(m2);
    return 1;
}

void ndv_mul_c(int mod,NDV p,int mul)
{
    NMV m;
    int c,c1,len,i;

    if ( !p ) return;
    len = LEN(p);
    if ( mod == -1 )
        for ( m = BDY(p), i = 0; i < len; i++, NMV_ADV(m) ) 
            CM(m) = _mulsf(CM(m),mul);
    else
        for ( m = BDY(p), i = 0; i < len; i++, NMV_ADV(m) ) {
            c1 = CM(m); DMAR(c1,mul,0,mod,c); CM(m) = c;
        }
}

void ndv_mul_c_lf(NDV p,Z mul)
{
    NMV m;
    Z c;
    int len,i;

    if ( !p ) return;
    len = LEN(p);
    for ( m = BDY(p), i = 0; i < len; i++, NMV_ADV(m) ) {
        mullf(CZ(m),mul,&c); CZ(m) = c;
    }
}

/* for nd_det */
void ndv_mul_c_q(NDV p,Z mul)
{
    NMV m;
    Z c;
    int len,i;

    if ( !p ) return;
    len = LEN(p);
    for ( m = BDY(p), i = 0; i < len; i++, NMV_ADV(m) ) {
        mulz(CZ(m),mul,&c); CZ(m) = c;
    }
}

ND weyl_ndv_mul_nm(int mod,NM m0,NDV p) {
    int n2,i,j,l,n,tlen;
    UINT *d0;
    NM *tab,*psum;
    ND s,r;
    NM t;
    NMV m1;

    if ( !p ) return 0;
    n = NV(p); n2 = n>>1;
    d0 = DL(m0);
    l = LEN(p);
    for ( i = 0, tlen = 1; i < n2; i++ ) tlen *= (GET_EXP(d0,n2+i)+1);
    tab = (NM *)MALLOC(tlen*sizeof(NM));
    psum = (NM *)MALLOC(tlen*sizeof(NM));
    for ( i = 0; i < tlen; i++ ) psum[i] = 0;
    m1 = (NMV)(((char *)BDY(p))+nmv_adv*(l-1));
    for ( i = l-1; i >= 0; i--, NMV_PREV(m1) ) {
        /* m0(NM) * m1(NMV) => tab(NM) */
        weyl_mul_nm_nmv(n,mod,m0,m1,tab,tlen);
        for ( j = 0; j < tlen; j++ ) {
            if ( tab[j] ) {
                NEXT(tab[j]) = psum[j];    psum[j] = tab[j];
            }
        }        
    }
    for ( i = tlen-1, r = 0; i >= 0; i-- )
        if ( psum[i] ) {
            for ( j = 0, t = psum[i]; t; t = NEXT(t), j++ );
            MKND(n,psum[i],j,s);
            r = nd_add(mod,r,s);
        }
    if ( r ) SG(r) = SG(p)+TD(d0);
    return r;
}

/* product of monomials */
/* XXX block order is not handled correctly */

void weyl_mul_nm_nmv(int n,int mod,NM m0,NMV m1,NM *tab,int tlen)
{
    int i,n2,j,s,curlen,homo,h,a,b,k,l,u,min;
    UINT *d0,*d1,*d,*dt,*ctab;
    Z *ctab_q;
    Z q,q1;
    UINT c0,c1,c;
    NM *p;
    NM m,t;
    int mpos;

    for ( i = 0; i < tlen; i++ ) tab[i] = 0;
    if ( !m0 || !m1 ) return;
    d0 = DL(m0); d1 = DL(m1); n2 = n>>1;
    if ( nd_module )
        if ( MPOS(d0) ) error("weyl_mul_nm_nmv : invalid operation");

    NEWNM(m); d = DL(m);
    if ( mod ) {
        c0 = CM(m0); c1 = CM(m1); DMAR(c0,c1,0,mod,c); CM(m) = c;
    } else if ( nd_vc )
        mulp(nd_vc,CP(m0),CP(m1),&CP(m));
  else
        mulz(CZ(m0),CZ(m1),&CZ(m));
    for ( i = 0; i < nd_wpd; i++ ) d[i] = 0;
    homo = n&1 ? 1 : 0;
    if ( homo ) {
        /* offset of h-degree */
        h = GET_EXP(d0,n-1)+GET_EXP(d1,n-1);
        PUT_EXP(DL(m),n-1,h);
        TD(DL(m)) = h;
        if ( nd_blockmask ) ndl_weight_mask(DL(m));
    }
    tab[0] = m;
    NEWNM(m); d = DL(m);
    for ( i = 0, curlen = 1; i < n2; i++ ) {
        a = GET_EXP(d0,i); b = GET_EXP(d1,n2+i);
        k = GET_EXP(d0,n2+i); l = GET_EXP(d1,i);
        /* xi^a*(Di^k*xi^l)*Di^b */
        a += l; b += k;
        s = MUL_WEIGHT(a,i)+MUL_WEIGHT(b,n2+i);
        if ( !k || !l ) {
            for ( j = 0; j < curlen; j++ )
                if ( (t = tab[j]) != 0 ) {
                    dt = DL(t);
                    PUT_EXP(dt,i,a); PUT_EXP(dt,n2+i,b); TD(dt) += s;
                    if ( nd_blockmask ) ndl_weight_mask(dt);
                }
            curlen *= k+1;
            continue;
        }
        min = MIN(k,l);
        if ( mod ) {
            ctab = (UINT *)MALLOC((min+1)*sizeof(UINT));
            mkwcm(k,l,mod,(int *)ctab);
        } else {
            ctab_q = (Z *)MALLOC((min+1)*sizeof(Z));
            mkwc(k,l,ctab_q);
        }
        for ( j = min; j >= 0; j-- ) {
            for ( u = 0; u < nd_wpd; u++ ) d[u] = 0;
            PUT_EXP(d,i,a-j); PUT_EXP(d,n2+i,b-j);
            h = MUL_WEIGHT(a-j,i)+MUL_WEIGHT(b-j,n2+i);
            if ( homo ) {
                TD(d) = s;
                PUT_EXP(d,n-1,s-h);
            } else TD(d) = h;
            if ( nd_blockmask ) ndl_weight_mask(d);
            if ( mod ) c = ctab[j];
            else q = ctab_q[j];
            p = tab+curlen*j;
            if ( j == 0 ) {
                for ( u = 0; u < curlen; u++, p++ ) {
                    if ( tab[u] ) {
                        ndl_addto(DL(tab[u]),d);
                        if ( mod ) {
                            c0 = CM(tab[u]); DMAR(c0,c,0,mod,c1); CM(tab[u]) = c1;
                        } else if ( nd_vc )
                            mulp(nd_vc,CP(tab[u]),(P)q,&CP(tab[u]));
            else {
                            mulz(CZ(tab[u]),q,&q1); CZ(tab[u]) = q1;
                        }
                    }
                }
            } else {
                for ( u = 0; u < curlen; u++, p++ ) {
                    if ( tab[u] ) {
                        NEWNM(t);
                        ndl_add(DL(tab[u]),d,DL(t));
                        if ( mod ) {
                            c0 = CM(tab[u]); DMAR(c0,c,0,mod,c1); CM(t) = c1;
                        } else if ( nd_vc )
                            mulp(nd_vc,CP(tab[u]),(P)q,&CP(t));
            else
                            mulz(CZ(tab[u]),q,&CZ(t));
                        *p = t;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        curlen *= k+1;
    }
    FREENM(m);
    if ( nd_module ) {
        mpos = MPOS(d1);
        for ( i = 0; i < tlen; i++ )
            if ( tab[i] ) {
                d = DL(tab[i]);
                MPOS(d) = mpos;
                TD(d) = ndl_weight(d);
            }
    }
}

ND ndv_mul_nm_symbolic(NM m0,NDV p)
{
    NM mr,mr0;
    NMV m;
    UINT *d,*dt,*dm;
    int c,n,td,i,c1,c2,len;
    Q q;
    ND r;

    if ( !p ) return 0;
    else {
        n = NV(p); m = BDY(p);
        d = DL(m0);
        len = LEN(p);
        mr0 = 0;
        td = TD(d);
        c = CM(m0);
        for ( i = 0; i < len; i++, NMV_ADV(m) ) {
            NEXTNM(mr0,mr);
            CM(mr) = 1;
            ndl_add(DL(m),d,DL(mr));
        }
        NEXT(mr) = 0; 
        MKND(NV(p),mr0,len,r);
        SG(r) = SG(p) + TD(d);
        return r;
    }
}

ND ndv_mul_nm(int mod,NM m0,NDV p)
{
    NM mr,mr0;
    NMV m;
    UINT *d,*dt,*dm;
    int c,n,td,i,c1,c2,len;
    P q;
    ND r;

    if ( !p ) return 0;
    else if ( do_weyl ) {
        if ( mod < 0 ) {
            error("ndv_mul_nm : not implemented (weyl)");
            return 0;
        } else
            return weyl_ndv_mul_nm(mod,m0,p);
    } else {
        n = NV(p); m = BDY(p);
        d = DL(m0);
        len = LEN(p);
        mr0 = 0;
        td = TD(d);
        if ( mod == -1 ) {
            c = CM(m0);
            for ( i = 0; i < len; i++, NMV_ADV(m) ) {
                NEXTNM(mr0,mr);
                CM(mr) = _mulsf(CM(m),c);
                ndl_add(DL(m),d,DL(mr));
            }
        } else if ( mod == -2 ) {
            Z cl;
            cl = CZ(m0);
            for ( i = 0; i < len; i++, NMV_ADV(m) ) {
                NEXTNM(mr0,mr);
                mullf(CZ(m),cl,&CZ(mr));
                ndl_add(DL(m),d,DL(mr));
            }
        } else if ( mod ) {
            c = CM(m0);
            for ( i = 0; i < len; i++, NMV_ADV(m) ) {
                NEXTNM(mr0,mr);
                c1 = CM(m);
                DMAR(c1,c,0,mod,c2);
                CM(mr) = c2;
                ndl_add(DL(m),d,DL(mr));
            }
        } else {
            q = CP(m0);
            for ( i = 0; i < len; i++, NMV_ADV(m) ) {
                NEXTNM(mr0,mr);
                mulp(nd_vc,CP(m),q,&CP(mr));
                ndl_add(DL(m),d,DL(mr));
            }
        }
        NEXT(mr) = 0; 
        MKND(NV(p),mr0,len,r);
        SG(r) = SG(p) + TD(d);
        return r;
    }
}

ND nd_quo(int mod,PGeoBucket bucket,NDV d)
{
    NM mq0,mq;
    NMV tm;
    Q q;
    int i,nv,sg,c,c1,c2,hindex;
    ND p,t,r;

    if ( bucket->m < 0 ) return 0;
    else {
        nv = NV(d);
        mq0 = 0;
        tm = (NMV)MALLOC(nmv_adv);
        while ( 1 ) {
            if ( mod > 0 || mod == -1 )
              hindex = head_pbucket(mod,bucket);
            else if ( mod == -2 )
              hindex = head_pbucket_lf(bucket);
            else
              hindex = head_pbucket_q(bucket);
            if ( hindex < 0 ) break;
            p = bucket->body[hindex];
            NEXTNM(mq0,mq);
            ndl_sub(HDL(p),HDL(d),DL(mq));
            ndl_copy(DL(mq),DL(tm));
            if ( mod ) {
                c1 = invm(HCM(d),mod); c2 = HCM(p);
                DMAR(c1,c2,0,mod,c); CM(mq) = c;
                CM(tm) = mod-c;
            } else {
                divsz(HCZ(p),HCZ(d),&CZ(mq));
                chsgnz(CZ(mq),&CZ(tm));
            }
            t = ndv_mul_nmv_trunc(mod,tm,d,HDL(d));
            bucket->body[hindex] = nd_remove_head(p);
            t = nd_remove_head(t);
            add_pbucket(mod,bucket,t);
        }
        if ( !mq0 )
            r = 0;
        else {
            NEXT(mq) = 0;
            for ( i = 0, mq = mq0; mq; mq = NEXT(mq), i++ );
            MKND(nv,mq0,i,r);
            /* XXX */
            SG(r) = HTD(r);
        }
        return r;
    }
}

void ndv_realloc(NDV p,int obpe,int oadv,EPOS oepos)
{
    NMV m,mr,mr0,t;
    int len,i,k;

    if ( !p ) return;
    m = BDY(p); len = LEN(p);
    mr0 = nmv_adv>oadv?(NMV)REALLOC(BDY(p),len*nmv_adv):BDY(p);
    m = (NMV)((char *)mr0+(len-1)*oadv);
    mr = (NMV)((char *)mr0+(len-1)*nmv_adv);
    t = (NMV)MALLOC(nmv_adv);
    for ( i = 0; i < len; i++, NMV_OPREV(m), NMV_PREV(mr) ) {
        CZ(t) = CZ(m);
        for ( k = 0; k < nd_wpd; k++ ) DL(t)[k] = 0;
        ndl_reconstruct(DL(m),DL(t),obpe,oepos);
        CZ(mr) = CZ(t);
        ndl_copy(DL(t),DL(mr));
    }
    BDY(p) = mr0;
}

NDV ndv_dup_realloc(NDV p,int obpe,int oadv,EPOS oepos)
{
    NMV m,mr,mr0;
    int len,i;
    NDV r;

    if ( !p ) return 0;
    m = BDY(p); len = LEN(p);
    mr0 = mr = (NMV)MALLOC(len*nmv_adv);
    for ( i = 0; i < len; i++, NMV_OADV(m), NMV_ADV(mr) ) {
        ndl_zero(DL(mr));
        ndl_reconstruct(DL(m),DL(mr),obpe,oepos);
        CZ(mr) = CZ(m);
    }
    MKNDV(NV(p),mr0,len,r);
    SG(r) = SG(p);
    r->sig = p->sig;
    return r;
}

/* duplicate p */

NDV ndv_dup(int mod,NDV p)
{
    NDV d;
    NMV t,m,m0;
    int i,len;

    if ( !p ) return 0;
    len = LEN(p);
    m0 = m = (NMV)((mod>0 || mod==-1)?MALLOC_ATOMIC(len*nmv_adv):MALLOC(len*nmv_adv));
    for ( t = BDY(p), i = 0; i < len; i++, NMV_ADV(t), NMV_ADV(m) ) {
        ndl_copy(DL(t),DL(m));
        CZ(m) = CZ(t);
    }
    MKNDV(NV(p),m0,len,d);
    SG(d) = SG(p);
    return d;
}

NDV ndv_symbolic(int mod,NDV p)
{
    NDV d;
    NMV t,m,m0;
    int i,len;

    if ( !p ) return 0;
    len = LEN(p);
    m0 = m = (NMV)((mod>0||mod==-1)?MALLOC_ATOMIC(len*nmv_adv):MALLOC(len*nmv_adv));
    for ( t = BDY(p), i = 0; i < len; i++, NMV_ADV(t), NMV_ADV(m) ) {
        ndl_copy(DL(t),DL(m));
        CZ(m) = ONE;
    }
    MKNDV(NV(p),m0,len,d);
    SG(d) = SG(p);
    return d;
}

ND nd_dup(ND p)
{
    ND d;
    NM t,m,m0;

    if ( !p ) return 0;
    for ( m0 = 0, t = BDY(p); t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
        NEXTNM(m0,m);
        ndl_copy(DL(t),DL(m));
        CZ(m) = CZ(t);
    }
    if ( m0 ) NEXT(m) = 0;
    MKND(NV(p),m0,LEN(p),d);
    SG(d) = SG(p);
    return d;
}

/* XXX if p->len == 0 then it represents 0 */

void ndv_mod(int mod,NDV p)
{
    NMV t,d;
    int r,s,u;
    int i,len,dlen;
    P cp;
    Z c;
    Obj gfs;

    if ( !p ) return;
    len = LEN(p);
    dlen = 0;
    if ( mod == -1 )
        for ( t = d = BDY(p), i = 0; i < len; i++, NMV_ADV(t) ) {
            simp_ff((Obj)CP(t),&gfs);
            if ( gfs ) {
              r = FTOIF(CONT((GFS)gfs));
              CM(d) = r;
              ndl_copy(DL(t),DL(d));
              NMV_ADV(d);
              dlen++;    
            }
        }
    else if ( mod == -2 )
        for ( t = d = BDY(p), i = 0; i < len; i++, NMV_ADV(t) ) {
            simp_ff((Obj)CP(t),&gfs); 
            if ( gfs ) {
              lmtolf((LM)gfs,&CZ(d));
              ndl_copy(DL(t),DL(d));
              NMV_ADV(d);
              dlen++;
            }
        }
    else
        for ( t = d = BDY(p), i = 0; i < len; i++, NMV_ADV(t) ) {
            if ( nd_vc ) {
                nd_subst_vector(nd_vc,CP(t),nd_subst,&cp);
                c = (Z)cp;
            } else
                c = CZ(t);
            r = remqi((Q)c,mod);
            if ( r ) {
                CM(d) = r;
                ndl_copy(DL(t),DL(d));
                NMV_ADV(d);
                dlen++;    
            }
        }
    LEN(p) = dlen;
}

NDV ptondv(VL vl,VL dvl,P p)
{
    ND nd;

    nd = ptond(vl,dvl,p);
    return ndtondv(0,nd);
}

void pltozpl(LIST l,Q *cont,LIST *pp)
{
  NODE nd,nd1;
  int n;
  P *pl;
  Q *cl;
  int i;
  P dmy;
  Z dvr,inv;
  LIST r;

  nd = BDY(l); n = length(nd);
  pl = (P *)MALLOC(n*sizeof(P));
  cl = (Q *)MALLOC(n*sizeof(Q));
  for ( i = 0; i < n; i++, nd = NEXT(nd) ) {
    ptozp((P)BDY(nd),1,&cl[i],&dmy);
  }
  qltozl(cl,n,&dvr);
  divz(ONE,dvr,&inv);
  nd = BDY(l);
  for ( i = 0; i < n; i++, nd = NEXT(nd) )
    divsp(CO,(P)BDY(nd),(P)dvr,&pl[i]);
  nd = 0;
  for ( i = n-1; i >= 0; i-- ) {
    MKNODE(nd1,pl[i],nd); nd = nd1;
  }
  MKLIST(r,nd);
  *pp = r;
}

/* (a1,a2,...,an) -> a1*e(1)+...+an*e(n) */

NDV pltondv(VL vl,VL dvl,LIST p)
{
    int i;
    NODE t;
    ND r,ri;
    NM m;

    if ( !nd_module ) error("pltond : module order must be set");
    r = 0;
    for ( i = 1, t = BDY(p); t; t = NEXT(t), i++ ) {
        ri = ptond(vl,dvl,(P)BDY(t));
        if ( ri ) 
            for ( m = BDY(ri); m; m = NEXT(m) ) {
                MPOS(DL(m)) = i;
                TD(DL(m)) = ndl_weight(DL(m));
                if ( nd_blockmask ) ndl_weight_mask(DL(m));
            }
        r = nd_add(0,r,ri);
    }
    return ndtondv(0,r);
}

ND ptond(VL vl,VL dvl,P p)
{
    int n,i,j,k,e;
    VL tvl;
    V v;
    DCP dc;
    DCP *w;
    ND r,s,t,u;
    P x;
    int c;
    UINT *d;
    NM m,m0;

    if ( !p )
        return 0;
    else if ( NUM(p) ) {
        NEWNM(m);
        ndl_zero(DL(m));
        if ( !INT((Q)p) )
          error("ptond : input must be integer-coefficient");
        CZ(m) = (Z)p;
        NEXT(m) = 0;
        MKND(nd_nvar,m,1,r);
        SG(r) = 0;
        return r;
    } else {
        for ( dc = DC(p), k = 0; dc; dc = NEXT(dc), k++ );
        w = (DCP *)MALLOC(k*sizeof(DCP));
        for ( dc = DC(p), j = 0; j < k; dc = NEXT(dc), j++ ) w[j] = dc;
        for ( i = 0, tvl = dvl, v = VR(p);
            tvl && tvl->v != v; tvl = NEXT(tvl), i++ );
        if ( !tvl ) {
            for ( j = k-1, s = 0, MKV(v,x); j >= 0; j-- ) {
                t = ptond(vl,dvl,COEF(w[j]));
                pwrp(vl,x,DEG(w[j]),&p);
                nd_mul_c_p(CO,t,p); s = nd_add(0,s,t);
            }
            return s;
        } else {
            NEWNM(m0); d = DL(m0);
            for ( j = k-1, s = 0; j >= 0; j-- ) {
                ndl_zero(d); e = ZTOS(DEG(w[j])); PUT_EXP(d,i,e);
                TD(d) = MUL_WEIGHT(e,i);
                if ( nd_blockmask) ndl_weight_mask(d);
                if ( nd_module ) MPOS(d) = 0;
                t = ptond(vl,dvl,COEF(w[j]));
                for ( m = BDY(t); m; m = NEXT(m) )
                    ndl_addto(DL(m),d);
                SG(t) += TD(d);
                s = nd_add(0,s,t);
            }
            FREENM(m0);
            return s;
        }
    }
}

P ndvtop(int mod,VL vl,VL dvl,NDV p)
{
    VL tvl;
    int len,n,j,i,e;
    NMV m;
    Z q;
    P c;
    UINT *d;
    P s,r,u,t,w;
    GFS gfs;

    if ( !p ) return 0;
    else {
        len = LEN(p);
        n = NV(p);
        m = (NMV)(((char *)BDY(p))+nmv_adv*(len-1));
        for ( j = len-1, s = 0; j >= 0; j--, NMV_PREV(m) ) {
            if ( mod == -1 ) {
               e = IFTOF(CM(m)); MKGFS(e,gfs); c = (P)gfs;
            } else if ( mod == -2 ) {
               c = (P)CZ(m);
            } else if ( mod > 0 ) {
                STOZ(CM(m),q); c = (P)q;
            } else
                c = CP(m);
            d = DL(m);
            for ( i = 0, t = c, tvl = dvl; i < n; tvl = NEXT(tvl), i++ ) {
                MKV(tvl->v,r); e = GET_EXP(d,i); STOZ(e,q);
                pwrp(vl,r,q,&u); mulp(vl,t,u,&w); t = w;
            }
            addp(vl,s,t,&u); s = u;
        }
        return s;
    }
}

LIST ndvtopl(int mod,VL vl,VL dvl,NDV p,int rank)
{
    VL tvl;
    int len,n,j,i,e;
    NMV m;
    Z q;
    P c;
    UINT *d;
    P s,r,u,t,w;
    GFS gfs;
    P *a;
    LIST l;
    NODE nd,nd1;

    if ( !p ) return 0;
    else {
        a = (P *)MALLOC((rank+1)*sizeof(P));
        for ( i = 0; i <= rank; i++ ) a[i] = 0;
        len = LEN(p);
        n = NV(p);
        m = (NMV)(((char *)BDY(p))+nmv_adv*(len-1));
        for ( j = len-1; j >= 0; j--, NMV_PREV(m) ) {
            if ( mod == -1 ) {
                e = IFTOF(CM(m)); MKGFS(e,gfs); c = (P)gfs;
            } else if ( mod ) {
                STOZ(CM(m),q); c = (P)q;
            } else
                c = CP(m);
            d = DL(m);
            for ( i = 0, t = c, tvl = dvl; i < n; tvl = NEXT(tvl), i++ ) {
                MKV(tvl->v,r); e = GET_EXP(d,i); STOZ(e,q);
                pwrp(vl,r,q,&u); mulp(vl,t,u,&w); t = w;
            }
            addp(vl,a[MPOS(d)],t,&u); a[MPOS(d)] = u;
        }
        nd = 0;
        for ( i = rank; i > 0; i-- ) {
            MKNODE(nd1,a[i],nd); nd = nd1;
        }
        MKLIST(l,nd);
        return l;
    }
}

NDV ndtondv(int mod,ND p)
{
    NDV d;
    NMV m,m0;
    NM t;
    int i,len;

    if ( !p ) return 0;
    len = LEN(p);
    if ( mod > 0 || mod == -1 )
        m0 = m = (NMV)MALLOC_ATOMIC_IGNORE_OFF_PAGE(len*nmv_adv);
    else
        m0 = m = MALLOC(len*nmv_adv);
#if 0
    ndv_alloc += nmv_adv*len;
#endif
    for ( t = BDY(p), i = 0; t; t = NEXT(t), i++, NMV_ADV(m) ) {
        ndl_copy(DL(t),DL(m));
        CZ(m) = CZ(t);
    }
    MKNDV(NV(p),m0,len,d);
    SG(d) = SG(p);
    d->sig = p->sig;
    return d;
}

static int dmm_comp_nv;

int dmm_comp(DMM *a,DMM *b)
{
   return -compdmm(dmm_comp_nv,*a,*b);
}

void dmm_sort_by_ord(DMM *a,int len,int nv)
{
  dmm_comp_nv = nv;
  qsort(a,len,sizeof(DMM),(int (*)(const void *,const void *))dmm_comp);
}

void dpm_sort(DPM p,DPM *rp)
{
  DMM t,t1;
  int len,i,n;
  DMM *a;
  DPM d;
 
  if ( !p ) *rp = 0;
  for ( t = BDY(p), len = 0; t; t = NEXT(t), len++ );
  a = (DMM *)MALLOC(len*sizeof(DMM));
  for ( i = 0, t = BDY(p); i < len; i++, t = NEXT(t) ) a[i] = t;
  n = p->nv;
  dmm_sort_by_ord(a,len,n);  
  t = 0;
  for ( i = len-1; i >= 0; i-- ) {
    NEWDMM(t1); 
    t1->c = a[i]->c;
    t1->dl = a[i]->dl;
    t1->pos = a[i]->pos;
    t1->next = t;
    t = t1;
  }
  MKDPM(n,t,d);
  SG(d) = SG(p);
  *rp = d;
}

int dpm_comp(DPM *a,DPM *b)
{
  return -compdpm(CO,*a,*b);
}

NODE dpm_sort_list(NODE l)
{
  int i,len;
  NODE t,t1;
  DPM *a;
  
  len = length(l);
  a = (DPM *)MALLOC(len*sizeof(DPM));
  for ( t = l, i = 0; i < len; i++, t = NEXT(t) ) a[i] = (DPM)BDY(t);
  qsort(a,len,sizeof(DPM),(int (*)(const void *,const void *))dpm_comp);
  t = 0;
  for ( i = len-1; i >= 0; i-- ) {
    MKNODE(t1,(pointer)a[i],t); t = t1;
  }
  return t;
}

int nmv_comp(NMV a,NMV b)
{
  int t;
  t = DL_COMPARE(a->dl,b->dl);
  return -t;
}

NDV dptondv(int mod,DP p)
{
  NDV d;
  NMV m,m0;
  MP t;
  MP *a;
  int i,len,n;

  if ( !p ) return 0;
  for ( t = BDY(p), len = 0; t; t = NEXT(t), len++ );
  n = p->nv;
  if ( mod > 0 || mod == -1 )
    m0 = m = (NMV)MALLOC_ATOMIC_IGNORE_OFF_PAGE(len*nmv_adv);
  else
    m0 = m = MALLOC(len*nmv_adv);
  for ( i = 0, t = BDY(p); i < len; i++, NMV_ADV(m), t = NEXT(t) ) {
    dltondl(n,t->dl,DL(m));
    TD(DL(m)) = ndl_weight(DL(m));
    CZ(m) = (Z)t->c;
  }
  qsort(m0,len,nmv_adv,(int (*)(const void *,const void *))nmv_comp);
  MKNDV(NV(p),m0,len,d);
  SG(d) = SG(p);
  return d;
}

NDV dpmtondv(int mod,DPM p)
{
  NDV d;
  NMV m,m0;
  DMM t;
  DMM *a;
  int i,len,n;

  if ( !p ) return 0;
  for ( t = BDY(p), len = 0; t; t = NEXT(t), len++ );
  a = (DMM *)MALLOC(len*sizeof(DMM));
  for ( i = 0, t = BDY(p); i < len; i++, t = NEXT(t) ) a[i] = t;
  n = p->nv;
  dmm_sort_by_ord(a,len,n);  
  if ( mod > 0 || mod == -1 )
    m0 = m = (NMV)MALLOC_ATOMIC_IGNORE_OFF_PAGE(len*nmv_adv);
  else
    m0 = m = MALLOC(len*nmv_adv);
#if 0
  ndv_alloc += nmv_adv*len;
#endif
  for ( i = 0; i < len; i++, NMV_ADV(m) ) {
    dltondl(n,a[i]->dl,DL(m));
    MPOS(DL(m)) = a[i]->pos;
    TD(DL(m)) = ndl_weight(DL(m));
    CZ(m) = (Z)a[i]->c;
  }
  qsort(m0,len,nmv_adv,(int (*)(const void *,const void *))nmv_comp);
  MKNDV(NV(p),m0,len,d);
  SG(d) = SG(p);
  return d;
}

ND ndvtond(int mod,NDV p)
{
    ND d;
    NM m,m0;
    NMV t;
    int i,len;

    if ( !p ) return 0;
    m0 = 0;
    len = p->len;
    for ( t = BDY(p), i = 0; i < len; NMV_ADV(t), i++ ) {
        NEXTNM(m0,m);
        ndl_copy(DL(t),DL(m));
        CZ(m) = CZ(t);
    }
    NEXT(m) = 0;
    MKND(NV(p),m0,len,d);
    SG(d) = SG(p);
    d->sig = p->sig;
    return d;
}

DP ndvtodp(int mod,NDV p)
{
    MP m,m0;
  DP d;
    NMV t;
    int i,len;

    if ( !p ) return 0;
    m0 = 0;
    len = p->len;
    for ( t = BDY(p), i = 0; i < len; NMV_ADV(t), i++ ) {
        NEXTMP(m0,m);
      m->dl = ndltodl(nd_nvar,DL(t));
      m->c = (Obj)ndctop(mod,t->c);
    }
    NEXT(m) = 0;
  MKDP(nd_nvar,m0,d);
    SG(d) = SG(p);
    return d;
}

DPM sigtodpm(SIG s)
{
  DMM m;
  DPM d;

  NEWDMM(m); 
  m->c = (Obj)ONE;
  m->dl = s->dl;
  m->pos = s->pos+1;
  m->next = 0;
  MKDPM(nd_nvar,m,d);
  SG(d) = s->dl->td;
  return d;
}

DPM ndvtodpm(int mod,NDV p)
{
  DMM m,m0;
  DPM d;
  NMV t;
  int i,len;

  if ( !p ) return 0;
  m0 = 0;
  len = p->len;
  for ( t = BDY(p), i = 0; i < len; NMV_ADV(t), i++ ) {
    NEXTDMM(m0,m);
    m->dl = ndltodl(nd_nvar,DL(t));
    m->c = (Obj)ndctop(mod,t->c);
    m->pos = MPOS(DL(t));
  }
  NEXT(m) = 0;
  MKDPM(nd_nvar,m0,d);
  SG(d) = SG(p);
  return d;
}


DP ndtodp(int mod,ND p)
{
    MP m,m0;
  DP d;
    NM t;
    int i,len;

    if ( !p ) return 0;
    m0 = 0;
    len = p->len;
    for ( t = BDY(p); t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
        NEXTMP(m0,m);
      m->dl = ndltodl(nd_nvar,DL(t));
      m->c = (Obj)ndctop(mod,t->c);
    }
    NEXT(m) = 0;
  MKDP(nd_nvar,m0,d);
    SG(d) = SG(p);
    return d;
}

void ndv_print(NDV p)
{
    NMV m;
    int i,len;
    
    if ( !p ) printf("0\n");
    else {
        len = LEN(p);
        for ( m = BDY(p), i = 0; i < len; i++, NMV_ADV(m) ) {
            if ( CM(m) & 0x80000000 ) printf("+@_%d*",IFTOF(CM(m)));
            else printf("+%ld*",CM(m));
            ndl_print(DL(m));
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
}

void ndv_print_q(NDV p)
{
    NMV m;
    int i,len;
    
    if ( !p ) printf("0\n");
    else {
        len = LEN(p);
        for ( m = BDY(p), i = 0; i < len; i++, NMV_ADV(m) ) {
            printf("+");
            printexpr(CO,(Obj)CZ(m));
            printf("*");
            ndl_print(DL(m));
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
}

NODE ndv_reducebase(NODE x,int *perm)
{
    int len,i,j;
    NDVI w;
    NODE t,t0;

    if ( nd_norb ) return x;
    len = length(x);
    w = (NDVI)MALLOC(len*sizeof(struct oNDVI));
    for ( i = 0, t = x; i < len; i++, t = NEXT(t) ) {
        w[i].p = BDY(t); w[i].i = perm[i];
    }
    for ( i = 0; i < len; i++ ) {
        for ( j = 0; j < i; j++ ) {
            if ( w[i].p && w[j].p ) {
                if ( ndl_reducible(HDL(w[i].p),HDL(w[j].p)) ) w[i].p = 0;
                else if ( ndl_reducible(HDL(w[j].p),HDL(w[i].p)) ) w[j].p = 0;
            }
        }
    }
    for ( i = j = 0, t0 = 0; i < len; i++ ) {
        if ( w[i].p ) { 
            NEXTNODE(t0,t); BDY(t) = (pointer)w[i].p; 
            perm[j++] = w[i].i;
        }
    }
    NEXT(t) = 0; x = t0;
    return x;
}

/* XXX incomplete */

extern DMMstack dmm_stack;
int ndl_module_schreyer_compare(UINT *a,UINT *b);

void nd_init_ord(struct order_spec *ord)
{
  nd_module = (ord->id >= 256);
  if ( nd_module ) {
    nd_dcomp = -1;
    nd_module_ordtype = ord->module_ordtype;
    nd_pot_nelim = ord->pot_nelim;
    nd_poly_weight_len = ord->nv;
    nd_poly_weight = ord->top_weight;
    nd_module_rank = ord->module_rank;
    nd_module_weight = ord->module_top_weight;
  }
  nd_matrix = 0;
  nd_matrix_len = 0;
    switch ( ord->id ) {
        case 0:
            switch ( ord->ord.simple ) {
                case 0:
                    nd_dcomp = 1;
                    nd_isrlex = 1;
                    break;
                case 1:
                    nd_dcomp = 1;
                    nd_isrlex = 0;
                    break;
                case 2:
                    nd_dcomp = 0;
                    nd_isrlex = 0;
                    ndl_compare_function = ndl_lex_compare;
                    break;
                case 11:
                    /* XXX */
                    nd_dcomp = 0;
                    nd_isrlex = 1;
                    ndl_compare_function = ndl_ww_lex_compare;
                    break;
                default:
                    error("nd_gr : unsupported order");
            }
            break;
        case 1:
            /* block order */
            /* XXX */
            nd_dcomp = -1;
            nd_isrlex = 0;
            ndl_compare_function = ndl_block_compare;
            break;
        case 2:
            /* matrix order */
            /* XXX */
            nd_dcomp = -1;
            nd_isrlex = 0;
            nd_matrix_len = ord->ord.matrix.row;
            nd_matrix = ord->ord.matrix.matrix;
            ndl_compare_function = ndl_matrix_compare;
            break;
        case 3:
            /* composite order */
            nd_dcomp = -1;
            nd_isrlex = 0;
            nd_worb_len = ord->ord.composite.length;
            nd_worb = ord->ord.composite.w_or_b;
            ndl_compare_function = ndl_composite_compare;
            break;

        /* module order */
        case 256:
            switch ( ord->ord.simple ) {
                case 0:
                    nd_dcomp = 0;
                    nd_isrlex = 1;
                    ndl_compare_function = ndl_module_glex_compare;
                    break;
                case 1:
                    nd_dcomp = 0;
                    nd_isrlex = 0;
                    ndl_compare_function = ndl_module_glex_compare;
                    break;
                case 2:
                    nd_dcomp = 0;
                    nd_isrlex = 0;
                    ndl_compare_function = ndl_module_compare;
                    ndl_base_compare_function = ndl_lex_compare;
                    break;
                default:
                    error("nd_init_ord : unsupported order");
            }
            break;
        case 257:
            /* block order */
            nd_isrlex = 0;
            ndl_compare_function = ndl_module_compare;
            ndl_base_compare_function = ndl_block_compare;
            break;
        case 258:
            /* matrix order */
            nd_isrlex = 0;
            nd_matrix_len = ord->ord.matrix.row;
            nd_matrix = ord->ord.matrix.matrix;
            ndl_compare_function = ndl_module_compare;
            ndl_base_compare_function = ndl_matrix_compare;
            break;
        case 259:
            /* composite order */
            nd_isrlex = 0;
            nd_worb_len = ord->ord.composite.length;
            nd_worb = ord->ord.composite.w_or_b;
            ndl_compare_function = ndl_module_compare;
            ndl_base_compare_function = ndl_composite_compare;
            break;
        case 300:
            /* schreyer order */
            if ( ord->base->id != 256 )
               error("nd_init_ord : unsupported base order");
            ndl_compare_function = ndl_module_schreyer_compare;
            dmm_stack = ord->dmmstack;
            switch ( ord->base->ord.simple ) {
                case 0:
                    nd_isrlex = 1;
                    ndl_base_compare_function = ndl_glex_compare;
                    dl_base_compare_function = cmpdl_revgradlex;
                    break;
                case 1:
                    nd_isrlex = 0;
                    ndl_base_compare_function = ndl_glex_compare;
                    dl_base_compare_function = cmpdl_gradlex;
                    break;
                case 2:
                    nd_isrlex = 0;
                    ndl_base_compare_function = ndl_lex_compare;
                    dl_base_compare_function = cmpdl_lex;
                    break;
                default:
                    error("nd_init_ord : unsupported order");
            }
            break;
    }
    nd_ord = ord;
}

BlockMask nd_create_blockmask(struct order_spec *ord)
{
    int n,i,j,s,l;
    UINT *t;
    BlockMask bm;

    /* we only create mask table for block order */
    if ( ord->id != 1 && ord->id != 257 )
        return 0;
    n = ord->ord.block.length;
    bm = (BlockMask)MALLOC(sizeof(struct oBlockMask));
    bm->n = n;
    bm->order_pair = ord->ord.block.order_pair;
    bm->mask = (UINT **)MALLOC(n*sizeof(UINT *));
    for ( i = 0, s = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
        bm->mask[i] = t = (UINT *)MALLOC_ATOMIC(nd_wpd*sizeof(UINT));
        for ( j = 0; j < nd_wpd; j++ ) t[j] = 0;
        l = bm->order_pair[i].length;
        for ( j = 0; j < l; j++, s++ ) PUT_EXP(t,s,nd_mask0);        
    }
    return bm;
}

EPOS nd_create_epos(struct order_spec *ord)
{
    int i,j,l,s,ord_l,ord_o;
    EPOS epos;
    struct order_pair *op;

    epos = (EPOS)MALLOC_ATOMIC(nd_nvar*sizeof(struct oEPOS));
    switch ( ord->id ) {
        case 0: case 256: case 300:
            if ( nd_isrlex ) {
                for ( i = 0; i < nd_nvar; i++ ) {
                    epos[i].i = nd_exporigin + (nd_nvar-1-i)/nd_epw;
                    epos[i].s = (nd_epw-((nd_nvar-1-i)%nd_epw)-1)*nd_bpe;
                }
            } else {
                for ( i = 0; i < nd_nvar; i++ ) {
                    epos[i].i = nd_exporigin + i/nd_epw;
                    epos[i].s = (nd_epw-(i%nd_epw)-1)*nd_bpe;
                }
            }
            break;
        case 1: case 257:
            /* block order */
            l = ord->ord.block.length;
            op = ord->ord.block.order_pair;
            for ( j = 0, s = 0; j < l; j++ ) {
                ord_o = op[j].order;
                ord_l = op[j].length;
                if ( !ord_o )
                    for ( i = 0; i < ord_l; i++ ) {
                        epos[s+i].i = nd_exporigin + (s+ord_l-i-1)/nd_epw;
                        epos[s+i].s = (nd_epw-((s+ord_l-i-1)%nd_epw)-1)*nd_bpe;
                    }
                else
                    for ( i = 0; i < ord_l; i++ ) {
                        epos[s+i].i = nd_exporigin + (s+i)/nd_epw;
                        epos[s+i].s = (nd_epw-((s+i)%nd_epw)-1)*nd_bpe;
                    }
                s += ord_l;
            }
            break;
        case 2:
            /* matrix order */
        case 3:
            /* composite order */
        default:
            for ( i = 0; i < nd_nvar; i++ ) {
                epos[i].i = nd_exporigin + i/nd_epw;
                epos[i].s = (nd_epw-(i%nd_epw)-1)*nd_bpe;
            }
            break;
    }
    return epos;
}

/* external interface */

void nd_nf_p(Obj f,LIST g,LIST v,int m,struct order_spec *ord,Obj *rp)
{
    NODE t,in0,in;
    ND ndf,nf;
    NDV ndvf;
    VL vv,tv;
    int stat,nvar,max,mrank;
    union oNDC dn;
    Q cont;
    P pp;
    LIST ppl;

    if ( !f ) {
        *rp = 0;
        return;
    }
    pltovl(v,&vv);
    for ( nvar = 0, tv = vv; tv; tv = NEXT(tv), nvar++ );

    /* max=65536 implies nd_bpe=32 */
    max = 65536; 

  nd_module = 0;
  /* nd_module will be set if ord is a module ordering */
    nd_init_ord(ord);
    nd_setup_parameters(nvar,max);
    if ( nd_module && OID(f) != O_LIST )
        error("nd_nf_p : the first argument must be a list");
  if ( nd_module ) mrank = length(BDY((LIST)f));
    /* conversion to ndv */
    for ( in0 = 0, t = BDY(g); t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
        NEXTNODE(in0,in);
        if ( nd_module ) {
          if ( !BDY(t) || OID(BDY(t)) != O_LIST 
               || length(BDY((LIST)BDY(t))) != mrank )
              error("nd_nf_p : inconsistent basis element");
          if ( !m ) pltozpl((LIST)BDY(t),&cont,&ppl);
          else ppl = (LIST)BDY(t);
          BDY(in) = (pointer)pltondv(CO,vv,ppl);
        } else {
          if ( !m ) ptozp((P)BDY(t),1,&cont,&pp);
          else pp = (P)BDY(t);
          BDY(in) = (pointer)ptondv(CO,vv,pp);
        }
        if ( m ) ndv_mod(m,(NDV)BDY(in));
    }
    if ( in0 ) NEXT(in) = 0;

    if ( nd_module ) ndvf = pltondv(CO,vv,(LIST)f);
    else ndvf = ptondv(CO,vv,(P)f);
    if ( m ) ndv_mod(m,ndvf);
    ndf = (pointer)ndvtond(m,ndvf);

    /* dont sort, dont removecont */
    ndv_setup(m,0,in0,1,1,0);
    nd_scale=2;
    stat = nd_nf(m,0,ndf,nd_ps,1,&nf);
    if ( !stat )
        error("nd_nf_p : exponent too large");
    if ( nd_module ) *rp = (Obj)ndvtopl(m,CO,vv,ndtondv(m,nf),mrank);
    else *rp = (Obj)ndvtop(m,CO,vv,ndtondv(m,nf));
}

int nd_to_vect(int mod,UINT *s0,int n,ND d,UINT *r)
{
    NM m;
    UINT *t,*s;
    int i;

    for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) r[i] = 0;
    for ( i = 0, s = s0, m = BDY(d); m; m = NEXT(m) ) {
        t = DL(m);
        for ( ; !ndl_equal(t,s); s += nd_wpd, i++ );
        r[i] = CM(m);
    }
    for ( i = 0; !r[i]; i++ );
    return i;
}

int nd_to_vect_q(UINT *s0,int n,ND d,Z *r)
{
    NM m;
    UINT *t,*s;
    int i;

    for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) r[i] = 0;
    for ( i = 0, s = s0, m = BDY(d); m; m = NEXT(m) ) {
        t = DL(m);
        for ( ; !ndl_equal(t,s); s += nd_wpd, i++ );
        r[i] = CZ(m);
    }
    for ( i = 0; !r[i]; i++ );
    return i;
}

int nd_to_vect_lf(UINT *s0,int n,ND d,mpz_t *r)
{
    NM m;
    UINT *t,*s;
    int i;

    for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) { mpz_init(r[i]); mpz_set_ui(r[i],0); }
    for ( i = 0, s = s0, m = BDY(d); m; m = NEXT(m) ) {
        t = DL(m);
        for ( ; !ndl_equal(t,s); s += nd_wpd, i++ );
        mpz_set(r[i],BDY(CZ(m)));
    }
    for ( i = 0; !mpz_sgn(r[i]); i++ );
    return i;
}

unsigned long *nd_to_vect_2(UINT *s0,int n,int *s0hash,ND p)
{
    NM m;
    unsigned long *v;
    int i,j,h,size;
  UINT *s,*t;

  size = sizeof(unsigned long)*(n+BLEN-1)/BLEN;
    v = (unsigned long *)MALLOC_ATOMIC_IGNORE_OFF_PAGE(size);
    bzero(v,size);
    for ( i = j = 0, s = s0, m = BDY(p); m; j++, m = NEXT(m) ) {
    t = DL(m);
    h = ndl_hash_value(t);
        for ( ; h != s0hash[i] || !ndl_equal(t,s); s += nd_wpd, i++ );
      v[i/BLEN] |= 1L <<(i%BLEN);
    }
    return v;
}

int nd_nm_to_vect_2(UINT *s0,int n,int *s0hash,NDV p,NM m,unsigned long *v)
{
    NMV mr;
    UINT *d,*t,*s;
    int i,j,len,h,head;

    d = DL(m);
    len = LEN(p);
    t = (UINT *)MALLOC(nd_wpd*sizeof(UINT));
    for ( i = j = 0, s = s0, mr = BDY(p); j < len; j++, NMV_ADV(mr) ) {
        ndl_add(d,DL(mr),t);    
    h = ndl_hash_value(t);
        for ( ; h != s0hash[i] || !ndl_equal(t,s); s += nd_wpd, i++ );
    if ( j == 0 ) head = i;
      v[i/BLEN] |= 1L <<(i%BLEN);
    }
    return head;
}

Z *nm_ind_pair_to_vect(int mod,UINT *s0,int n,NM_ind_pair pair)
{
    NM m;
    NMV mr;
    UINT *d,*t,*s;
    NDV p;
    int i,j,len;
    Z *r;

    m = pair->mul;
    d = DL(m);
    p = nd_ps[pair->index];
    len = LEN(p);
    r = (Z *)CALLOC(n,sizeof(Q));
    t = (UINT *)MALLOC(nd_wpd*sizeof(UINT));
    for ( i = j = 0, s = s0, mr = BDY(p); j < len; j++, NMV_ADV(mr) ) {
        ndl_add(d,DL(mr),t);    
        for ( ; !ndl_equal(t,s); s += nd_wpd, i++ );
        r[i] = CZ(mr);
    }
    return r;
}

IndArray nm_ind_pair_to_vect_compress(int trace,UINT *s0,int n,NM_ind_pair pair,int start)
{
    NM m;
    NMV mr;
    UINT *d,*t,*s,*u;
    NDV p;
    unsigned char *ivc;
    unsigned short *ivs;
    UINT *v,*ivi,*s0v;
    int i,j,len,prev,diff,cdiff,h,st,ed,md,c;
    IndArray r;

    m = pair->mul;
    d = DL(m);
    if ( trace )
      p = nd_demand?nd_ps_trace_sym[pair->index]:nd_ps_trace[pair->index];
    else
      p = nd_demand?nd_ps_sym[pair->index]:nd_ps[pair->index];

    len = LEN(p);
    t = (UINT *)MALLOC(nd_wpd*sizeof(UINT));
    v = (unsigned int *)MALLOC(len*sizeof(unsigned int));
    for ( prev = start, mr = BDY(p), j = 0; j < len; j++, NMV_ADV(mr) ) {
      ndl_add(d,DL(mr),t);    
      st = prev;
      ed = n;
      while ( ed > st ) {
        md = (st+ed)/2;
        u = s0+md*nd_wpd;
        c = DL_COMPARE(u,t);
        if ( c == 0 ) break;
        else if ( c > 0 ) st = md;
        else ed = md;
      }
      prev = v[j] = md;
    }
    r = (IndArray)MALLOC(sizeof(struct oIndArray));
    r->head = v[0];
    diff = 0;
    for ( i = 1; i < len; i++ ) {
        cdiff = v[i]-v[i-1]; diff = MAX(cdiff,diff);
    }
    if ( diff < 256 ) {
        r->width = 1;
        ivc = (unsigned char *)MALLOC_ATOMIC(len*sizeof(unsigned char));
        r->index.c = ivc;
        for ( i = 1, ivc[0] = 0; i < len; i++ ) ivc[i] = v[i]-v[i-1];
    } else if ( diff < 65536 ) {
        r->width = 2;
        ivs = (unsigned short *)MALLOC_ATOMIC(len*sizeof(unsigned short));
        r->index.s = ivs;
        for ( i = 1, ivs[0] = 0; i < len; i++ ) ivs[i] = v[i]-v[i-1];
    } else {
        r->width = 4;
        ivi = (unsigned int *)MALLOC_ATOMIC(len*sizeof(unsigned int));
        r->index.i = ivi;
        for ( i = 1, ivi[0] = 0; i < len; i++ ) ivi[i] = v[i]-v[i-1];
    }
    return r;
}

int compress_array(Z *svect,Z *cvect,int n)
{
    int i,j;

    for ( i = j = 0; i < n; i++ )
        if ( svect[i] ) cvect[j++] = svect[i];
    return j;
}

void expand_array(Z *svect,Z *cvect,int n)
{
    int i,j;

    for ( i = j = 0; j < n;  i++  )
        if ( svect[i] ) svect[i] = cvect[j++];
}

#if 0
int ndv_reduce_vect_q(Z *svect,int trace,int col,IndArray *imat,NM_ind_pair *rp0,int nred)
{
    int i,j,k,len,pos,prev,nz;
    Z cs,mcs,c1,c2,cr,gcd,t;
    IndArray ivect;
    unsigned char *ivc;
    unsigned short *ivs;
    unsigned int *ivi;
    NDV redv;
    NMV mr;
    NODE rp;
    int maxrs;
    double hmag;
    Z *cvect;
    int l;

    maxrs = 0;
    for ( i = 0; i < col && !svect[i]; i++ );
    if ( i == col ) return maxrs;
    hmag = p_mag((P)svect[i])*nd_scale;
    cvect = (Z *)MALLOC(col*sizeof(Q));
    for ( i = 0; i < nred; i++ ) {
        ivect = imat[i];
        k = ivect->head;
        if ( svect[k] ) {
            maxrs = MAX(maxrs,rp0[i]->sugar);
            redv = nd_demand?ndv_load(rp0[i]->index)
                     :(trace?nd_ps_trace[rp0[i]->index]:nd_ps[rp0[i]->index]);
            len = LEN(redv); mr = BDY(redv);
            igcd_cofactor(svect[k],CZ(mr),&gcd,&cs,&cr);
            chsgnz(cs,&mcs);
            if ( !UNIQ(cr) ) {
                for ( j = 0; j < col; j++ ) {
                    mulz(svect[j],cr,&c1); svect[j] = c1;
                }
            }
            svect[k] = 0; prev = k;
            switch ( ivect->width ) {
                case 1:
                    ivc = ivect->index.c;
                    for ( j = 1, NMV_ADV(mr); j < len; j++, NMV_ADV(mr) ) {
                        pos = prev+ivc[j]; prev = pos;
                        muladdtoz(CZ(mr),mcs,&svect[pos]);
                    }
                    break;
                case 2:
                    ivs = ivect->index.s; 
                    for ( j = 1, NMV_ADV(mr); j < len; j++, NMV_ADV(mr) ) {
                        pos = prev+ivs[j]; prev = pos;
                        muladdtoz(CZ(mr),mcs,&svect[pos]);
                    }
                    break;
                case 4:
                    ivi = ivect->index.i;
                    for ( j = 1, NMV_ADV(mr); j < len; j++, NMV_ADV(mr) ) {
                        pos = prev+ivi[j]; prev = pos;
                        muladdtoz(CZ(mr),mcs,&svect[pos]);
                    }
                    break;
            }
            for ( j = k+1; j < col && !svect[j]; j++ );
            if ( j == col ) break;
            if ( hmag && ((double)p_mag((P)svect[j]) > hmag) ) {
                nz = compress_array(svect,cvect,col);
                removecont_array((P *)cvect,nz,1);
                expand_array(svect,cvect,nz);
                hmag = ((double)p_mag((P)svect[j]))*nd_scale;
            }
        }
    }
    nz = compress_array(svect,cvect,col);
    removecont_array((P *)cvect,nz,1);
    expand_array(svect,cvect,nz);
    if ( DP_Print ) { 
        fprintf(asir_out,"-"); fflush(asir_out);
    }
    return maxrs;
}
#else

/* direct mpz version */
int ndv_reduce_vect_q(Z *svect0,int trace,int col,IndArray *imat,NM_ind_pair *rp0,int nred)
{
    int i,j,k,len,pos,prev;
    mpz_t cs,cr,gcd;
    IndArray ivect;
    unsigned char *ivc;
    unsigned short *ivs;
    unsigned int *ivi;
    NDV redv;
    NMV mr;
    NODE rp;
    int maxrs;
    double hmag;
    int l;
    static mpz_t *svect;
    static int svect_len=0;

    maxrs = 0;
    for ( i = 0; i < col && !svect0[i]; i++ );
    if ( i == col ) return maxrs;
    hmag = p_mag((P)svect0[i])*nd_scale;
    if ( col > svect_len ) {
      svect = (mpz_t *)MALLOC(col*sizeof(mpz_t));
      svect_len = col;
    }
    for ( i = 0; i < col; i++ ) {
      mpz_init(svect[i]);
      if ( svect0[i] )
        mpz_set(svect[i],BDY(svect0[i]));
      else
        mpz_set_ui(svect[i],0);
    }
    mpz_init(gcd); mpz_init(cs); mpz_init(cr);
    for ( i = 0; i < nred; i++ ) {
        ivect = imat[i];
        k = ivect->head;
        if ( mpz_sgn(svect[k]) ) {
            maxrs = MAX(maxrs,rp0[i]->sugar);
            redv = nd_demand?ndv_load(rp0[i]->index)
                     :(trace?nd_ps_trace[rp0[i]->index]:nd_ps[rp0[i]->index]);
            len = LEN(redv); mr = BDY(redv);
            mpz_gcd(gcd,svect[k],BDY(CZ(mr)));
            mpz_div(cs,svect[k],gcd);
            mpz_div(cr,BDY(CZ(mr)),gcd);
            mpz_neg(cs,cs);
            if ( MUNIMPZ(cr) )
              for ( j = 0; j < col; j++ ) mpz_neg(svect[j],svect[j]); 
            else if ( !UNIMPZ(cr) )
              for ( j = 0; j < col; j++ ) {
                if ( mpz_sgn(svect[j]) ) mpz_mul(svect[j],svect[j],cr);
              }
            mpz_set_ui(svect[k],0);
            prev = k;
            switch ( ivect->width ) {
                case 1:
                    ivc = ivect->index.c;
                    for ( j = 1, NMV_ADV(mr); j < len; j++, NMV_ADV(mr) ) {
                        pos = prev+ivc[j]; prev = pos;
                        mpz_addmul(svect[pos],BDY(CZ(mr)),cs);
                    }
                    break;
                case 2:
                    ivs = ivect->index.s; 
                    for ( j = 1, NMV_ADV(mr); j < len; j++, NMV_ADV(mr) ) {
                        pos = prev+ivs[j]; prev = pos;
                        mpz_addmul(svect[pos],BDY(CZ(mr)),cs);
                    }
                    break;
                case 4:
                    ivi = ivect->index.i;
                    for ( j = 1, NMV_ADV(mr); j < len; j++, NMV_ADV(mr) ) {
                        pos = prev+ivi[j]; prev = pos;
                        mpz_addmul(svect[pos],BDY(CZ(mr)),cs);
                    }
                    break;
            }
            for ( j = k+1; j < col && !svect[j]; j++ );
            if ( j == col ) break;
            if ( hmag && ((double)mpz_sizeinbase(svect[j],2) > hmag) ) {
                mpz_removecont_array(svect,col);
                hmag = ((double)mpz_sizeinbase(svect[j],2))*nd_scale;
            }
        }
    }
    mpz_removecont_array(svect,col);
    if ( DP_Print ) { 
        fprintf(asir_out,"-"); fflush(asir_out);
    }
    for ( i = 0; i < col; i++ )
      if ( mpz_sgn(svect[i]) ) MPZTOZ(svect[i],svect0[i]);
      else svect0[i] = 0;
    return maxrs;
}
#endif

int ndv_reduce_vect(int m,UINT *svect,int col,IndArray *imat,NM_ind_pair *rp0,int nred,SIG sig)
{
    int i,j,k,len,pos,prev;
    UINT c,c1,c2,c3,up,lo,dmy;
    IndArray ivect;
    unsigned char *ivc;
    unsigned short *ivs;
    unsigned int *ivi;
    NDV redv;
    NMV mr;
    NODE rp;
    int maxrs;

    maxrs = 0;
    for ( i = 0; i < nred; i++ ) {
        ivect = imat[i];
        k = ivect->head; svect[k] %= m;
        if ( (c = svect[k]) != 0 && (sig == 0 || comp_sig(sig,rp0[i]->sig) > 0 ) ) {
            maxrs = MAX(maxrs,rp0[i]->sugar);
            c = m-c; redv = nd_ps[rp0[i]->index];
            len = LEN(redv); mr = BDY(redv);
            svect[k] = 0; prev = k;
            switch ( ivect->width ) {
                case 1:
                    ivc = ivect->index.c;
                    for ( j = 1, NMV_ADV(mr); j < len; j++, NMV_ADV(mr) ) {
                        pos = prev+ivc[j]; c1 = CM(mr); prev = pos;
                        if ( c1 ) {
                          c2 = svect[pos];
                          DMA(c1,c,c2,up,lo);
                          if ( up ) { DSAB(m,up,lo,dmy,c3); svect[pos] = c3;
                          } else svect[pos] = lo;
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                case 2:
                    ivs = ivect->index.s; 
                    for ( j = 1, NMV_ADV(mr); j < len; j++, NMV_ADV(mr) ) {
                        pos = prev+ivs[j]; c1 = CM(mr);
                        prev = pos;
                        if ( c1 ) {
                          c2 = svect[pos];
                          DMA(c1,c,c2,up,lo);
                          if ( up ) { DSAB(m,up,lo,dmy,c3); svect[pos] = c3;
                          } else svect[pos] = lo;
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                case 4:
                    ivi = ivect->index.i;
                    for ( j = 1, NMV_ADV(mr); j < len; j++, NMV_ADV(mr) ) {
                        pos = prev+ivi[j]; c1 = CM(mr);
                        prev = pos;
                        if ( c1 ) {
                          c2 = svect[pos];
                          DMA(c1,c,c2,up,lo);
                          if ( up ) { DSAB(m,up,lo,dmy,c3); svect[pos] = c3;
                          } else svect[pos] = lo;
                        }
                    }
                    break;
            }
        }
    }
    for ( i = 0; i < col; i++ )
        if ( svect[i] >= (UINT)m ) svect[i] %= m;
    return maxrs;
}

int ndv_reduce_vect_sf(int m,UINT *svect,int col,IndArray *imat,NM_ind_pair *rp0,int nred)
{
    int i,j,k,len,pos,prev;
    UINT c,c1,c2,c3,up,lo,dmy;
    IndArray ivect;
    unsigned char *ivc;
    unsigned short *ivs;
    unsigned int *ivi;
    NDV redv;
    NMV mr;
    NODE rp;
    int maxrs;

    maxrs = 0;
    for ( i = 0; i < nred; i++ ) {
        ivect = imat[i];
        k = ivect->head;
        if ( (c = svect[k]) != 0 ) {
            maxrs = MAX(maxrs,rp0[i]->sugar);
            c = _chsgnsf(c); redv = nd_ps[rp0[i]->index];
            len = LEN(redv); mr = BDY(redv);
            svect[k] = 0; prev = k;
            switch ( ivect->width ) {
                case 1:
                    ivc = ivect->index.c;
                    for ( j = 1, NMV_ADV(mr); j < len; j++, NMV_ADV(mr) ) {
                        pos = prev+ivc[j]; prev = pos;
                        svect[pos] = _addsf(_mulsf(CM(mr),c),svect[pos]);
                    }
                    break;
                case 2:
                    ivs = ivect->index.s; 
                    for ( j = 1, NMV_ADV(mr); j < len; j++, NMV_ADV(mr) ) {
                        pos = prev+ivs[j]; prev = pos;
                        svect[pos] = _addsf(_mulsf(CM(mr),c),svect[pos]);
                    }
                    break;
                case 4:
                    ivi = ivect->index.i;
                    for ( j = 1, NMV_ADV(mr); j < len; j++, NMV_ADV(mr) ) {
                        pos = prev+ivi[j]; prev = pos;
                        svect[pos] = _addsf(_mulsf(CM(mr),c),svect[pos]);
                    }
                    break;
            }
        }
    }
    return maxrs;
}

ND nd_add_lf(ND p1,ND p2)
{
    int n,c,can;
    ND r;
    NM m1,m2,mr0,mr,s;
    Z t;

    if ( !p1 ) return p2;
    else if ( !p2 ) return p1;
    else {
        can = 0;
        for ( n = NV(p1), m1 = BDY(p1), m2 = BDY(p2), mr0 = 0; m1 && m2; ) {
            c = DL_COMPARE(DL(m1),DL(m2));
            switch ( c ) {
                case 0:
                    addlf(CZ(m1),CZ(m2),&t);
                    s = m1; m1 = NEXT(m1);
                    if ( t ) {
                        can++; NEXTNM2(mr0,mr,s); CZ(mr) = (t);
                    } else {
                        can += 2; FREENM(s);
                    }
                    s = m2; m2 = NEXT(m2); FREENM(s);
                    break;
                case 1:
                    s = m1; m1 = NEXT(m1); NEXTNM2(mr0,mr,s);
                    break;
                case -1:
                    s = m2; m2 = NEXT(m2); NEXTNM2(mr0,mr,s);
                    break;
            }
        }
        if ( !mr0 )
            if ( m1 ) mr0 = m1;
            else if ( m2 ) mr0 = m2;
            else return 0;
        else if ( m1 ) NEXT(mr) = m1;
        else if ( m2 ) NEXT(mr) = m2;
        else NEXT(mr) = 0;
        BDY(p1) = mr0;
        SG(p1) = MAX(SG(p1),SG(p2));
        LEN(p1) = LEN(p1)+LEN(p2)-can;
        FREEND(p2);
        return p1;
    }
}

int ndv_reduce_vect_lf(mpz_t *svect,int trace,int col,IndArray *imat,NM_ind_pair *rp0,int nred)
{
    int i,j,k,len,pos,prev;
    mpz_t c,mc,c1;
    IndArray ivect;
    unsigned char *ivc;
    unsigned short *ivs;
    unsigned int *ivi;
    NDV redv;
    NMV mr;
    NODE rp;
    int maxrs;

    maxrs = 0;
    lf_lazy = 1;
    for ( i = 0; i < nred; i++ ) {
        ivect = imat[i];
        k = ivect->head;
        mpz_mod(svect[k],svect[k],BDY(current_mod_lf));
        if ( mpz_sgn(svect[k]) ) {
            maxrs = MAX(maxrs,rp0[i]->sugar);
            mpz_neg(svect[k],svect[k]);
            redv = trace?nd_ps_trace[rp0[i]->index]:nd_ps[rp0[i]->index];
            len = LEN(redv); mr = BDY(redv);
            prev = k;
            switch ( ivect->width ) {
                case 1:
                    ivc = ivect->index.c;
                    for ( j = 1, NMV_ADV(mr); j < len; j++, NMV_ADV(mr) ) {
                        pos = prev+ivc[j]; prev = pos;
                        mpz_addmul(svect[pos],svect[k],BDY(CZ(mr)));
                    }
                    break;
                case 2:
                    ivs = ivect->index.s; 
                    for ( j = 1, NMV_ADV(mr); j < len; j++, NMV_ADV(mr) ) {
                        pos = prev+ivs[j]; prev = pos;
                        mpz_addmul(svect[pos],svect[k],BDY(CZ(mr)));
                    }
                    break;
                case 4:
                    ivi = ivect->index.i;
                    for ( j = 1, NMV_ADV(mr); j < len; j++, NMV_ADV(mr) ) {
                        pos = prev+ivi[j]; prev = pos;
                        mpz_addmul(svect[pos],svect[k],BDY(CZ(mr)));
                    }
                    break;
            }
            mpz_set_ui(svect[k],0);
        }
    }
    lf_lazy=0;
    for ( i = 0; i < col; i++ ) {
        mpz_mod(svect[i],svect[i],BDY(current_mod_lf));
    }
    return maxrs;
}

int nd_gauss_elim_lf(mpz_t **mat0,int *sugar,int row,int col,int *colstat)
{
    int i,j,k,l,rank,s;
    mpz_t a,a1,inv;
    mpz_t *t,*pivot,*pk;
    mpz_t **mat;
    struct oEGT eg0,eg1,eg_forward,eg_mod,eg_back;
    int size,size1;

    mpz_init(inv); 
    mpz_init(a);
    mat = (mpz_t **)mat0;
        size = 0;
    for ( rank = 0, j = 0; j < col; j++ ) {
        for ( i = rank; i < row; i++ ) {
            mpz_mod(mat[i][j],mat[i][j],BDY(current_mod_lf));
        }
        for ( i = rank; i < row; i++ )
            if ( mpz_sgn(mat[i][j]) )
                break;
        if ( i == row ) {
            colstat[j] = 0;
            continue;
        } else
            colstat[j] = 1;
        if ( i != rank ) {
            t = mat[i]; mat[i] = mat[rank]; mat[rank] = t;
            s = sugar[i]; sugar[i] = sugar[rank]; sugar[rank] = s;
        }
        pivot = mat[rank];
        s = sugar[rank];
        mpz_invert(inv,pivot[j],BDY(current_mod_lf));
        for ( k = j, pk = pivot+k; k < col; k++, pk++ )
            if ( mpz_sgn(*pk) ) {
                mpz_mul(a,*pk,inv); mpz_mod(*pk,a,BDY(current_mod_lf));
            }
        for ( i = rank+1; i < row; i++ ) {
            t = mat[i];
            if ( mpz_sgn(t[j]) ) {
                sugar[i] = MAX(sugar[i],s);
                mpz_neg(a,t[j]);
                red_by_vect_lf(t+j,pivot+j,a,col-j);
            }
        }
        rank++;
    }
    for ( j = col-1, l = rank-1; j >= 0; j-- )
        if ( colstat[j] ) {
            pivot = mat[l];
            s = sugar[l];
            for ( k = j; k < col; k++ )
              mpz_mod(pivot[k],pivot[k],BDY(current_mod_lf));
            for ( i = 0; i < l; i++ ) {
                t = mat[i];
                if ( mpz_sgn(t[j]) ) {
                    sugar[i] = MAX(sugar[i],s);
                    mpz_neg(a,t[j]);
                    red_by_vect_lf(t+j,pivot+j,a,col-j);
                }
            }
            l--;
        }
    for ( j = 0, l = 0; l < rank; j++ )
        if ( colstat[j] ) {
            t = mat[l];
            for ( k = j; k < col; k++ ) {
                mpz_mod(t[k],t[k],BDY(current_mod_lf));
            }
            l++;
        }
    return rank;
}


NDV vect_to_ndv(UINT *vect,int spcol,int col,int *rhead,UINT *s0vect)
{
    int j,k,len;
    UINT *p;
    UINT c;
    NDV r;
    NMV mr0,mr;

    for ( j = 0, len = 0; j < spcol; j++ ) if ( vect[j] ) len++;
    if ( !len ) return 0;
    else {
        mr0 = (NMV)MALLOC_ATOMIC_IGNORE_OFF_PAGE(nmv_adv*len);
#if 0
        ndv_alloc += nmv_adv*len;
#endif
        mr = mr0; 
        p = s0vect;
        for ( j = k = 0; j < col; j++, p += nd_wpd )
            if ( !rhead[j] ) {
                if ( (c = vect[k++]) != 0 ) {
                    ndl_copy(p,DL(mr)); CM(mr) = c; NMV_ADV(mr);
                }
            }
        MKNDV(nd_nvar,mr0,len,r);
        return r;
    }
}

NDV vect_to_ndv_s(UINT *vect,int col,UINT *s0vect)
{
    int j,k,len;
    UINT *p;
    UINT c;
    NDV r;
    NMV mr0,mr;

    for ( j = 0, len = 0; j < col; j++ ) if ( vect[j] ) len++;
    if ( !len ) return 0;
    else {
        mr0 = (NMV)MALLOC_ATOMIC_IGNORE_OFF_PAGE(nmv_adv*len);
        mr = mr0; 
        p = s0vect;
        for ( j = k = 0; j < col; j++, p += nd_wpd )
          if ( (c = vect[k++]) != 0 ) {
            ndl_copy(p,DL(mr)); CM(mr) = c; NMV_ADV(mr);
          }
        MKNDV(nd_nvar,mr0,len,r);
        return r;
    }
}

NDV vect_to_ndv_2(unsigned long *vect,int col,UINT *s0vect)
{
    int j,k,len;
    UINT *p;
    NDV r;
    NMV mr0,mr;

    for ( j = 0, len = 0; j < col; j++ ) if ( vect[j/BLEN] & (1L<<(j%BLEN)) ) len++;
    if ( !len ) return 0;
    else {
        mr0 = (NMV)MALLOC_ATOMIC_IGNORE_OFF_PAGE(nmv_adv*len);
        mr = mr0; 
        p = s0vect;
        for ( j = 0; j < col; j++, p += nd_wpd )
      if ( vect[j/BLEN] & (1L<<(j%BLEN)) ) {
            ndl_copy(p,DL(mr)); CM(mr) = 1; NMV_ADV(mr);
          }
        MKNDV(nd_nvar,mr0,len,r);
        return r;
    }
}

/* for preprocessed vector */

NDV vect_to_ndv_q(Z *vect,int spcol,int col,int *rhead,UINT *s0vect)
{
  int j,k,len;
  UINT *p;
  Z c;
  NDV r;
  NMV mr0,mr;

  for ( j = 0, len = 0; j < spcol; j++ ) if ( vect[j] ) len++;
  if ( !len ) return 0;
  else {
    mr0 = (NMV)MALLOC(nmv_adv*len);
#if 0
    ndv_alloc += nmv_adv*len;
#endif
    mr = mr0; 
    p = s0vect;
    for ( j = k = 0; j < col; j++, p += nd_wpd ) {
      if ( !rhead[j] ) {
        if ( (c = vect[k++]) != 0 ) {
          if ( !INT(c) )
            error("vect_to_ndv_q : components must be integers");
            ndl_copy(p,DL(mr)); CZ(mr) = c; NMV_ADV(mr);
        }
      }
    }
    MKNDV(nd_nvar,mr0,len,r);
    return r;
  }
}

NDV vect_to_ndv_lf(mpz_t *vect,int spcol,int col,int *rhead,UINT *s0vect)
{
    int j,k,len;
    UINT *p;
    mpz_t c;
    NDV r;
    NMV mr0,mr;

    for ( j = 0, len = 0; j < spcol; j++ ) if ( mpz_sgn(vect[j]) ) len++;
    if ( !len ) return 0;
    else {
        mr0 = (NMV)MALLOC(nmv_adv*len);
#if 0
        ndv_alloc += nmv_adv*len;
#endif
        mr = mr0; 
        p = s0vect;
        for ( j = k = 0; j < col; j++, p += nd_wpd )
            if ( !rhead[j] ) {
                c[0] = vect[k++][0];
                if ( mpz_sgn(c) ) {
                    ndl_copy(p,DL(mr)); MPZTOZ(c,CZ(mr)); NMV_ADV(mr);
                }
            }
        MKNDV(nd_nvar,mr0,len,r);
        return r;
    }
}

/* for plain vector */

NDV plain_vect_to_ndv_q(Z *vect,int col,UINT *s0vect)
{
    int j,k,len;
    UINT *p;
    Z c;
    NDV r;
    NMV mr0,mr;

    for ( j = 0, len = 0; j < col; j++ ) if ( vect[j] ) len++;
    if ( !len ) return 0;
    else {
        mr0 = (NMV)MALLOC(nmv_adv*len);
#if 0
        ndv_alloc += nmv_adv*len;
#endif
        mr = mr0; 
        p = s0vect;
        for ( j = k = 0; j < col; j++, p += nd_wpd, k++ )
            if ( (c = vect[k]) != 0 ) {
                if ( !INT(c) )
                    error("plain_vect_to_ndv_q : components must be integers");
                ndl_copy(p,DL(mr)); CZ(mr) = c; NMV_ADV(mr);
            }
        MKNDV(nd_nvar,mr0,len,r);
        return r;
    }
}

int nd_sp_f4(int m,int trace,ND_pairs l,PGeoBucket bucket)
{
    ND_pairs t;
    NODE sp0,sp;
    int stat;
    ND spol;

    for ( t = l; t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
        stat = nd_sp(m,trace,t,&spol);
        if ( !stat ) return 0;
        if ( spol ) {
            add_pbucket_symbolic(bucket,spol);
        }
    }
    return 1;
}

int nd_symbolic_preproc(PGeoBucket bucket,int trace,UINT **s0vect,NODE *r)
{
    NODE rp0,rp;
    NM mul,head,s0,s;
    int index,col,i,sugar;
    RHist h;
    UINT *s0v,*p;
    NM_ind_pair pair;
    ND red;
    NDV *ps;

    s0 = 0; rp0 = 0; col = 0;
  if ( nd_demand )
      ps = trace?nd_ps_trace_sym:nd_ps_sym;
  else
      ps = trace?nd_ps_trace:nd_ps;
    while ( 1 ) {
        head = remove_head_pbucket_symbolic(bucket);
        if ( !head ) break;
        if ( !s0 ) s0 = head;
        else NEXT(s) = head;
        s = head;
        index = ndl_find_reducer(DL(head));
        if ( index >= 0 ) {
            h = nd_psh[index];
            NEWNM(mul);
            ndl_sub(DL(head),DL(h),DL(mul));
            if ( ndl_check_bound2(index,DL(mul)) ) 
                return 0;
            sugar = TD(DL(mul))+SG(ps[index]);
            MKNM_ind_pair(pair,mul,index,sugar,0);
            red = ndv_mul_nm_symbolic(mul,ps[index]);
            add_pbucket_symbolic(bucket,nd_remove_head(red));
            NEXTNODE(rp0,rp); BDY(rp) = (pointer)pair;
        }
        col++;
    }
    if ( rp0 ) NEXT(rp) = 0;
    NEXT(s) = 0;
    s0v = (UINT *)MALLOC_ATOMIC(col*nd_wpd*sizeof(UINT));
    for ( i = 0, p = s0v, s = s0; i < col;
        i++, p += nd_wpd, s = NEXT(s) ) ndl_copy(DL(s),p);
    *s0vect = s0v;        
    *r = rp0;
    return col;
}

void print_ndp(ND_pairs l)
{
  ND_pairs t;

  for ( t = l; t; t = NEXT(t) )
    printf("[%d,%d] ",t->i1,t->i2);
  printf("\n");
}

NODE nd_f4(int m,int checkonly,int **indp)
{
    int i,nh,stat,index,f4red;
    NODE r,g,tn0,tn,node;
    ND_pairs d,l,t,ll0,ll,lh;
  LIST l0,l1;
    ND spol,red;
    NDV nf,redv;
    NM s0,s;
    NODE rp0,srp0,nflist,nzlist,nzlist_t;
    int nsp,nred,col,rank,len,k,j,a,i1s,i2s;
    UINT c;
    UINT **spmat;
    UINT *s0vect,*svect,*p,*v;
    int *colstat;
    IndArray *imat;
    int *rhead;
    int spcol,sprow;
    int sugar,sugarh;
    PGeoBucket bucket;
    struct oEGT eg0,eg1,eg_f4;
    Z i1,i2,sugarq;

    init_eg(&f4_symb); init_eg(&f4_conv); init_eg(&f4_conv); init_eg(&f4_elim1); init_eg(&f4_elim2);
#if 0
    ndv_alloc = 0;
#endif
    Nf4_red=0;
    g = 0; d = 0;
    for ( i = 0; i < nd_psn; i++ ) {
        d = update_pairs(d,g,i,0);
        g = update_base(g,i);
    }
  nzlist = 0;
    nzlist_t = nd_nzlist;
    f4red = 1;
    nd_last_nonzero = 0;
    while ( d ) {
        get_eg(&eg0);
        l = nd_minsugarp(d,&d);
        sugar = nd_sugarweight?l->sugar2:SG(l);
        if ( MaxDeg > 0 && sugar > MaxDeg ) break;
        if ( nzlist_t ) {
            node = BDY((LIST)BDY(nzlist_t));
            sugarh = ZTOS((Q)ARG0(node));
            tn = BDY((LIST)ARG1(node));
            if ( !tn ) {
              nzlist_t = NEXT(nzlist_t);
              continue;
            }
            /* tn = [[i1,i2],...] */
            lh = nd_ipairtospair(tn);
        }
        bucket = create_pbucket();
        stat = nd_sp_f4(m,0,l,bucket);
        if ( !stat ) {
            for ( t = l; NEXT(t); t = NEXT(t) );
            NEXT(t) = d; d = l;
            d = nd_reconstruct(0,d);
            continue;
        }
        if ( bucket->m < 0 ) continue;
        col = nd_symbolic_preproc(bucket,0,&s0vect,&rp0);
        if ( !col ) {
            for ( t = l; NEXT(t); t = NEXT(t) );
            NEXT(t) = d; d = l;
            d = nd_reconstruct(0,d);
            continue;
        }
        get_eg(&eg1); init_eg(&eg_f4); add_eg(&eg_f4,&eg0,&eg1); add_eg(&f4_symb,&eg0,&eg1);
        if ( DP_Print )
            fprintf(asir_out,"sugar=%d,symb=%.3fsec,",
                sugar,eg_f4.exectime);
        nflist = nd_f4_red(m,nd_nzlist?lh:l,0,s0vect,col,rp0,nd_gentrace?&ll:0);
        if ( checkonly && nflist ) return 0;
        /* adding new bases */
        if ( nflist ) nd_last_nonzero = f4red;
        for ( r = nflist; r; r = NEXT(r) ) {
            nf = (NDV)BDY(r);
            if ( nd_f4_td ) SG(nf) = nd_tdeg(nf);
            ndv_removecont(m,nf);
            if ( !m && nd_nalg ) {
                ND nf1;

                nf1 = ndvtond(m,nf);
                nd_monic(0,&nf1);
                nd_removecont(m,nf1);
                nf = ndtondv(m,nf1);
            }
            nh = ndv_newps(m,nf,0);
            d = update_pairs(d,g,nh,0);
            g = update_base(g,nh);
        }
        if ( DP_Print ) { 
          fprintf(asir_out,"f4red=%d,gblen=%d\n",f4red,length(g)); fflush(asir_out);
        }
        if ( nd_gentrace ) {
      for ( t = ll, tn0 = 0; t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
        NEXTNODE(tn0,tn);
                STOZ(t->i1,i1); STOZ(t->i2,i2);
                node = mknode(2,i1,i2); MKLIST(l0,node);
        BDY(tn) = l0;
      }
      if ( tn0 ) NEXT(tn) = 0; MKLIST(l0,tn0);
            STOZ(sugar,sugarq); node = mknode(2,sugarq,l0); MKLIST(l1,node);
            MKNODE(node,l1,nzlist); nzlist = node;
        }
        if ( nd_nzlist ) nzlist_t = NEXT(nzlist_t);
        f4red++;
        if ( nd_f4red && f4red > nd_f4red ) break;
        if ( nd_rank0 && !nflist ) break;
    }
    if ( nd_gentrace ) {
    MKLIST(l0,reverse_node(nzlist));
        MKNODE(nd_alltracelist,l0,0);
    }
#if 0
    fprintf(asir_out,"ndv_alloc=%d\n",ndv_alloc);
#endif
  if ( DP_Print ) {
    fprintf(asir_out,"number of red=%d,",Nf4_red);
    fprintf(asir_out,"symb=%.3fsec,conv=%.3fsec,elim1=%.3fsec,elim2=%.3fsec\n",
      f4_symb.exectime,f4_conv.exectime,f4_elim1.exectime,f4_elim2.exectime);
    fprintf(asir_out,"number of removed pairs=%d\n,",NcriB+NcriMF+Ncri2);
  }
  conv_ilist(nd_demand,0,g,indp);
    return g;
}

NODE nd_f4_trace(int m,int **indp)
{
    int i,nh,stat,index;
    NODE r,g;
    ND_pairs d,l,l0,t;
    ND spol,red;
    NDV nf,redv,nfqv,nfv;
    NM s0,s;
    NODE rp0,srp0,nflist;
    int nsp,nred,col,rank,len,k,j,a;
    UINT c;
    UINT **spmat;
    UINT *s0vect,*svect,*p,*v;
    int *colstat;
    IndArray *imat;
    int *rhead;
    int spcol,sprow;
    int sugar;
    PGeoBucket bucket;
    struct oEGT eg0,eg1,eg_f4;

    g = 0; d = 0;
    for ( i = 0; i < nd_psn; i++ ) {
        d = update_pairs(d,g,i,0);
        g = update_base(g,i);
    }
    while ( d ) {
        get_eg(&eg0);
        l = nd_minsugarp(d,&d);
        sugar = SG(l);
        if ( MaxDeg > 0 && sugar > MaxDeg ) break;
        bucket = create_pbucket();
        stat = nd_sp_f4(m,0,l,bucket);
        if ( !stat ) {
            for ( t = l; NEXT(t); t = NEXT(t) );
            NEXT(t) = d; d = l;
            d = nd_reconstruct(1,d);
            continue;
        }
        if ( bucket->m < 0 ) continue;
        col = nd_symbolic_preproc(bucket,0,&s0vect,&rp0);
        if ( !col ) {
            for ( t = l; NEXT(t); t = NEXT(t) );
            NEXT(t) = d; d = l;
            d = nd_reconstruct(1,d);
            continue;
        }
        get_eg(&eg1); init_eg(&eg_f4); add_eg(&eg_f4,&eg0,&eg1);
        if ( DP_Print )
            fprintf(asir_out,"\nsugar=%d,symb=%.3fsec,",
                sugar,eg_f4.exectime);
        nflist = nd_f4_red(m,l,0,s0vect,col,rp0,&l0);
        if ( !l0 ) continue;
        l = l0;

        /* over Q */
        bucket = create_pbucket();
        stat = nd_sp_f4(0,1,l,bucket);
        if ( !stat ) {
            for ( t = l; NEXT(t); t = NEXT(t) );
            NEXT(t) = d; d = l;
            d = nd_reconstruct(1,d);
            continue;
        }
        if ( bucket->m < 0 ) continue;
        col = nd_symbolic_preproc(bucket,1,&s0vect,&rp0);
        if ( !col ) {
            for ( t = l; NEXT(t); t = NEXT(t) );
            NEXT(t) = d; d = l;
            d = nd_reconstruct(1,d);
            continue;
        }
        nflist = nd_f4_red(0,l,1,s0vect,col,rp0,0);
        /* adding new bases */
        for ( r = nflist; r; r = NEXT(r) ) {
            nfqv = (NDV)BDY(r);
            ndv_removecont(0,nfqv);
            if ( !remqi((Q)HCZ(nfqv),m) ) return 0;
            if ( nd_nalg ) {
                ND nf1;

                nf1 = ndvtond(m,nfqv);
                nd_monic(0,&nf1);
                nd_removecont(0,nf1);
                nfqv = ndtondv(0,nf1); nd_free(nf1);
            }
            nfv = ndv_dup(0,nfqv);
            ndv_mod(m,nfv);
            ndv_removecont(m,nfv);
            nh = ndv_newps(0,nfv,nfqv);
            d = update_pairs(d,g,nh,0);
            g = update_base(g,nh);
        }
    }
#if 0
    fprintf(asir_out,"ndv_alloc=%d\n",ndv_alloc);
#endif
  conv_ilist(nd_demand,1,g,indp);
    return g;
}

int rref(matrix mat,int *sugar)
{
  int row,col,i,j,k,l,s,wcol,wj;
  unsigned long bj;
  unsigned long **a;
  unsigned long *ai,*ak,*as,*t;
  int *pivot;

  row = mat->row;
  col = mat->col;
  a = mat->a;
  wcol = (col+BLEN-1)/BLEN; 
  pivot = (int *)MALLOC_ATOMIC(row*sizeof(int));
  i = 0;
  for ( j = 0; j < col; j++ ) {
  wj = j/BLEN; bj = 1L<<(j%BLEN);
    for ( k = i; k < row; k++ )
    if ( a[k][wj] & bj ) break;
    if ( k == row ) continue;
  pivot[i] = j;
    if ( k != i ) {
   t = a[i]; a[i] = a[k]; a[k] = t;
   s = sugar[i]; sugar[i] = sugar[k]; sugar[k] = s;
  }
  ai = a[i];
    for ( k = i+1; k < row; k++ ) {
    ak = a[k];
    if ( ak[wj] & bj ) {
      for ( l = wj; l < wcol; l++ )
      ak[l] ^= ai[l];
      sugar[k] = MAX(sugar[k],sugar[i]);
    }
  }
  i++;
  }
  for ( k = i-1; k >= 0; k-- ) {
    j = pivot[k]; wj = j/BLEN; bj = 1L<<(j%BLEN);
  ak = a[k];
    for ( s = 0; s < k; s++ ) {
    as = a[s];
      if ( as[wj] & bj ) {
        for ( l = wj; l < wcol; l++ )
      as[l] ^= ak[l];
      sugar[s] = MAX(sugar[s],sugar[k]);
    }
  }
  }
  return i;
}

void print_matrix(matrix mat)
{
  int row,col,i,j;
  unsigned long *ai;

  row = mat->row;
  col = mat->col;
  printf("%d x %d\n",row,col);
  for ( i = 0; i < row; i++ ) {
  ai = mat->a[i];
    for ( j = 0; j < col; j++ ) {
    if ( ai[j/BLEN] & (1L<<(j%BLEN)) ) putchar('1');
    else putchar('0');
  }
  putchar('\n');
  }
}

NDV vect_to_ndv_2(unsigned long *vect,int col,UINT *s0vect);

void red_by_vect_2(matrix mat,int *sugar,unsigned long *v,int rhead,int rsugar)
{
  int row,col,wcol,wj,i,j;
  unsigned long bj;
  unsigned long *ai;
  unsigned long **a;
  int len;
  int *pos;

  row = mat->row;
  col = mat->col;
  wcol = (col+BLEN-1)/BLEN; 
  pos = (int *)MALLOC(wcol*sizeof(int));
  bzero(pos,wcol*sizeof(int));
  for ( i = j = 0; i < wcol; i++ )
    if ( v[i] ) pos[j++] = i;;
  len = j;
  wj = rhead/BLEN;
  bj = 1L<<rhead%BLEN;
  a = mat->a;
  for ( i = 0; i < row; i++ ) {
  ai = a[i];
    if ( ai[wj]&bj ) {
    for ( j = 0; j < len; j++ )
      ai[pos[j]] ^= v[pos[j]];
    sugar[i] = MAX(sugar[i],rsugar); 
  }
  }
}

NODE nd_f4_red_2(ND_pairs sp0,UINT *s0vect,int col,NODE rp0,ND_pairs *nz)
{
    int nsp,nred,i,i0,k,rank,row;
    NODE r0,rp;
    ND_pairs sp;
  ND spol;
  NM_ind_pair rt;
    int *s0hash;
  UINT *s;
  int *pivot,*sugar,*head;
  matrix mat;
    NM m;
    NODE r;
  struct oEGT eg0,eg1,eg2,eg_elim1,eg_elim2;
  int rhead,rsugar,size;
    unsigned long *v;

    get_eg(&eg0);
    for ( sp = sp0, nsp = 0; sp; sp = NEXT(sp), nsp++ );
    nred = length(rp0);
    mat = alloc_matrix(nsp,col);
    s0hash = (int *)MALLOC(col*sizeof(int));
    for ( i = 0, s = s0vect; i < col; i++, s += nd_wpd )
        s0hash[i] = ndl_hash_value(s);

  sugar = (int *)MALLOC(nsp*sizeof(int));
  for ( i = 0, sp = sp0; sp; sp = NEXT(sp) ) {
    nd_sp(2,0,sp,&spol);
    if ( spol ) {
        mat->a[i] = nd_to_vect_2(s0vect,col,s0hash,spol);
      sugar[i] = SG(spol);
      i++;
    }
  }
  mat->row = i;
    if ( DP_Print ) {
      fprintf(asir_out,"%dx%d,",mat->row,mat->col); fflush(asir_out);
    }
  size = ((col+BLEN-1)/BLEN)*sizeof(unsigned long);
  v = CALLOC((col+BLEN-1)/BLEN,sizeof(unsigned long));
    for ( rp = rp0, i = 0; rp; rp = NEXT(rp), i++ ) {
    rt = (NM_ind_pair)BDY(rp);
    bzero(v,size);
        rhead = nd_nm_to_vect_2(s0vect,col,s0hash,nd_ps[rt->index],rt->mul,v);
    rsugar = SG(nd_ps[rt->index])+TD(DL(rt->mul));
      red_by_vect_2(mat,sugar,v,rhead,rsugar);
  }

    get_eg(&eg1);
    init_eg(&eg_elim1); add_eg(&eg_elim1,&eg0,&eg1);
  rank = rref(mat,sugar);

    for ( i = 0, r0 = 0; i < rank; i++ ) {
      NEXTNODE(r0,r); 
    BDY(r) = (pointer)vect_to_ndv_2(mat->a[i],col,s0vect);
      SG((NDV)BDY(r)) = sugar[i];
    }
    if ( r0 ) NEXT(r) = 0;
    get_eg(&eg2);
    init_eg(&eg_elim2); add_eg(&eg_elim2,&eg1,&eg2);
    if ( DP_Print ) {
        fprintf(asir_out,"elim1=%.3fsec,elim2=%.3fsec,",
      eg_elim1.exectime,eg_elim2.exectime);
        fflush(asir_out);
  }
    return r0;
}


NODE nd_f4_red(int m,ND_pairs sp0,int trace,UINT *s0vect,int col,NODE rp0,ND_pairs *nz)
{
    IndArray *imat;
    int nsp,nred,i,start;
    int *rhead;
    NODE r0,rp;
    ND_pairs sp;
    NM_ind_pair *rvect;
    UINT *s;
    int *s0hash;
    struct oEGT eg0,eg1,eg_conv;

    if ( m == 2 && nd_rref2 )
     return nd_f4_red_2(sp0,s0vect,col,rp0,nz);

    for ( sp = sp0, nsp = 0; sp; sp = NEXT(sp), nsp++ );
    nred = length(rp0);
    imat = (IndArray *)MALLOC(nred*sizeof(IndArray));
    rhead = (int *)MALLOC(col*sizeof(int));
    for ( i = 0; i < col; i++ ) rhead[i] = 0;

    /* construction of index arrays */
    get_eg(&eg0);
    if ( DP_Print ) {
      fprintf(asir_out,"%dx%d,",nsp+nred,col);
      fflush(asir_out);
    }
    rvect = (NM_ind_pair *)MALLOC(nred*sizeof(NM_ind_pair));
    for ( start = 0, rp = rp0, i = 0; rp; i++, rp = NEXT(rp) ) {
        rvect[i] = (NM_ind_pair)BDY(rp);
        imat[i] = nm_ind_pair_to_vect_compress(trace,s0vect,col,rvect[i],start);
        rhead[imat[i]->head] = 1;
        start = imat[i]->head;
    }
    get_eg(&eg1); init_eg(&eg_conv); add_eg(&eg_conv,&eg0,&eg1); add_eg(&f4_conv,&eg0,&eg1);
    if ( DP_Print ) {
      fprintf(asir_out,"conv=%.3fsec,",eg_conv.exectime);
      fflush(asir_out);
    }
    if ( m > 0 )
#if SIZEOF_LONG==8
        r0 = nd_f4_red_mod64_main(m,sp0,nsp,s0vect,col,rvect,rhead,imat,nred,nz);
#else
        r0 = nd_f4_red_main(m,sp0,nsp,s0vect,col,rvect,rhead,imat,nred,nz);
#endif
    else if ( m == -1 )
        r0 = nd_f4_red_sf_main(m,sp0,nsp,s0vect,col,rvect,rhead,imat,nred,nz);
    else if ( m == -2 )
        r0 = nd_f4_red_lf_main(m,sp0,nsp,trace,s0vect,col,rvect,rhead,imat,nred);
    else
        r0 = nd_f4_red_q_main(sp0,nsp,trace,s0vect,col,rvect,rhead,imat,nred);
    return r0;
}

/* for Fp, 2<=p<2^16 */

NODE nd_f4_red_main(int m,ND_pairs sp0,int nsp,UINT *s0vect,int col,
        NM_ind_pair *rvect,int *rhead,IndArray *imat,int nred,ND_pairs *nz)
{
    int spcol,sprow,a;
    int i,j,k,l,rank;
    NODE r0,r;
    ND_pairs sp;
    ND spol;
    UINT **spmat;
    UINT *svect,*v;
    int *colstat;
    struct oEGT eg0,eg1,eg2,eg_f4,eg_f4_1,eg_f4_2;
    int maxrs;
    int *spsugar;
    ND_pairs *spactive;

    spcol = col-nred;
    get_eg(&eg0);
    /* elimination (1st step) */
    spmat = (UINT **)MALLOC(nsp*sizeof(UINT *));
    svect = (UINT *)MALLOC(col*sizeof(UINT));
    spsugar = (int *)MALLOC(nsp*sizeof(int));
    spactive = !nz?0:(ND_pairs *)MALLOC(nsp*sizeof(ND_pairs));
    for ( a = sprow = 0, sp = sp0; a < nsp; a++, sp = NEXT(sp) ) {
        nd_sp(m,0,sp,&spol);
        if ( !spol ) continue;
        nd_to_vect(m,s0vect,col,spol,svect);
        if ( m == -1 ) 
            maxrs = ndv_reduce_vect_sf(m,svect,col,imat,rvect,nred);
        else
            maxrs = ndv_reduce_vect(m,svect,col,imat,rvect,nred,0);
        for ( i = 0; i < col; i++ ) if ( svect[i] ) break;
        if ( i < col ) {
            spmat[sprow] = v = (UINT *)MALLOC_ATOMIC(spcol*sizeof(UINT));
            for ( j = k = 0; j < col; j++ )
                if ( !rhead[j] ) v[k++] = svect[j];
            spsugar[sprow] = MAX(maxrs,SG(spol));
            if ( nz )
            spactive[sprow] = sp;
            sprow++;
        }
        nd_free(spol);
    }
    get_eg(&eg1); init_eg(&eg_f4_1); add_eg(&eg_f4_1,&eg0,&eg1);
    if ( DP_Print ) {
        fprintf(asir_out,"elim1=%.3fsec,",eg_f4_1.exectime);
        fflush(asir_out);
    }
    /* free index arrays */
    for ( i = 0; i < nred; i++ ) GCFREE(imat[i]->index.c);

    /* elimination (2nd step) */
    colstat = (int *)MALLOC(spcol*sizeof(int));
    if ( m == -1 )
        rank = nd_gauss_elim_sf(spmat,spsugar,sprow,spcol,m,colstat);
    else
        rank = nd_gauss_elim_mod(spmat,spsugar,spactive,sprow,spcol,m,colstat);
    r0 = 0;
    for ( i = 0; i < rank; i++ ) {
        NEXTNODE(r0,r); BDY(r) = 
            (pointer)vect_to_ndv(spmat[i],spcol,col,rhead,s0vect);
        SG((NDV)BDY(r)) = spsugar[i];
        GCFREE(spmat[i]);
    }
    if ( r0 ) NEXT(r) = 0;

    for ( ; i < sprow; i++ ) GCFREE(spmat[i]);
    get_eg(&eg2); init_eg(&eg_f4_2); add_eg(&eg_f4_2,&eg1,&eg2);
    init_eg(&eg_f4); add_eg(&eg_f4,&eg0,&eg2);
    if ( DP_Print ) {
        fprintf(asir_out,"elim2=%.3fsec,",eg_f4_2.exectime);
        fprintf(asir_out,"nsp=%d,nred=%d,spmat=(%d,%d),rank=%d ",
            nsp,nred,sprow,spcol,rank);
        fprintf(asir_out,"%.3fsec,",eg_f4.exectime);
    }
    if ( nz ) {
        for ( i = 0; i < rank-1; i++ ) NEXT(spactive[i]) = spactive[i+1];
        if ( rank > 0 ) {
            NEXT(spactive[rank-1]) = 0;
            *nz = spactive[0];
        } else
            *nz = 0;
    }
    return r0;
}

NODE nd_f4_red_main_s(int m,ND_pairs sp0,int nsp,UINT *s0vect,int col,
        NM_ind_pair *rvect,int *rhead,IndArray *imat,int nred,NODE *syzlistp)
{
    int spcol,sprow,a;
    int i,j,k,l,rank;
    NODE r0,r;
    ND_pairs sp;
    ND spol;
    UINT **spmat;
    UINT *svect,*cvect;
    UINT *v;
    int *colstat;
    struct oEGT eg0,eg1,eg2,eg_f4,eg_f4_1,eg_f4_2;
    int maxrs;
    int *spsugar;
    ND_pairs *spactive;
    SIG *spsig;

    get_eg(&eg0);
    /* elimination (1st step) */
    spmat = (UINT **)MALLOC(nsp*sizeof(UINT *));
    spsugar = (int *)MALLOC(nsp*sizeof(int));
    spsig = (SIG *)MALLOC(nsp*sizeof(SIG));
    for ( a = sprow = 0, sp = sp0; a < nsp; a++, sp = NEXT(sp) ) {
        nd_sp(m,0,sp,&spol);
        if ( !spol ) {
          syzlistp[sp->sig->pos] = insert_sig(syzlistp[sp->sig->pos],sp->sig);
          continue;
        }
        svect = (UINT *)MALLOC(col*sizeof(UINT));
        nd_to_vect(m,s0vect,col,spol,svect);
        maxrs = ndv_reduce_vect(m,svect,col,imat,rvect,nred,spol->sig);
        for ( i = 0; i < col; i++ ) if ( svect[i] ) break;
        if ( i < col ) {
            spmat[sprow] = svect;
            spsugar[sprow] = MAX(maxrs,SG(spol));
            spsig[sprow] = sp->sig;
            sprow++;
        } else {
          syzlistp[sp->sig->pos] = insert_sig(syzlistp[sp->sig->pos],sp->sig);
        }
        nd_free(spol);
    }
    get_eg(&eg1); init_eg(&eg_f4_1); add_eg(&eg_f4_1,&eg0,&eg1); add_eg(&f4_elim1,&eg0,&eg1);
    if ( DP_Print ) {
        fprintf(asir_out,"elim1=%.3fsec,",eg_f4_1.exectime);
        fflush(asir_out);
    }
    /* free index arrays */
    for ( i = 0; i < nred; i++ ) GCFREE(imat[i]->index.c);

    /* elimination (2nd step) */
    colstat = (int *)MALLOC(col*sizeof(int));
    rank = nd_gauss_elim_mod_s(spmat,spsugar,0,sprow,col,m,colstat,spsig);
    r0 = 0;
    for ( i = 0; i < sprow; i++ ) {
        if ( spsugar[i] >= 0 ) {
          NEXTNODE(r0,r);
          BDY(r) = vect_to_ndv_s(spmat[i],col,s0vect);
          SG((NDV)BDY(r)) = spsugar[i];
          ((NDV)BDY(r))->sig = spsig[i];
        } else
          syzlistp[spsig[i]->pos] = insert_sig(syzlistp[spsig[i]->pos],spsig[i]);
        GCFREE(spmat[i]);
    }
    if ( r0 ) NEXT(r) = 0;
    get_eg(&eg2); init_eg(&eg_f4_2); add_eg(&eg_f4_2,&eg1,&eg2); add_eg(&f4_elim2,&eg1,&eg2);
    init_eg(&eg_f4); add_eg(&eg_f4,&eg0,&eg2);
    if ( DP_Print ) {
        fprintf(asir_out,"elim2=%.3fsec,",eg_f4_2.exectime);
        fprintf(asir_out,"nsp=%d,nred=%d,spmat=(%d,%d),rank=%d ",
            nsp,nred,sprow,col,rank);
        fprintf(asir_out,"%.3fsec,",eg_f4.exectime);
    }
    return r0;
}


/* for small finite fields */

NODE nd_f4_red_sf_main(int m,ND_pairs sp0,int nsp,UINT *s0vect,int col,
        NM_ind_pair *rvect,int *rhead,IndArray *imat,int nred,ND_pairs *nz)
{
    int spcol,sprow,a;
    int i,j,k,l,rank;
    NODE r0,r;
    ND_pairs sp;
    ND spol;
    UINT **spmat;
    UINT *svect,*v;
    int *colstat;
    struct oEGT eg0,eg1,eg2,eg_f4,eg_f4_1,eg_f4_2;
    int maxrs;
    int *spsugar;
    ND_pairs *spactive;

    spcol = col-nred;
    get_eg(&eg0);
    /* elimination (1st step) */
    spmat = (UINT **)MALLOC(nsp*sizeof(UINT *));
    svect = (UINT *)MALLOC(col*sizeof(UINT));
    spsugar = (int *)MALLOC(nsp*sizeof(int));
    spactive = !nz?0:(ND_pairs *)MALLOC(nsp*sizeof(ND_pairs));
    for ( a = sprow = 0, sp = sp0; a < nsp; a++, sp = NEXT(sp) ) {
        nd_sp(m,0,sp,&spol);
        if ( !spol ) continue;
        nd_to_vect(m,s0vect,col,spol,svect);
        maxrs = ndv_reduce_vect_sf(m,svect,col,imat,rvect,nred);
        for ( i = 0; i < col; i++ ) if ( svect[i] ) break;
        if ( i < col ) {
            spmat[sprow] = v = (UINT *)MALLOC_ATOMIC(spcol*sizeof(UINT));
            for ( j = k = 0; j < col; j++ )
                if ( !rhead[j] ) v[k++] = svect[j];
            spsugar[sprow] = MAX(maxrs,SG(spol));
            if ( nz )
            spactive[sprow] = sp;
            sprow++;
        }
        nd_free(spol);
    }
    get_eg(&eg1); init_eg(&eg_f4_1); add_eg(&eg_f4_1,&eg0,&eg1);
    if ( DP_Print ) {
        fprintf(asir_out,"elim1=%.3fsec,",eg_f4_1.exectime);
        fflush(asir_out);
    }
    /* free index arrays */
    for ( i = 0; i < nred; i++ ) GCFREE(imat[i]->index.c);

    /* elimination (2nd step) */
    colstat = (int *)MALLOC(spcol*sizeof(int));
    rank = nd_gauss_elim_sf(spmat,spsugar,sprow,spcol,m,colstat);
    r0 = 0;
    for ( i = 0; i < rank; i++ ) {
        NEXTNODE(r0,r); BDY(r) = 
            (pointer)vect_to_ndv(spmat[i],spcol,col,rhead,s0vect);
        SG((NDV)BDY(r)) = spsugar[i];
        GCFREE(spmat[i]);
    }
    if ( r0 ) NEXT(r) = 0;

    for ( ; i < sprow; i++ ) GCFREE(spmat[i]);
    get_eg(&eg2); init_eg(&eg_f4_2); add_eg(&eg_f4_2,&eg1,&eg2);
    init_eg(&eg_f4); add_eg(&eg_f4,&eg0,&eg2);
    if ( DP_Print ) {
        fprintf(asir_out,"elim2=%.3fsec,",eg_f4_2.exectime);
        fprintf(asir_out,"nsp=%d,nred=%d,spmat=(%d,%d),rank=%d ",
            nsp,nred,sprow,spcol,rank);
        fprintf(asir_out,"%.3fsec,",eg_f4.exectime);
    }
    if ( nz ) {
        for ( i = 0; i < rank-1; i++ ) NEXT(spactive[i]) = spactive[i+1];
        if ( rank > 0 ) {
            NEXT(spactive[rank-1]) = 0;
            *nz = spactive[0];
        } else
            *nz = 0;
    }
    return r0;
}

NODE nd_f4_red_lf_main(int m,ND_pairs sp0,int nsp,int trace,UINT *s0vect,int col,
        NM_ind_pair *rvect,int *rhead,IndArray *imat,int nred)
{
    int spcol,sprow,a;
    int i,j,k,l,rank;
    NODE r0,r;
    ND_pairs sp;
    ND spol;
    mpz_t **spmat;
    mpz_t *svect,*v;
    int *colstat;
    struct oEGT eg0,eg1,eg2,eg_f4,eg_f4_1,eg_f4_2;
    int maxrs;
    int *spsugar;
    pointer *w;

    spcol = col-nred;
    get_eg(&eg0);
    /* elimination (1st step) */
    spmat = (mpz_t **)MALLOC(nsp*sizeof(mpz_t *));
    svect = (mpz_t *)MALLOC(col*sizeof(mpz_t));
    spsugar = (int *)MALLOC(nsp*sizeof(int));
    for ( a = sprow = 0, sp = sp0; a < nsp; a++, sp = NEXT(sp) ) {
        nd_sp(m,trace,sp,&spol);
        if ( !spol ) continue;
        nd_to_vect_lf(s0vect,col,spol,svect);
        maxrs = ndv_reduce_vect_lf(svect,trace,col,imat,rvect,nred);
        for ( i = 0; i < col; i++ ) if ( mpz_sgn(svect[i]) ) break;
        if ( i < col ) {
            spmat[sprow] = v = (mpz_t *)MALLOC(spcol*sizeof(mpz_t));
            for ( j = k = 0; j < col; j++ )
                if ( !rhead[j] ) v[k++][0] = svect[j][0];
            spsugar[sprow] = MAX(maxrs,SG(spol));
            sprow++;
        }
/*        nd_free(spol); */
    }
    get_eg(&eg1); init_eg(&eg_f4_1); add_eg(&eg_f4_1,&eg0,&eg1);
    if ( DP_Print ) {
        fprintf(asir_out,"elim1=%.3fsec,",eg_f4_1.exectime);
        fflush(asir_out);
    }
    /* free index arrays */
/*    for ( i = 0; i < nred; i++ ) GCFREE(imat[i]->index.c); */

    /* elimination (2nd step) */
    colstat = (int *)MALLOC(spcol*sizeof(int));
    rank = nd_gauss_elim_lf(spmat,spsugar,sprow,spcol,colstat);
    w = (pointer *)MALLOC(rank*sizeof(pointer));
    for ( i = 0; i < rank; i++ ) {
#if 0
        w[rank-i-1] = (pointer)vect_to_ndv_lf(spmat[i],spcol,col,rhead,s0vect);
        SG((NDV)w[rank-i-1]) = spsugar[i];
#else
        w[i] = (pointer)vect_to_ndv_lf(spmat[i],spcol,col,rhead,s0vect);
        SG((NDV)w[i]) = spsugar[i];
#endif
/*        GCFREE(spmat[i]); */
    
    }
#if 0
    qsort(w,rank,sizeof(NDV),
        (int (*)(const void *,const void *))ndv_compare);
#endif
    r0 = 0;
    for ( i = 0; i < rank; i++ ) {
        NEXTNODE(r0,r); BDY(r) = w[i];
    }
    if ( r0 ) NEXT(r) = 0;

/*    for ( ; i < sprow; i++ ) GCFREE(spmat[i]); */
    get_eg(&eg2); init_eg(&eg_f4_2); add_eg(&eg_f4_2,&eg1,&eg2);
    init_eg(&eg_f4); add_eg(&eg_f4,&eg0,&eg2);
    if ( DP_Print ) {
        fprintf(asir_out,"elim2=%.3fsec,",eg_f4_2.exectime);
        fprintf(asir_out,"nsp=%d,nred=%d,spmat=(%d,%d),rank=%d ",
            nsp,nred,sprow,spcol,rank);
        fprintf(asir_out,"%.3fsec,",eg_f4.exectime);
    }
    return r0;
}

NODE nd_f4_red_q_main(ND_pairs sp0,int nsp,int trace,UINT *s0vect,int col,
        NM_ind_pair *rvect,int *rhead,IndArray *imat,int nred)
{
    int spcol,sprow,a;
    int i,j,k,l,rank;
    NODE r0,r;
    ND_pairs sp;
    ND spol;
    Z **spmat;
    Z *svect,*v;
    int *colstat;
    struct oEGT eg0,eg1,eg2,eg_f4,eg_f4_1,eg_f4_2;
    int maxrs;
    int *spsugar;
    pointer *w;

    spcol = col-nred;
    get_eg(&eg0);
    /* elimination (1st step) */
    spmat = (Z **)MALLOC(nsp*sizeof(Q *));
    svect = (Z *)MALLOC(col*sizeof(Q));
    spsugar = (int *)MALLOC(nsp*sizeof(int));
    for ( a = sprow = 0, sp = sp0; a < nsp; a++, sp = NEXT(sp) ) {
        nd_sp(0,trace,sp,&spol);
        if ( !spol ) continue;
        nd_to_vect_q(s0vect,col,spol,svect);
        maxrs = ndv_reduce_vect_q(svect,trace,col,imat,rvect,nred);
        for ( i = 0; i < col; i++ ) if ( svect[i] ) break;
        if ( i < col ) {
            spmat[sprow] = v = (Z *)MALLOC(spcol*sizeof(Q));
            for ( j = k = 0; j < col; j++ )
                if ( !rhead[j] ) v[k++] = svect[j];
            spsugar[sprow] = MAX(maxrs,SG(spol));
            sprow++;
        }
/*        nd_free(spol); */
    }
    get_eg(&eg1); init_eg(&eg_f4_1); add_eg(&eg_f4_1,&eg0,&eg1);
    if ( DP_Print ) {
        fprintf(asir_out,"elim1=%.3fsec,",eg_f4_1.exectime);
        fflush(asir_out);
    }
    /* free index arrays */
/*    for ( i = 0; i < nred; i++ ) GCFREE(imat[i]->index.c); */

    /* elimination (2nd step) */
    colstat = (int *)MALLOC(spcol*sizeof(int));
    rank = nd_gauss_elim_q(spmat,spsugar,sprow,spcol,colstat);
    w = (pointer *)MALLOC(rank*sizeof(pointer));
    for ( i = 0; i < rank; i++ ) {
#if 0
        w[rank-i-1] = (pointer)vect_to_ndv_q(spmat[i],spcol,col,rhead,s0vect);
        SG((NDV)w[rank-i-1]) = spsugar[i];
#else
        w[i] = (pointer)vect_to_ndv_q(spmat[i],spcol,col,rhead,s0vect);
        SG((NDV)w[i]) = spsugar[i];
#endif
/*        GCFREE(spmat[i]); */
    }
#if 0
    qsort(w,rank,sizeof(NDV),
        (int (*)(const void *,const void *))ndv_compare);
#endif
    r0 = 0;
    for ( i = 0; i < rank; i++ ) {
        NEXTNODE(r0,r); BDY(r) = w[i];
    }
    if ( r0 ) NEXT(r) = 0;

/*    for ( ; i < sprow; i++ ) GCFREE(spmat[i]); */
    get_eg(&eg2); init_eg(&eg_f4_2); add_eg(&eg_f4_2,&eg1,&eg2);
    init_eg(&eg_f4); add_eg(&eg_f4,&eg0,&eg2);
    if ( DP_Print ) {
        fprintf(asir_out,"elim2=%.3fsec,",eg_f4_2.exectime);
        fprintf(asir_out,"nsp=%d,nred=%d,spmat=(%d,%d),rank=%d ",
            nsp,nred,sprow,spcol,rank);
        fprintf(asir_out,"%.3fsec,",eg_f4.exectime);
    }
    return r0;
}

FILE *nd_write,*nd_read;

void nd_send_int(int a) {
    write_int(nd_write,(unsigned int *)&a);
}

void nd_send_intarray(int *p,int len) {
    write_intarray(nd_write,(unsigned int *)p,len);
}

int nd_recv_int() {
    int a;

    read_int(nd_read,(unsigned int *)&a);
    return a;
}

void nd_recv_intarray(int *p,int len) {
    read_intarray(nd_read,(unsigned int *)p,len);
}

void nd_send_ndv(NDV p) {
    int len,i;
    NMV m;

    if ( !p ) nd_send_int(0);
    else {
        len = LEN(p);
        nd_send_int(len);
        m = BDY(p);
        for ( i = 0; i < len; i++, NMV_ADV(m) ) {
            nd_send_int(CM(m));    
            nd_send_intarray((int *)DL(m),nd_wpd);
        }
    }
}

void nd_send_nd(ND p) {
    int len,i;
    NM m;

    if ( !p ) nd_send_int(0);
    else {
        len = LEN(p);
        nd_send_int(len);
        m = BDY(p);
        for ( i = 0; i < len; i++, m = NEXT(m) ) {
            nd_send_int(CM(m));    
            nd_send_intarray((int *)DL(m),nd_wpd);
        }
    }
}

NDV nd_recv_ndv()
{
    int len,i;
    NMV m,m0;
    NDV r;

    len = nd_recv_int();
    if ( !len ) return 0;
    else {
        m0 = m = (NMV)MALLOC_ATOMIC_IGNORE_OFF_PAGE(nmv_adv*len);
#if 0
        ndv_alloc += len*nmv_adv;
#endif
        for ( i = 0; i < len; i++, NMV_ADV(m) ) {
            CM(m) = nd_recv_int();    
            nd_recv_intarray((int *)DL(m),nd_wpd);
        }
        MKNDV(nd_nvar,m0,len,r);
        return r;    
    }
}

int nd_gauss_elim_q(Z **mat0,int *sugar,int row,int col,int *colstat)
{
    int i,j,t,c,rank,inv;
    int *ci,*ri;
    Z dn;
    MAT m,nm;

    NEWMAT(m); m->row = row; m->col = col; m->body = (pointer **)mat0;
    rank = generic_gauss_elim(m,&nm,&dn,&ri,&ci);
    for ( i = 0; i < row; i++ )
        for ( j = 0; j < col; j++ )
            mat0[i][j] = 0;
    c = col-rank;
    for ( i = 0; i < rank; i++ ) {
        mat0[i][ri[i]] = dn;    
        for ( j = 0; j < c; j++ )
            mat0[i][ci[j]] = (Z)BDY(nm)[i][j];
    }
    return rank;
}

int nd_gauss_elim_mod(UINT **mat0,int *sugar,ND_pairs *spactive,int row,int col,int md,int *colstat)
{
    int i,j,k,l,inv,a,rank,s;
    unsigned int *t,*pivot,*pk;
    unsigned int **mat;
    ND_pairs pair;

    mat = (unsigned int **)mat0;
    for ( rank = 0, j = 0; j < col; j++ ) {
        for ( i = rank; i < row; i++ )
            mat[i][j] %= md;
        for ( i = rank; i < row; i++ )
            if ( mat[i][j] )
                break;
        if ( i == row ) {
            colstat[j] = 0;
            continue;
        } else
            colstat[j] = 1;
        if ( i != rank ) {
            t = mat[i]; mat[i] = mat[rank]; mat[rank] = t;
            s = sugar[i]; sugar[i] = sugar[rank]; sugar[rank] = s;
            if ( spactive ) {
                pair = spactive[i]; spactive[i] = spactive[rank]; 
                spactive[rank] = pair;
            }
        }
        pivot = mat[rank];
        s = sugar[rank];
        inv = invm(pivot[j],md);
        for ( k = j, pk = pivot+k; k < col; k++, pk++ )
            if ( *pk ) {
                if ( *pk >= (unsigned int)md )
                    *pk %= md;
                DMAR(*pk,inv,0,md,*pk)
            }
        for ( i = rank+1; i < row; i++ ) {
            t = mat[i];
            if ( (a = t[j]) != 0 ) {
                sugar[i] = MAX(sugar[i],s);
                red_by_vect(md,t+j,pivot+j,md-a,col-j);
            }
        }
        rank++;
    }
    for ( j = col-1, l = rank-1; j >= 0; j-- )
        if ( colstat[j] ) {
            pivot = mat[l];
            s = sugar[l];
            for ( i = 0; i < l; i++ ) {
                t = mat[i];
                t[j] %= md;
                if ( (a = t[j]) != 0 ) {
                    sugar[i] = MAX(sugar[i],s);
                    red_by_vect(md,t+j,pivot+j,md-a,col-j);
                }
            }
            l--;
        }
    for ( j = 0, l = 0; l < rank; j++ )
        if ( colstat[j] ) {
            t = mat[l];
            for ( k = j; k < col; k++ )
                if ( t[k] >= (unsigned int)md )
                    t[k] %= md;
            l++;
        }
    return rank;
}

int nd_gauss_elim_mod_s(UINT **mat,int *sugar,ND_pairs *spactive,int row,int col,int md,int *colstat,SIG *sig)
{
  int i,j,k,l,rank,s,imin;
  UINT inv;
  UINT a;
  UINT *t,*pivot,*pk;
  UINT *ck;
  UINT *ct;
  ND_pairs pair;
  SIG sg;
  int *used;

  used = (int *)MALLOC(row*sizeof(int));
  for ( j = 0; j < col; j++ ) {
    for ( i = 0; i < row; i++ )
      a = mat[i][j] %= md;
    for ( i = 0; i < row; i++ )
      if ( !used[i] && mat[i][j] ) break;
    if ( i == row ) {
      colstat[j] = 0;
      continue;
    } else {
      colstat[j] = 1;
      used[i] = 1;
    }
    /* column j is normalized */
    s = sugar[i];
    inv = invm(mat[i][j],md);
    /* normalize pivot row */
    for ( k = j, pk = mat[i]+j; k < col; k++, pk++, ck++ ) {
      DMAR(*pk,inv,0,md,*pk);
    }
    for ( k = i+1; k < row; k++ ) {
      if ( (a = mat[k][j]) != 0 ) {
        sugar[k] = MAX(sugar[k],s);
        red_by_vect(md,mat[k]+j,mat[i]+j,(int)(md-a),col-j);
        Nf4_red++;
      }
    }
  }
  rank = 0;
  for ( i = 0; i < row; i++ ) {
    for ( j = 0; j < col; j++ )
      if ( mat[i][j] ) break;
    if ( j == col ) sugar[i] = -1;
    else rank++;
  }
  return rank;
}


int nd_gauss_elim_sf(UINT **mat0,int *sugar,int row,int col,int md,int *colstat)
{
    int i,j,k,l,inv,a,rank,s;
    unsigned int *t,*pivot,*pk;
    unsigned int **mat;

    mat = (unsigned int **)mat0;
    for ( rank = 0, j = 0; j < col; j++ ) {
        for ( i = rank; i < row; i++ )
            if ( mat[i][j] )
                break;
        if ( i == row ) {
            colstat[j] = 0;
            continue;
        } else
            colstat[j] = 1;
        if ( i != rank ) {
            t = mat[i]; mat[i] = mat[rank]; mat[rank] = t;
            s = sugar[i]; sugar[i] = sugar[rank]; sugar[rank] = s;
        }
        pivot = mat[rank];
        s = sugar[rank];
        inv = _invsf(pivot[j]);
        for ( k = j, pk = pivot+k; k < col; k++, pk++ )
            if ( *pk )
                *pk = _mulsf(*pk,inv);
        for ( i = rank+1; i < row; i++ ) {
            t = mat[i];
            if ( (a = t[j]) != 0 ) {
                sugar[i] = MAX(sugar[i],s);
                red_by_vect_sf(md,t+j,pivot+j,_chsgnsf(a),col-j);
            }
        }
        rank++;
    }
    for ( j = col-1, l = rank-1; j >= 0; j-- )
        if ( colstat[j] ) {
            pivot = mat[l];
            s = sugar[l];
            for ( i = 0; i < l; i++ ) {
                t = mat[i];
                if ( (a = t[j]) != 0 ) {
                    sugar[i] = MAX(sugar[i],s);
                    red_by_vect_sf(md,t+j,pivot+j,_chsgnsf(a),col-j);
                }
            }
            l--;
        }
    return rank;
}

int ndv_ishomo(NDV p)
{
    NMV m;
    int len,h;

    if ( !p ) return 1;
    len = LEN(p);
    m = BDY(p);
    h = TD(DL(m));
    NMV_ADV(m);
    for ( len--; len; len--, NMV_ADV(m) )
        if ( TD(DL(m)) != h ) {
          return 0;
        }
    return 1;
}

void ndv_save(NDV p,int index)
{
    FILE *s;
    char name[BUFSIZ];
    short id;
    int nv,sugar,len,n,i,td,e,j;
    NMV m;
    unsigned int *dl;
    int mpos;

    sprintf(name,"%s/%d",Demand,index);
    s = fopen(name,"w");
    savevl(s,0);
    if ( !p ) { 
        saveobj(s,0);
        return;
    }
    id = O_DP;
    nv = NV(p);
    sugar = SG(p);
    len = LEN(p);
    write_short(s,(unsigned short *)&id); write_int(s,(unsigned int *)&nv); write_int(s,(unsigned int *)&sugar);
    write_int(s,(unsigned int *)&len);

    for ( m = BDY(p), i = 0; i < len; i++, NMV_ADV(m) ) {
        saveobj(s,(Obj)CZ(m));
        dl = DL(m);
        td = TD(dl);
        write_int(s,(unsigned int *)&td);
        for ( j = 0; j < nv; j++ ) {
            e = GET_EXP(dl,j);    
            write_int(s,(unsigned int *)&e);
        }
        if ( nd_module ) {
            mpos = MPOS(dl); write_int(s,(unsigned int *)&mpos);
        }
    }
    fclose(s);
}

void nd_save_mod(ND p,int index)
{
    FILE *s;
    char name[BUFSIZ];
    int nv,sugar,len,c;
    NM m;

    sprintf(name,"%s/%d",Demand,index);
    s = fopen(name,"w");
    if ( !p ) { 
    len = 0;
      write_int(s,(unsigned int *)&len);
    fclose(s);
        return;
    }
    nv = NV(p);
    sugar = SG(p);
    len = LEN(p);
    write_int(s,(unsigned int *)&nv); write_int(s,(unsigned int *)&sugar); write_int(s,(unsigned int *)&len);
  for ( m = BDY(p); m; m = NEXT(m) ) {
    c = CM(m); write_int(s,(unsigned int *)&c);
    write_intarray(s,(unsigned int *)DL(m),nd_wpd);
  }
    fclose(s);
}

NDV ndv_load(int index)
{
    FILE *s;
    char name[BUFSIZ];
    short id;
    int nv,sugar,len,n,i,td,e,j;
    NDV d;
    NMV m0,m;
    unsigned int *dl;
    Obj obj;
    int mpos;

    sprintf(name,"%s/%d",Demand,index);
    s = fopen(name,"r");
    if ( !s ) return 0;

    skipvl(s);
    read_short(s,(unsigned short *)&id);
    if ( !id ) return 0;
    read_int(s,(unsigned int *)&nv);
    read_int(s,(unsigned int *)&sugar);
    read_int(s,(unsigned int *)&len);

    m0 = m = MALLOC(len*nmv_adv);
    for ( i = 0; i < len; i++, NMV_ADV(m) ) {
        loadobj(s,&obj); CZ(m) = (Z)obj;
        dl = DL(m);
        ndl_zero(dl);
        read_int(s,(unsigned int *)&td); TD(dl) = td;
        for ( j = 0; j < nv; j++ ) {
            read_int(s,(unsigned int *)&e);
            PUT_EXP(dl,j,e);    
        }
        if ( nd_module ) {
            read_int(s,(unsigned int *)&mpos); MPOS(dl) = mpos;
        }
        if ( nd_blockmask ) ndl_weight_mask(dl);
    }
    fclose(s);
    MKNDV(nv,m0,len,d);
    SG(d) = sugar;
    return d;
}

ND nd_load_mod(int index)
{
    FILE *s;
    char name[BUFSIZ];
    int nv,sugar,len,i,c;
  ND d;
    NM m0,m;

    sprintf(name,"%s/%d",Demand,index);
    s = fopen(name,"r");
  /* if the file does not exist, it means p[index]=0 */
    if ( !s ) return 0;

    read_int(s,(unsigned int *)&nv);
  if ( !nv ) { fclose(s); return 0; }

    read_int(s,(unsigned int *)&sugar);
    read_int(s,(unsigned int *)&len);
  for ( m0 = 0, i = 0; i < len; i++ ) {
    NEXTNM(m0,m);
    read_int(s,(unsigned int *)&c); CM(m) = c;
    read_intarray(s,(unsigned int *)DL(m),nd_wpd);
  }
  NEXT(m) = 0;
    MKND(nv,m0,len,d);
    SG(d) = sugar;
  fclose(s);
    return d;
}

void nd_det(int mod,MAT f,P *rp)
{
    VL fv,tv;
    int n,i,j,max,e,nvar,sgn,k0,l0,len0,len,k,l,a;
    pointer **m;
    P **w;
    P mp,r;
    NDV **dm;
    NDV *t,*mi,*mj;
    NDV d,s,mij,mjj;
    ND u;
    NMV nmv;
    UINT *bound;
    PGeoBucket bucket;
    struct order_spec *ord;
    Z dq,dt,ds;
    Z mone;
    Z gn,qn,dn0,nm,dn;

    create_order_spec(0,0,&ord);
    nd_init_ord(ord);
    get_vars((Obj)f,&fv);
    if ( f->row != f->col )
        error("nd_det : non-square matrix");
    n = f->row;
    m = f->body;
    for ( nvar = 0, tv = fv; tv; tv = NEXT(tv), nvar++ );

    if ( !nvar ) {
        if ( !mod )
            detp(CO,(P **)m,n,rp);
        else {
            w = (P **)almat_pointer(n,n);
            for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ )
                for ( j = 0; j < n; j++ )
                    ptomp(mod,(P)m[i][j],&w[i][j]);
            detmp(CO,mod,w,n,&mp);
            mptop(mp,rp);
        }
        return;
    }
    
    if ( !mod ) {
        w = (P **)almat_pointer(n,n);
        dq = ONE;
        for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
            dn0 = ONE;
            for ( j = 0; j < n; j++ ) {
                if ( !m[i][j] ) continue;
                lgp(m[i][j],&nm,&dn);
                gcdz(dn0,dn,&gn); divsz(dn0,gn,&qn); mulz(qn,dn,&dn0);
            }
            if ( !UNIZ(dn0) ) {
                ds = dn0;
                for ( j = 0; j < n; j++ )
                    mulp(CO,(P)m[i][j],(P)ds,&w[i][j]);
                mulz(dq,ds,&dt); dq = dt;
            } else
                for ( j = 0; j < n; j++ )
                    w[i][j] = (P)m[i][j];
        }
        m = (pointer **)w;
    }

    for ( i = 0, max = 1; i < n; i++ )
        for ( j = 0; j < n; j++ )
            for ( tv = fv; tv; tv = NEXT(tv) ) {
                e = getdeg(tv->v,(P)m[i][j]);
                max = MAX(e,max);
            }
    nd_setup_parameters(nvar,max);
    dm = (NDV **)almat_pointer(n,n);
    for ( i = 0, max = 1; i < n; i++ )
        for ( j = 0; j < n; j++ ) {
            dm[i][j] = ptondv(CO,fv,m[i][j]);
            if ( mod ) ndv_mod(mod,dm[i][j]);
            if ( dm[i][j] && !LEN(dm[i][j]) ) dm[i][j] = 0;
        }
    d = ptondv(CO,fv,(P)ONE);
    if ( mod ) ndv_mod(mod,d);
    chsgnz(ONE,&mone);
    for ( j = 0, sgn = 1; j < n; j++ ) {
      if ( DP_Print ) {
        fprintf(asir_out,".");
      }
        for ( i = j; i < n && !dm[i][j]; i++ );
        if ( i == n ) {
            *rp = 0;
            return;
        }
        k0 = i; l0 = j; len0 = LEN(dm[k0][l0]);
        for ( k = j; k < n; k++ )
            for ( l = j; l < n; l++ )
                if ( dm[k][l] && LEN(dm[k][l]) < len0 ) {
                    k0 = k; l0 = l; len0 = LEN(dm[k][l]);
                }
        if ( k0 != j ) {
            t = dm[j]; dm[j] = dm[k0]; dm[k0] = t;
            sgn = -sgn;
        }
        if ( l0 != j ) {
            for ( k = j; k < n; k++ ) {
                s = dm[k][j]; dm[k][j] = dm[k][l0]; dm[k][l0] = s;
            }
            sgn = -sgn;
        }
        bound = nd_det_compute_bound(dm,n,j);
        for ( k = 0; k < nd_nvar; k++ )
            if ( bound[k]*2 > nd_mask0 ) break;
        if ( k < nd_nvar )
            nd_det_reconstruct(dm,n,j,d);

        for ( i = j+1, mj = dm[j], mjj = mj[j]; i < n; i++ ) {
/*            if ( DP_Print ) fprintf(asir_out,"    i=%d\n        ",i); */
            mi = dm[i]; mij = mi[j];
            if ( mod )
                ndv_mul_c(mod,mij,mod-1);
            else
                ndv_mul_c_q(mij,mone);
            for ( k = j+1; k < n; k++ ) {
/*                if ( DP_Print ) fprintf(asir_out,"k=%d ",k); */
                bucket = create_pbucket();
                if ( mi[k] ) {
                    nmv = BDY(mjj); len = LEN(mjj);
                    for ( a = 0; a < len; a++, NMV_ADV(nmv) ) {
                        u = ndv_mul_nmv_trunc(mod,nmv,mi[k],DL(BDY(d)));
                        add_pbucket(mod,bucket,u);
                    }
                }
                if ( mj[k] && mij ) {
                    nmv = BDY(mij); len = LEN(mij);
                    for ( a = 0; a < len; a++, NMV_ADV(nmv) ) {
                        u = ndv_mul_nmv_trunc(mod,nmv,mj[k],DL(BDY(d)));
                        add_pbucket(mod,bucket,u);
                    }
                }
                u = nd_quo(mod,bucket,d);
                mi[k] = ndtondv(mod,u);
            }
/*            if ( DP_Print ) fprintf(asir_out,"\n",k); */
        }
        d = mjj;
    }
    if ( DP_Print ) {
      fprintf(asir_out,"\n");
    }
    if ( sgn < 0 ) {
        if ( mod )
            ndv_mul_c(mod,d,mod-1);
        else
            ndv_mul_c_q(d,mone);
    }
    r = ndvtop(mod,CO,fv,d);
    if ( !mod && !UNIQ(dq) )
        divsp(CO,r,(P)dq,rp);
    else
        *rp = r;
}

ND ndv_mul_nmv_trunc(int mod,NMV m0,NDV p,UINT *d)
{
    NM mr,mr0;
    NM tnm;
    NMV m;
    UINT *d0,*dt,*dm;
    int c,n,td,i,c1,c2,len;
    Z q;
    ND r;

    if ( !p ) return 0;
    else {
        n = NV(p); m = BDY(p); len = LEN(p);
        d0 = DL(m0);
        td = TD(d);
        mr0 = 0;
        NEWNM(tnm);
        if ( mod ) {
            c = CM(m0);
            for ( i = 0; i < len; i++, NMV_ADV(m) ) {
                ndl_add(DL(m),d0,DL(tnm));
                if ( ndl_reducible(DL(tnm),d) ) {
                    NEXTNM(mr0,mr);
                    c1 = CM(m); DMAR(c1,c,0,mod,c2); CM(mr) = c2;
                    ndl_copy(DL(tnm),DL(mr));
                }
            }
        } else {
            q = CZ(m0);
            for ( i = 0; i < len; i++, NMV_ADV(m) ) {
                ndl_add(DL(m),d0,DL(tnm));
                if ( ndl_reducible(DL(tnm),d) ) {
                    NEXTNM(mr0,mr);
                    mulz(CZ(m),q,&CZ(mr));
                    ndl_copy(DL(tnm),DL(mr));
                }
            }
        }
        if ( !mr0 )
            return 0;
        else {
            NEXT(mr) = 0; 
            for ( len = 0, mr = mr0; mr; mr = NEXT(mr), len++ );
            MKND(NV(p),mr0,len,r);
            SG(r) = SG(p) + TD(d0);
            return r;
        }
    }
}

void nd_det_reconstruct(NDV **dm,int n,int j,NDV d)
{
    int i,obpe,oadv,h,k,l;
    static NM prev_nm_free_list;
    EPOS oepos;

    obpe = nd_bpe;
    oadv = nmv_adv;
    oepos = nd_epos;
    if ( obpe < 2 ) nd_bpe = 2;
    else if ( obpe < 3 ) nd_bpe = 3;
    else if ( obpe < 4 ) nd_bpe = 4;
    else if ( obpe < 5 ) nd_bpe = 5;
    else if ( obpe < 6 ) nd_bpe = 6;
    else if ( obpe < 8 ) nd_bpe = 8;
    else if ( obpe < 10 ) nd_bpe = 10;
    else if ( obpe < 16 ) nd_bpe = 16;
    else if ( obpe < 32 ) nd_bpe = 32;
    else error("nd_det_reconstruct : exponent too large");

    nd_setup_parameters(nd_nvar,0);
    prev_nm_free_list = _nm_free_list;
    _nm_free_list = 0;
    for ( k = j; k < n; k++ )
        for (l = j; l < n; l++ )
            ndv_realloc(dm[k][l],obpe,oadv,oepos);
    ndv_realloc(d,obpe,oadv,oepos);
    prev_nm_free_list = 0;
#if 0
    GC_gcollect();
#endif
}

/* returns a UINT array containing degree bounds */

UINT *nd_det_compute_bound(NDV **dm,int n,int j)
{
    UINT *d0,*d1,*d,*t,*r;
    int k,l,i;

    d0 = (UINT *)MALLOC(nd_nvar*sizeof(UINT));
    for ( k = 0; k < nd_nvar; k++ ) d0[k] = 0;
    for ( k = j; k < n; k++ )
        for ( l = j; l < n; l++ )
            if ( dm[k][l] ) {
                d = ndv_compute_bound(dm[k][l]);
                for ( i = 0; i < nd_nvar; i++ )
                    d0[i] = MAX(d0[i],d[i]);
            }
    return d0;
}

DL nd_separate_d(UINT *d,UINT *trans)
{
    int n,td,i,e,j;
    DL a;

    ndl_zero(trans);
    td = 0;
    for ( i = 0; i < nd_ntrans; i++ ) {
        e = GET_EXP(d,i);
        PUT_EXP(trans,i,e);
        td += MUL_WEIGHT(e,i);
    }
    if ( nd_ntrans+nd_nalg < nd_nvar ) {
        /* homogenized */
        i = nd_nvar-1;
        e = GET_EXP(d,i);
        PUT_EXP(trans,i,e);
        td += MUL_WEIGHT(e,i);
    }
    TD(trans) = td;
    if ( nd_blockmask) ndl_weight_mask(trans);
    NEWDL(a,nd_nalg);
    td = 0;
    for ( i = 0; i < nd_nalg; i++ ) {
        j = nd_ntrans+i;
        e = GET_EXP(d,j);
        a->d[i] = e;
        td += e;
    }
    a->td = td;
    return a;
}

int nd_monic(int mod,ND *p)
{
    UINT *trans,*t;
    DL alg;
    MP mp0,mp;
    NM m,m0,m1,ma0,ma,mb,mr0,mr;
    ND r;
    DL dl;
    DP nm;
    NDV ndv;
    DAlg inv,cd;
    ND s,c;
    Z l,mul;
    Z ln;
    int n,ntrans,i,e,td,is_lc,len;
    NumberField nf;
    struct oEGT eg0,eg1;

    if ( !(nf = get_numberfield()) )
        error("nd_monic : current_numberfield is not set");

    /* Q coef -> DAlg coef */
    NEWNM(ma0); ma = ma0;
    m = BDY(*p); 
    is_lc = 1;
    while ( 1 ) {
        NEWMP(mp0); mp = mp0;
        mp->c = (Obj)CZ(m);
        mp->dl = nd_separate_d(DL(m),DL(ma));
        NEWNM(mb);
        for ( m = NEXT(m); m; m = NEXT(m) ) {
            alg = nd_separate_d(DL(m),DL(mb));
            if ( !ndl_equal(DL(ma),DL(mb)) )
                break;
            NEXTMP(mp0,mp); mp->c = (Obj)CZ(m); mp->dl = alg;
        }
        NEXT(mp) = 0;
        MKDP(nd_nalg,mp0,nm);
        MKDAlg(nm,ONE,cd);
        if ( is_lc == 1 ) {
            /* if the lc is a rational number, we have nothing to do */
            if ( !mp0->dl->td )
                return 1;

            get_eg(&eg0);
            invdalg(cd,&inv);
            get_eg(&eg1); add_eg(&eg_invdalg,&eg0,&eg1);
            /* check the validity of inv */
            if ( mod && !remqi((Q)inv->dn,mod) )
                return 0;
            CA(ma) = nf->one;
            is_lc = 0;
            ln = ONE;
        } else {
            muldalg(cd,inv,&CA(ma));    
            lcmz(ln,CA(ma)->dn,&ln);
        }
        if ( m ) {
            NEXT(ma) = mb; ma = mb;
        } else {
            NEXT(ma) = 0;
            break;
        }
    }
    /* l = lcm(denoms) */
    l = ln;
    for ( mr0 = 0, m = ma0; m; m = NEXT(m) ) {
        divsz(l,CA(m)->dn,&mul);
        for ( mp = BDY(CA(m)->nm); mp; mp = NEXT(mp) ) {
            NEXTNM(mr0,mr);
            mulz((Z)mp->c,mul,&CZ(mr));
            dl = mp->dl;
            td = TD(DL(m));
            ndl_copy(DL(m),DL(mr));
            for ( i = 0; i < nd_nalg; i++ ) {
                e = dl->d[i];
                PUT_EXP(DL(mr),i+nd_ntrans,e);
                td += MUL_WEIGHT(e,i+nd_ntrans);
            }
            if ( nd_module ) MPOS(DL(mr)) = MPOS(DL(m));
            TD(DL(mr)) = td;
            if ( nd_blockmask) ndl_weight_mask(DL(mr));
        }
    }
    NEXT(mr) = 0;
    for ( len = 0, mr = mr0; mr; mr = NEXT(mr), len++ );
    MKND(NV(*p),mr0,len,r);
    /* XXX */
    SG(r) = SG(*p);
    nd_free(*p);
    *p = r;
    return 1;
}

NODE reverse_node(NODE n)
{
    NODE t,t1;

    for ( t = 0; n; n = NEXT(n) ) {
        MKNODE(t1,BDY(n),t); t = t1;
    }
    return t;
}

P ndc_div(int mod,union oNDC a,union oNDC b)
{
    union oNDC c;
    int inv,t;

    if ( mod == -1 ) c.m = _mulsf(a.m,_invsf(b.m));
    else if ( mod == -2 ) divlf(a.z,b.z,&c.z);
    else if ( mod ) {
        inv = invm(b.m,mod);
        DMAR(a.m,inv,0,mod,t); c.m = t;
    } else if ( nd_vc )
       divsp(nd_vc,a.p,b.p,&c.p);
    else
       divsz(a.z,b.z,&c.z);
    return ndctop(mod,c);
}

P ndctop(int mod,union oNDC c)
{
    Z q;
    int e;
    GFS gfs;

    if ( mod == -1 ) {
        e = IFTOF(c.m); MKGFS(e,gfs); return (P)gfs;
    } else if ( mod == -2 ) {
       q = c.z; return (P)q;
    } else if ( mod > 0 ) {
        STOZ(c.m,q); return (P)q;
    } else
        return (P)c.p;
}

/* [0,0,0,cont] = p -> p/cont */

void finalize_tracelist(int i,P cont)
{
 LIST l;
 NODE node;
 Z iq;

  if ( !UNIQ(cont) ) {
    node = mknode(4,NULLP,NULLP,NULLP,cont);
    MKLIST(l,node); MKNODE(node,l,nd_tracelist);
    nd_tracelist = node;
  }
  STOZ(i,iq);
  nd_tracelist = reverse_node(nd_tracelist);
  MKLIST(l,nd_tracelist);
  node = mknode(2,iq,l); MKLIST(l,node);
  MKNODE(node,l,nd_alltracelist); MKLIST(l,node);
  nd_alltracelist = node; nd_tracelist = 0;
}

void conv_ilist(int demand,int trace,NODE g,int **indp)
{
    int n,i,j;
  int *ind;
  NODE t;

    n = length(g);
  ind = (int *)MALLOC(n*sizeof(int));
  for ( i = 0, t = g; i < n; i++, t = NEXT(t) ) {
    j = (long)BDY(t); ind[i] = j;
    BDY(t) = (pointer)(demand?ndv_load(j):(trace?nd_ps_trace[j]:nd_ps[j]));
  }
  if ( indp ) *indp = ind;
}

NODE conv_ilist_s(int demand,int trace,int **indp)
{
  int n,i,j;
  int *ind;
  NODE g0,g;

  n = nd_psn;
  ind = (int *)MALLOC(n*sizeof(int));
  g0 = 0;
  for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
    ind[i] = i;
    NEXTNODE(g0,g);
    BDY(g) = (pointer)(demand?ndv_load(i):(trace?nd_ps_trace[i]:nd_ps[i]));
  }
  if ( g0 ) NEXT(g) = 0;
  if ( indp ) *indp = ind;
  return g0;
}

void parse_nd_option(VL vl,NODE opt)
{
  NODE t,p,u;
  int i,s,n;
  char *key;
  Obj value;
  VL oldvl;

  nd_gentrace = 0; nd_gensyz = 0; nd_nora = 0; nd_norb = 0; nd_gbblock = 0;
  nd_newelim = 0; nd_intersect = 0; nd_nzlist = 0;
  nd_splist = 0; nd_check_splist = 0;
  nd_sugarweight = 0; nd_f4red =0; nd_rank0 = 0;
  nd_f4_td = 0; nd_sba_f4step = 2; nd_sba_pot = 0; nd_sba_largelcm = 0;
  nd_sba_dontsort = 0; nd_top = 0; nd_sba_redundant_check = 0;
  nd_sba_syz = 0; nd_sba_modord = 0; nd_sba_inputisgb = 0;

  for ( t = opt; t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
    p = BDY((LIST)BDY(t));
    key = BDY((STRING)BDY(p));
    value = (Obj)BDY(NEXT(p));
    if ( !strcmp(key,"gentrace") )
      nd_gentrace = value?1:0;
    else if ( !strcmp(key,"gensyz") )
      nd_gensyz = value?1:0;
    else if ( !strcmp(key,"nora") )
      nd_nora = value?1:0;
    else if ( !strcmp(key,"norb") )
      nd_norb = value?1:0;
    else if ( !strcmp(key,"gbblock") ) {
      if ( value && OID(value) == O_LIST ) {
        u = BDY((LIST)value);
        nd_gbblock = MALLOC((2*length(u)+1)*sizeof(int));
        for ( i = 0; u; u = NEXT(u) ) {
          p = BDY((LIST)BDY(u));
          s = nd_gbblock[i++] = ZTOS((Q)BDY(p));
          nd_gbblock[i++] = s+ZTOS((Q)BDY(NEXT(p)))-1;
        }
        nd_gbblock[i] = -1;
      } else
        nd_gbblock = 0;
    } else if ( !strcmp(key,"newelim") )
            nd_newelim = value?1:0;
    else if ( !strcmp(key,"intersect") )
            nd_intersect = value?1:0;
    else if ( !strcmp(key,"syzgen") )
            nd_intersect = ZTOS((Q)value);
    else if ( !strcmp(key,"lf") )
            nd_lf = value?1:0;
    else if ( !strcmp(key,"trace") ) {
      if ( value ) {
        u = BDY((LIST)value);
        nd_nzlist = BDY((LIST)ARG2(u));
        nd_bpe = ZTOS((Q)ARG3(u));
      }
    } else if ( !strcmp(key,"f4red") ) {
      nd_f4red = ZTOS((Q)value);
    } else if ( !strcmp(key,"rank0") ) {
      nd_rank0 = value?1:0;
    } else if ( !strcmp(key,"splist") ) {
      nd_splist = value?1:0;
    } else if ( !strcmp(key,"check_splist") ) {
      nd_check_splist = BDY((LIST)value);
    } else if ( !strcmp(key,"sugarweight") ) {
      u = BDY((LIST)value);
      n = length(u);
      nd_sugarweight = MALLOC(n*sizeof(int));
      for ( i = 0; i < n; i++, u = NEXT(u) ) 
        nd_sugarweight[i] = ZTOS((Q)BDY(u));
    } else if ( !strcmp(key,"f4_td") ) {
      nd_f4_td = value?1:0;
    } else if ( !strcmp(key,"sba_f4step") ) {
      nd_sba_f4step = value?ZTOS((Q)value):0;
    } else if ( !strcmp(key,"sba_pot") ) {
      nd_sba_pot = ZTOS((Q)value);
    } else if ( !strcmp(key,"sba_largelcm") ) {
      nd_sba_largelcm = value?1:0;
    } else if ( !strcmp(key,"sba_dontsort") ) {
      nd_sba_dontsort = value?1:0;
    } else if ( !strcmp(key,"sba_syz") ) {
      nd_sba_syz = value?1:0;
    } else if ( !strcmp(key,"sba_modord") ) {
      // value=[vlist,ordspec,weight]
      u = BDY((LIST)value);
      pltovl((LIST)ARG0(u),&oldvl);
      nd_sba_modord = create_comp_sig_spec(vl,oldvl,(Obj)ARG1(u),argc(u)==3?ARG2(u):0);
    } else if ( !strcmp(key,"sba_gbinput") ) {
      nd_sba_inputisgb = value?1:0;
      if ( nd_sba_inputisgb != 0 ) {
        // value=[vlist,ordspec,weight]
        u = BDY((LIST)value);
        pltovl((LIST)ARG0(u),&oldvl);
        nd_sba_modord = create_comp_sig_spec(vl,oldvl,(Obj)ARG1(u),argc(u)==3?ARG2(u):0);
      }
    } else if ( !strcmp(key,"sba_redundant_check") ) {
      nd_sba_redundant_check = value?1:0;
    } else if ( !strcmp(key,"top") ) {
      nd_top = value?1:0;
    }
  }
  if ( nd_sba_syz ) nd_sba_dontsort = 1;
}

ND mdptond(DP d);
ND nd_mul_nm(int mod,NM m0,ND p);
ND nd_mul_nm_lf(NM m0,ND p);
ND *btog(NODE ti,ND **p,int nb,int mod);
ND btog_one(NODE ti,ND *p,int nb,int mod);
MAT nd_btog(LIST f,LIST v,int m,struct order_spec *ord,LIST tlist,MAT *rp);
VECT nd_btog_one(LIST f,LIST v,int m,struct order_spec *ord,LIST tlist,int pos,MAT *rp);

/* d:monomial */
ND mdptond(DP d)
{
  NM m;
  ND r;

  if ( OID(d) == 1 )
  r = ptond(CO,CO,(P)d);
  else {
    NEWNM(m);
    dltondl(NV(d),BDY(d)->dl,DL(m));
    CZ(m) = (Z)BDY(d)->c;
    NEXT(m) = 0;
    MKND(NV(d),m,1,r);
  }
    return r;
}

ND nd_mul_nm(int mod,NM m0,ND p)
{
  UINT *d0;
  int c0,c1,c;
  NM tm,mr,mr0;
  ND r;

  if ( !p ) return 0;
  d0 = DL(m0);
  c0 = CM(m0);
  mr0 = 0;
  for ( tm = BDY(p); tm; tm = NEXT(tm) ) {
    NEXTNM(mr0,mr);
  c = CM(tm); DMAR(c0,c,0,mod,c1); CM(mr) = c1;
  ndl_add(d0,DL(tm),DL(mr));
  }
  NEXT(mr) = 0;
  MKND(NV(p),mr0,LEN(p),r);
  return r;
}

ND nd_mul_nm_lf(NM m0,ND p)
{
  UINT *d0;
  Z c0,c1,c;
  NM tm,mr,mr0;
  ND r;

  if ( !p ) return 0;
  d0 = DL(m0);
  c0 = CZ(m0);
  mr0 = 0;
  for ( tm = BDY(p); tm; tm = NEXT(tm) ) {
    NEXTNM(mr0,mr);
    c = CZ(tm); mullf(c0,CZ(tm),&c1); CZ(mr) = c1;
    ndl_add(d0,DL(tm),DL(mr));
  }
  NEXT(mr) = 0;
  MKND(NV(p),mr0,LEN(p),r);
  return r;
}

ND *btog(NODE ti,ND **p,int nb,int mod)
{
  PGeoBucket *r;
  int i,ci;
  NODE t,s;
  ND m,tp;
  ND *pi,*rd;
  P c;

  r = (PGeoBucket *)MALLOC(nb*sizeof(PGeoBucket));
  for ( i = 0; i < nb; i++ )
    r[i] = create_pbucket();
  for ( t = ti; t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
  s = BDY((LIST)BDY(t));
    if ( ARG0(s) ) {
    m = mdptond((DP)ARG2(s));
    ptomp(mod,(P)HCZ(m),&c);
    if ( (ci = ((MQ)c)->cont) != 0 ) {
      HCM(m) = ci;
      pi = p[ZTOS((Q)ARG1(s))];
      for ( i = 0; i < nb; i++ ) {
      tp = nd_mul_nm(mod,BDY(m),pi[i]);
        add_pbucket(mod,r[i],tp);
      }
    }
    ci = 1;
    } else {
    ptomp(mod,(P)ARG3(s),&c); ci = ((MQ)c)->cont;
    ci = invm(ci,mod);
  }
  }
  rd = (ND *)MALLOC(nb*sizeof(ND));
  for ( i = 0; i < nb; i++ )
  rd[i] = normalize_pbucket(mod,r[i]);
  if ( ci != 1 )
    for ( i = 0; i < nb; i++ ) nd_mul_c(mod,rd[i],ci);
   return rd;
}

/* YYY */
ND *btog_lf(NODE ti,ND **p,int nb)
{
  PGeoBucket *r;
  int i;
  NODE t,s;
  ND m,tp;
  ND *pi,*rd;
  LM lm;
  Z lf,c;

  r = (PGeoBucket *)MALLOC(nb*sizeof(PGeoBucket));
  for ( i = 0; i < nb; i++ )
    r[i] = create_pbucket();
  for ( t = ti; t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
    s = BDY((LIST)BDY(t));
    if ( ARG0(s) ) {
      m = mdptond((DP)ARG2(s));
      simp_ff((Obj)HCZ(m),(Obj *)&lm);
      if ( lm ) {
        lmtolf(lm,&lf); HCZ(m) = lf;
        pi = p[ZTOS((Q)ARG1(s))];
        for ( i = 0; i < nb; i++ ) {
          tp = nd_mul_nm_lf(BDY(m),pi[i]);
          add_pbucket(-2,r[i],tp);
        }
      }
      c = ONE;
    } else {
      simp_ff((Obj)ARG3(s),(Obj *)&lm); lmtolf(lm,&lf); invz(lf,current_mod_lf,&c);
    }
  }
  rd = (ND *)MALLOC(nb*sizeof(ND));
  for ( i = 0; i < nb; i++ )
    rd[i] = normalize_pbucket(-2,r[i]);
  for ( i = 0; i < nb; i++ ) nd_mul_c_lf(rd[i],c);
  return rd;
}

ND btog_one(NODE ti,ND *p,int nb,int mod)
{
  PGeoBucket r;
  int i,ci,j;
  NODE t,s;
  ND m,tp;
  ND pi,rd;
  P c;

  r = create_pbucket();
  for ( t = ti; t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
  s = BDY((LIST)BDY(t));
    if ( ARG0(s) ) {
    m = mdptond((DP)ARG2(s));
    ptomp(mod,(P)HCZ(m),&c);
    if ( (ci = ((MQ)c)->cont) != 0 ) {
      HCM(m) = ci;
      pi = p[j=ZTOS((Q)ARG1(s))];
    if ( !pi ) {
      pi = nd_load_mod(j);
      tp = nd_mul_nm(mod,BDY(m),pi);
      nd_free(pi);
        add_pbucket(mod,r,tp);
    } else {
      tp = nd_mul_nm(mod,BDY(m),pi);
        add_pbucket(mod,r,tp);
      }
    }
    ci = 1;
    } else {
    ptomp(mod,(P)ARG3(s),&c); ci = ((MQ)c)->cont;
    ci = invm(ci,mod);
  }
  }
  rd = normalize_pbucket(mod,r);
  free_pbucket(r);
  if ( ci != 1 ) nd_mul_c(mod,rd,ci);
  return rd;
}

MAT nd_btog_lf(LIST f,LIST v,struct order_spec *ord,LIST tlist,MAT *rp);

MAT nd_btog(LIST f,LIST v,int mod,struct order_spec *ord,LIST tlist,MAT *rp)
{
  int i,j,n,m,nb,pi0,pi1,nvar;
  VL fv,tv,vv;
  NODE permtrace,perm,trace,intred,ind,t,pi,ti;
  ND **p;
  ND *c;
  ND u;
  P inv;
  MAT mat;

  if ( mod == -2 )
    return nd_btog_lf(f,v,ord,tlist,rp);

  get_vars((Obj)f,&fv); pltovl(v,&vv); vlminus(fv,vv,&nd_vc);
  parse_nd_option(vv,current_option);
  for ( nvar = 0, tv = vv; tv; tv = NEXT(tv), nvar++ );
  switch ( ord->id ) {
    case 1:
      if ( ord->nv != nvar )
        error("nd_check : invalid order specification");
      break;
    default:
      break;
  }
  nd_init_ord(ord);
#if 0
  nd_bpe = ZTOS((Q)ARG7(BDY(tlist)));
#else
  nd_bpe = 32;
#endif
  nd_setup_parameters(nvar,0);
  permtrace = BDY((LIST)ARG2(BDY(tlist))); 
  intred = BDY((LIST)ARG3(BDY(tlist))); 
  ind = BDY((LIST)ARG4(BDY(tlist)));
  perm = BDY((LIST)BDY(permtrace)); trace =NEXT(permtrace);
  for ( i = length(perm)-1, t = trace; t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
    j = ZTOS((Q)BDY(BDY((LIST)BDY(t))));
  if ( j > i ) i = j;
  }
  n = i+1;
  nb = length(BDY(f));
  p = (ND **)MALLOC(n*sizeof(ND *));
  for ( t = perm, i = 0; t; t = NEXT(t), i++ ) {
    pi = BDY((LIST)BDY(t)); 
    pi0 = ZTOS((Q)ARG0(pi)); pi1 = ZTOS((Q)ARG1(pi));
    p[pi0] = c = (ND *)MALLOC(nb*sizeof(ND));
    ptomp(mod,(P)ARG2(pi),&inv);
    ((MQ)inv)->cont = invm(((MQ)inv)->cont,mod);
    u = ptond(CO,vv,(P)ONE);
    HCM(u) = ((MQ)inv)->cont;
    c[pi1] = u;
  }
  for ( t = trace,i=0; t; t = NEXT(t), i++ ) {
    printf("%d ",i); fflush(stdout);
    ti = BDY((LIST)BDY(t));
    p[j=ZTOS((Q)ARG0(ti))] = btog(BDY((LIST)ARG1(ti)),p,nb,mod);
  }
  for ( t = intred, i=0; t; t = NEXT(t), i++ ) {
    printf("%d ",i); fflush(stdout);
    ti = BDY((LIST)BDY(t));
    p[j=ZTOS((Q)ARG0(ti))] = btog(BDY((LIST)ARG1(ti)),p,nb,mod);
  }
  m = length(ind);
  MKMAT(mat,nb,m);
  for ( j = 0, t = ind; j < m; j++, t = NEXT(t) ) 
    for ( i = 0, c = p[ZTOS((Q)BDY(t))]; i < nb; i++ ) 
      BDY(mat)[i][j] = ndtodp(mod,c[i]);
  return mat;
}

MAT nd_btog_lf(LIST f,LIST v,struct order_spec *ord,LIST tlist,MAT *rp)
{
  int i,j,n,m,nb,pi0,pi1,nvar;
  VL fv,tv,vv;
  NODE permtrace,perm,trace,intred,ind,t,pi,ti;
  ND **p;
  ND *c;
  ND u;
  MAT mat;
  LM lm;
  Z lf,inv;

  get_vars((Obj)f,&fv); pltovl(v,&vv); vlminus(fv,vv,&nd_vc);
  parse_nd_option(vv,current_option);
  for ( nvar = 0, tv = vv; tv; tv = NEXT(tv), nvar++ );
  switch ( ord->id ) {
    case 1:
      if ( ord->nv != nvar )
        error("nd_check : invalid order specification");
      break;
    default:
      break;
  }
  nd_init_ord(ord);
#if 0
  nd_bpe = ZTOS((Q)ARG7(BDY(tlist)));
#else
  nd_bpe = 32;
#endif
  nd_setup_parameters(nvar,0);
  permtrace = BDY((LIST)ARG2(BDY(tlist))); 
  intred = BDY((LIST)ARG3(BDY(tlist))); 
  ind = BDY((LIST)ARG4(BDY(tlist)));
  perm = BDY((LIST)BDY(permtrace)); trace =NEXT(permtrace);
  for ( i = length(perm)-1, t = trace; t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
    j = ZTOS((Q)BDY(BDY((LIST)BDY(t))));
  if ( j > i ) i = j;
  }
  n = i+1;
  nb = length(BDY(f));
  p = (ND **)MALLOC(n*sizeof(ND *));
  for ( t = perm, i = 0; t; t = NEXT(t), i++ ) {
    pi = BDY((LIST)BDY(t)); 
    pi0 = ZTOS((Q)ARG0(pi)); pi1 = ZTOS((Q)ARG1(pi));
    p[pi0] = c = (ND *)MALLOC(nb*sizeof(ND));
    simp_ff((Obj)ARG2(pi),(Obj *)&lm); lmtolf(lm,&lf); invz(lf,current_mod_lf,&inv);
    u = ptond(CO,vv,(P)ONE);
    HCZ(u) = inv;
    c[pi1] = u;
  }
  for ( t = trace,i=0; t; t = NEXT(t), i++ ) {
    printf("%d ",i); fflush(stdout);
    ti = BDY((LIST)BDY(t));
    p[j=ZTOS((Q)ARG0(ti))] = btog_lf(BDY((LIST)ARG1(ti)),p,nb);
  }
  for ( t = intred, i=0; t; t = NEXT(t), i++ ) {
    printf("%d ",i); fflush(stdout);
    ti = BDY((LIST)BDY(t));
    p[j=ZTOS((Q)ARG0(ti))] = btog_lf(BDY((LIST)ARG1(ti)),p,nb);
  }
  m = length(ind);
  MKMAT(mat,nb,m);
  for ( j = 0, t = ind; j < m; j++, t = NEXT(t) ) 
    for ( i = 0, c = p[ZTOS((Q)BDY(t))]; i < nb; i++ ) 
      BDY(mat)[i][j] = ndtodp(-2,c[i]);
  return mat;
}

VECT nd_btog_one(LIST f,LIST v,int mod,struct order_spec *ord,
  LIST tlist,int pos,MAT *rp)
{
  int i,j,n,m,nb,pi0,pi1,nvar;
  VL fv,tv,vv;
  NODE permtrace,perm,trace,intred,ind,t,pi,ti;
  ND *p;
  ND *c;
  ND u;
  P inv;
  VECT vect;

  if ( mod == -2 )
    error("nd_btog_one : not implemented yet for a large finite field");

  get_vars((Obj)f,&fv); pltovl(v,&vv); vlminus(fv,vv,&nd_vc);
  parse_nd_option(vv,current_option);
  for ( nvar = 0, tv = vv; tv; tv = NEXT(tv), nvar++ );
  switch ( ord->id ) {
    case 1:
      if ( ord->nv != nvar )
        error("nd_check : invalid order specification");
      break;
    default:
      break;
  }
  nd_init_ord(ord);
#if 0
  nd_bpe = ZTOS((Q)ARG7(BDY(tlist)));
#else
  nd_bpe = 32;
#endif
  nd_setup_parameters(nvar,0);
  permtrace = BDY((LIST)ARG2(BDY(tlist))); 
  intred = BDY((LIST)ARG3(BDY(tlist))); 
  ind = BDY((LIST)ARG4(BDY(tlist)));
  perm = BDY((LIST)BDY(permtrace)); trace =NEXT(permtrace);
  for ( i = length(perm)-1, t = trace; t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
    j = ZTOS((Q)BDY(BDY((LIST)BDY(t))));
  if ( j > i ) i = j;
  }
  n = i+1;
  nb = length(BDY(f));
  p = (ND *)MALLOC(n*sizeof(ND *));
  for ( t = perm, i = 0; t; t = NEXT(t), i++ ) {
    pi = BDY((LIST)BDY(t)); 
  pi0 = ZTOS((Q)ARG0(pi)); pi1 = ZTOS((Q)ARG1(pi));
  if ( pi1 == pos ) {
    ptomp(mod,(P)ARG2(pi),&inv); 
    ((MQ)inv)->cont = invm(((MQ)inv)->cont,mod);
    u = ptond(CO,vv,(P)ONE);
    HCM(u) = ((MQ)inv)->cont;
    p[pi0] = u;
    }
  }
  for ( t = trace,i=0; t; t = NEXT(t), i++ ) {
  printf("%d ",i); fflush(stdout);
    ti = BDY((LIST)BDY(t));
    p[j=ZTOS((Q)ARG0(ti))] = btog_one(BDY((LIST)ARG1(ti)),p,nb,mod);
    if ( Demand ) {
        nd_save_mod(p[j],j); nd_free(p[j]); p[j] = 0;
  }
  }
  for ( t = intred, i=0; t; t = NEXT(t), i++ ) {
  printf("%d ",i); fflush(stdout);
    ti = BDY((LIST)BDY(t));
    p[j=ZTOS((Q)ARG0(ti))] = btog_one(BDY((LIST)ARG1(ti)),p,nb,mod);
    if ( Demand ) {
        nd_save_mod(p[j],j); nd_free(p[j]); p[j] = 0;
  }
  }
  m = length(ind);
  MKVECT(vect,m);
  for ( j = 0, t = ind; j < m; j++, t = NEXT(t) ) {
  u = p[ZTOS((Q)BDY(t))];
  if ( !u ) {
    u = nd_load_mod(ZTOS((Q)BDY(t)));
    BDY(vect)[j] = ndtodp(mod,u);
    nd_free(u);
  } else
    BDY(vect)[j] = ndtodp(mod,u);
  }
  return vect;
}

void ndv_print_lf(NDV p)
{
    NMV m;
    int i,len;
    
    if ( !p ) printf("0\n");
    else {
        len = LEN(p);
        for ( m = BDY(p), i = 0; i < len; i++, NMV_ADV(m) ) {
            printf("+");
            mpz_out_str(asir_out,10,BDY(CZ(m)));
            printf("*");
            ndl_print(DL(m));
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
}

void nd_f4_lf_trace(LIST f,LIST v,int trace,int homo,struct order_spec *ord,LIST *rp)
{
    VL tv,fv,vv,vc,av;
    NODE fd,fd0,in0,in,r,r0,t,s,cand,alist;
    int m,nocheck,nvar,mindex,e,max;
    NDV c;
    NMV a;
    P p,zp;
    Q dmy;
    EPOS oepos;
    int obpe,oadv,wmax,i,len,cbpe,ishomo,nalg,mrank,trank,ompos;
    Alg alpha,dp;
    P poly;
    LIST f1,f2,zpl;
    Obj obj;
    NumberField nf;
    struct order_spec *ord1;
    struct oEGT eg_check,eg0,eg1;
    NODE tr,tl1,tl2,tl3,tl4;
    LIST l1,l2,l3,l4,l5;
    int *perm;
    int j,ret;
    NODE retn;
    Q jq,bpe;

    nd_module = 0;
    get_vars((Obj)f,&fv); pltovl(v,&vv); vlminus(fv,vv,&nd_vc);
    parse_nd_option(vv,current_option);
    if ( nd_vc )
      error("nd_f4_lf_trace : computation over a rational function field is not implemented");
    for ( nvar = 0, tv = vv; tv; tv = NEXT(tv), nvar++ );
    switch ( ord->id ) {
        case 1:
            if ( ord->nv != nvar )
                error("nd_f4_lf_trace : invalid order specification");
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }

    nd_ntrans = nvar;
    nd_nalg = 0;

    nocheck = 0;
    mindex = 0;

    /* do not use on-demand load/save */
    nd_demand = 0;
    m = trace > 1 ? trace : get_lprime(mindex);
    nd_init_ord(ord);
    mrank = 0;
    for ( t = BDY(f), max = 1; t; t = NEXT(t) )
        for ( tv = vv; tv; tv = NEXT(tv) ) {
            if ( nd_module ) {
                s = BDY((LIST)BDY(t));
                trank = length(s);
                mrank = MAX(mrank,trank);
                for ( ; s; s = NEXT(s) ) {
                    e = getdeg(tv->v,(P)BDY(s));
                    max = MAX(e,max);
                }
            } else {
                e = getdeg(tv->v,(P)BDY(t));
                max = MAX(e,max);
            }
        }
    nd_setup_parameters(nvar,max);
    obpe = nd_bpe; oadv = nmv_adv; oepos = nd_epos; ompos = nd_mpos;
    ishomo = 1;
    /* XXX */
    for ( in0 = 0, fd0 = 0, t = BDY(f); t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
        if ( nd_module ) {
            c = (pointer)pltondv(CO,vv,(LIST)BDY(t));
        } else {
            c = (pointer)ptondv(CO,vv,(P)BDY(t));
        }
        if ( ishomo )
            ishomo = ishomo && ndv_ishomo(c);
        if ( c ) { 
            NEXTNODE(fd0,fd); BDY(fd) = (pointer)ndv_dup(0,c);
            ndv_mod(-2,c);
            NEXTNODE(in0,in); BDY(in) = (pointer)c;
        }
    }
    if ( in0 ) NEXT(in) = 0;
    if ( fd0 ) NEXT(fd) = 0;
    if ( !ishomo && homo ) {
        for ( t = in0, wmax = max; t; t = NEXT(t) ) {
            c = (NDV)BDY(t); len = LEN(c);
            for ( a = BDY(c), i = 0; i < len; i++, NMV_ADV(a) )
                wmax = MAX(TD(DL(a)),wmax);
        }
        homogenize_order(ord,nvar,&ord1);
        nd_init_ord(ord1);
        nd_setup_parameters(nvar+1,wmax);
        for ( t = fd0; t; t = NEXT(t) )
            ndv_homogenize((NDV)BDY(t),obpe,oadv,oepos,ompos);
    }
    if ( MaxDeg > 0 ) nocheck = 1;
    ret = ndv_setup(-2,m,fd0,nd_gbblock?1:0,0,0);
    if ( ret )
      cand = nd_f4_lf_trace_main(m,&perm);
    if ( !ret || !cand ) {
       *rp = 0; return;
    }
    if ( !ishomo && homo ) {
      /* dehomogenization */
      for ( t = cand; t; t = NEXT(t) ) ndv_dehomogenize((NDV)BDY(t),ord);
      nd_init_ord(ord);
      nd_setup_parameters(nvar,0);
    }
    cand = ndv_reducebase(cand,perm);
    cand = ndv_reduceall(-2,cand);
    cbpe = nd_bpe;
    get_eg(&eg0);
    if ( (ret = ndv_check_membership(-2,in0,obpe,oadv,oepos,cand)) != 0 ) {
      /* gbcheck : cand is a GB of Id(cand) ? */
      retn = nd_f4(-2,0,0);
    }
  if ( !retn ) {
      /* failure */
      *rp = 0; return;    
    } 
    get_eg(&eg1); init_eg(&eg_check); add_eg(&eg_check,&eg0,&eg1);
    if ( DP_Print )
        fprintf(asir_out,"check=%.3fsec\n",eg_check.exectime);
    /* dp->p */
    nd_bpe = cbpe;
    nd_setup_parameters(nd_nvar,0);
    for ( r = cand; r; r = NEXT(r) ) {
      if ( nd_module ) BDY(r) = ndvtopl(-2,CO,vv,BDY(r),mrank);
      else BDY(r) = (pointer)ndvtop(-2,CO,vv,BDY(r));
    }
    MKLIST(*rp,cand);
}

NODE nd_f4_lf_trace_main(int m,int **indp)
{
    int i,nh,stat,index;
    NODE r,rm,g;
    ND_pairs d,l,l0,t;
    ND spol,red;
    NDV nf,redv,nfqv,nfv;
    NM s0,s;
    NODE rp0,srp0,nflist,nflist_lf;
    int nsp,nred,col,rank,len,k,j,a;
    UINT c;
    UINT **spmat;
    UINT *s0vect,*svect,*p,*v;
    int *colstat;
    IndArray *imat;
    int *rhead;
    int spcol,sprow;
    int sugar;
    PGeoBucket bucket;
    struct oEGT eg0,eg1,eg_f4;

    g = 0; d = 0;
    for ( i = 0; i < nd_psn; i++ ) {
        d = update_pairs(d,g,i,0);
        g = update_base(g,i);
    }
    while ( d ) {
        get_eg(&eg0);
        l = nd_minsugarp(d,&d);
        sugar = SG(l);
        if ( MaxDeg > 0 && sugar > MaxDeg ) break;
        bucket = create_pbucket();
        stat = nd_sp_f4(m,0,l,bucket);
        if ( !stat ) {
            for ( t = l; NEXT(t); t = NEXT(t) );
            NEXT(t) = d; d = l;
            d = nd_reconstruct(1,d);
            continue;
        }
        if ( bucket->m < 0 ) continue;
        col = nd_symbolic_preproc(bucket,0,&s0vect,&rp0);
        if ( !col ) {
            for ( t = l; NEXT(t); t = NEXT(t) );
            NEXT(t) = d; d = l;
            d = nd_reconstruct(1,d);
            continue;
        }
        get_eg(&eg1); init_eg(&eg_f4); add_eg(&eg_f4,&eg0,&eg1);
        if ( DP_Print )
            fprintf(asir_out,"\nsugar=%d,symb=%.3fsec,",sugar,eg_f4.exectime);
        nflist = nd_f4_red(m,l,0,s0vect,col,rp0,&l0);
        if ( !l0 ) continue;
        l = l0;

        /* over LF */
        bucket = create_pbucket();
        stat = nd_sp_f4(-2,1,l,bucket);
        if ( !stat ) {
            for ( t = l; NEXT(t); t = NEXT(t) );
            NEXT(t) = d; d = l;
            d = nd_reconstruct(1,d);
            continue;
        }
        if ( bucket->m < 0 ) continue;
        col = nd_symbolic_preproc(bucket,1,&s0vect,&rp0);
        if ( !col ) {
            for ( t = l; NEXT(t); t = NEXT(t) );
            NEXT(t) = d; d = l;
            d = nd_reconstruct(1,d);
            continue;
        }
        nflist_lf = nd_f4_red(-2,l,1,s0vect,col,rp0,0);
        /* adding new bases */
        for ( rm = nflist, r = nflist_lf; r && rm; rm = NEXT(rm), r = NEXT(r) ) {
            nfv = (NDV)BDY(rm);
            nfqv = (NDV)BDY(r);
            if ( DL_COMPARE(HDL(nfv),HDL(nfqv)) ) return 0;
            ndv_removecont(m,nfv);
            ndv_removecont(-2,nfqv);
            nh = ndv_newps(-2,nfv,nfqv);
            d = update_pairs(d,g,nh,0);
            g = update_base(g,nh);
        }
        if ( r || rm ) return 0;
    }
  conv_ilist(nd_demand,1,g,indp);
    return g;
}

#if SIZEOF_LONG==8

NDV vect64_to_ndv(mp_limb_t *vect,int spcol,int col,int *rhead,UINT *s0vect)
{
    int j,k,len;
    UINT *p;
    UINT c;
    NDV r;
    NMV mr0,mr;

    for ( j = 0, len = 0; j < spcol; j++ ) if ( vect[j] ) len++;
    if ( !len ) return 0;
    else {
        mr0 = (NMV)MALLOC_ATOMIC_IGNORE_OFF_PAGE(nmv_adv*len);
#if 0
        ndv_alloc += nmv_adv*len;
#endif
        mr = mr0; 
        p = s0vect;
        for ( j = k = 0; j < col; j++, p += nd_wpd )
            if ( !rhead[j] ) {
                if ( (c = (UINT)vect[k++]) != 0 ) {
                    ndl_copy(p,DL(mr)); CM(mr) = c; NMV_ADV(mr);
                }
            }
        MKNDV(nd_nvar,mr0,len,r);
        return r;
    }
}

NDV vect64_to_ndv_s(mp_limb_t *vect,int col,UINT *s0vect)
{
    int j,k,len;
    UINT *p;
    UINT c;
    NDV r;
    NMV mr0,mr;

    for ( j = 0, len = 0; j < col; j++ ) if ( vect[j] ) len++;
    if ( !len ) return 0;
    else {
        mr0 = (NMV)MALLOC_ATOMIC_IGNORE_OFF_PAGE(nmv_adv*len);
        mr = mr0; 
        p = s0vect;
        for ( j = k = 0; j < col; j++, p += nd_wpd )
          if ( (c = (UINT)vect[k++]) != 0 ) {
            ndl_copy(p,DL(mr)); CM(mr) = c; NMV_ADV(mr);
          }
        MKNDV(nd_nvar,mr0,len,r);
        return r;
    }
}

int nd_to_vect64(int mod,UINT *s0,int n,ND d,mp_limb_t *r)
{
    NM m;
    UINT *t,*s,*u;
    int i,st,ed,md,prev,c;

    for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) r[i] = 0;
    prev = 0;
    for ( i = 0, m = BDY(d); m; m = NEXT(m) ) {
      t = DL(m);
      st = prev;
      ed = n;
      while ( ed > st ) {
        md = (st+ed)/2;
        u = s0+md*nd_wpd;
        c = DL_COMPARE(u,t);
        if ( c == 0 ) break;
        else if ( c > 0 ) st = md;
        else ed = md;
      }
      r[md] = (mp_limb_t)CM(m);
      prev = md;
    }
    for ( i = 0; !r[i]; i++ );
    return i;
}

#define MOD128(a,c,m) ((a)=(((c)!=0||((a)>=(m)))?(((((U128)(c))<<64)+(a))%(m)):(a)))

int ndv_reduce_vect64(int m,mp_limb_t *svect,mp_limb_t *cvect,int col,IndArray *imat,NM_ind_pair *rp0,int nred,SIG sig)
{
    int i,j,k,len,pos,prev;
    mp_limb_t a,c,c1,c2;
    IndArray ivect;
    unsigned char *ivc;
    unsigned short *ivs;
    unsigned int *ivi;
    NDV redv;
    NMV mr;
    NODE rp;
    int maxrs;

    for ( i = 0; i < col; i++ ) cvect[i] = 0;
    maxrs = 0;
    for ( i = 0; i < nred; i++ ) {
        ivect = imat[i];
        k = ivect->head; 
        a = svect[k]; c = cvect[k];
        MOD128(a,c,m);
        svect[k] = a; cvect[k] = 0;
        if ( (c = svect[k]) != 0 && (sig == 0 || comp_sig(sig,rp0[i]->sig) > 0 ) ) {
            Nf4_red++;
            maxrs = MAX(maxrs,rp0[i]->sugar);
            c = m-c; redv = nd_ps[rp0[i]->index];
            len = LEN(redv); mr = BDY(redv);
            svect[k] = 0; prev = k;
            switch ( ivect->width ) {
                case 1:
                    ivc = ivect->index.c;
                    for ( j = 1, NMV_ADV(mr); j < len; j++, NMV_ADV(mr) ) {
                        pos = prev+ivc[j]; c1 = CM(mr); prev = pos;
                        c2 = svect[pos]+c1*c;
                        if ( c2 < svect[pos] ) cvect[pos]++;
                        svect[pos] = c2;
                    }
                    break;
                case 2:
                    ivs = ivect->index.s; 
                    for ( j = 1, NMV_ADV(mr); j < len; j++, NMV_ADV(mr) ) {
                        pos = prev+ivs[j]; c1 = CM(mr); prev = pos;
                        c2 = svect[pos]+c1*c;
                        if ( c2 < svect[pos] ) cvect[pos]++;
                        svect[pos] = c2;
                    }
                    break;
                case 4:
                    ivi = ivect->index.i;
                    for ( j = 1, NMV_ADV(mr); j < len; j++, NMV_ADV(mr) ) {
                        pos = prev+ivi[j]; c1 = CM(mr); prev = pos;
                        c2 = svect[pos]+c1*c;
                        if ( c2 < svect[pos] ) cvect[pos]++;
                        svect[pos] = c2;
                    }
                    break;
            }
        }
    }
    for ( i = 0; i < col; i++ ) {
      a = svect[i]; c = cvect[i]; MOD128(a,c,m); svect[i] = a;
    }
    return maxrs;
}

/* for Fp, 2^15=<p<2^29 */

NODE nd_f4_red_mod64_main(int m,ND_pairs sp0,int nsp,UINT *s0vect,int col,
        NM_ind_pair *rvect,int *rhead,IndArray *imat,int nred,ND_pairs *nz)
{
    int spcol,sprow,a;
    int i,j,k,l,rank;
    NODE r0,r;
    ND_pairs sp;
    ND spol;
    mp_limb_t **spmat;
    mp_limb_t *svect,*cvect;
    mp_limb_t *v;
    int *colstat;
    struct oEGT eg0,eg1,eg2,eg_f4,eg_f4_1,eg_f4_2;
    int maxrs;
    int *spsugar;
    ND_pairs *spactive;

    spcol = col-nred;
    get_eg(&eg0);
    /* elimination (1st step) */
    spmat = (mp_limb_t **)MALLOC(nsp*sizeof(mp_limb_t *));
    svect = (mp_limb_t *)MALLOC(col*sizeof(mp_limb_t));
    cvect = (mp_limb_t *)MALLOC(col*sizeof(mp_limb_t));
    spsugar = (int *)MALLOC(nsp*sizeof(int));
    spactive = !nz?0:(ND_pairs *)MALLOC(nsp*sizeof(ND_pairs));
    for ( a = sprow = 0, sp = sp0; a < nsp; a++, sp = NEXT(sp) ) {
        nd_sp(m,0,sp,&spol);
        if ( !spol ) continue;
        nd_to_vect64(m,s0vect,col,spol,svect);
        maxrs = ndv_reduce_vect64(m,svect,cvect,col,imat,rvect,nred,0);
        for ( i = 0; i < col; i++ ) if ( svect[i] ) break;
        if ( i < col ) {
            spmat[sprow] = v = (mp_limb_t *)MALLOC_ATOMIC(spcol*sizeof(mp_limb_t));
            for ( j = k = 0; j < col; j++ )
                if ( !rhead[j] ) v[k++] = (UINT)svect[j];
            spsugar[sprow] = MAX(maxrs,SG(spol));
            if ( nz )
            spactive[sprow] = sp;
            sprow++;
        }
        nd_free(spol);
    }
    get_eg(&eg1); init_eg(&eg_f4_1); add_eg(&eg_f4_1,&eg0,&eg1); add_eg(&f4_elim1,&eg0,&eg1);
    if ( DP_Print ) {
        fprintf(asir_out,"elim1=%.3fsec,",eg_f4_1.exectime);
        fflush(asir_out);
    }
    /* free index arrays */
    for ( i = 0; i < nred; i++ ) GCFREE(imat[i]->index.c);

    /* elimination (2nd step) */
    colstat = (int *)MALLOC(spcol*sizeof(int));
    rank = nd_gauss_elim_mod64(spmat,spsugar,spactive,sprow,spcol,m,colstat);
    r0 = 0;
    for ( i = 0; i < rank; i++ ) {
        NEXTNODE(r0,r); BDY(r) = 
          (pointer)vect64_to_ndv(spmat[i],spcol,col,rhead,s0vect);
        SG((NDV)BDY(r)) = spsugar[i];
        GCFREE(spmat[i]);
    }
    if ( r0 ) NEXT(r) = 0;

    for ( ; i < sprow; i++ ) GCFREE(spmat[i]);
    get_eg(&eg2); init_eg(&eg_f4_2); add_eg(&eg_f4_2,&eg1,&eg2); add_eg(&f4_elim2,&eg1,&eg2);
    init_eg(&eg_f4); add_eg(&eg_f4,&eg0,&eg2);
    if ( DP_Print ) {
        fprintf(asir_out,"elim2=%.3fsec,",eg_f4_2.exectime);
        fprintf(asir_out,"nsp=%d,nred=%d,spmat=(%d,%d),rank=%d ",
            nsp,nred,sprow,spcol,rank);
        fprintf(asir_out,"%.3fsec,",eg_f4.exectime);
    }
    if ( nz ) {
        for ( i = 0; i < rank-1; i++ ) NEXT(spactive[i]) = spactive[i+1];
        if ( rank > 0 ) {
            NEXT(spactive[rank-1]) = 0;
            *nz = spactive[0];
        } else
            *nz = 0;
    }
    return r0;
}

int nd_gauss_elim_mod64(mp_limb_t **mat,int *sugar,ND_pairs *spactive,int row,int col,int md,int *colstat)
{
  int i,j,k,l,rank,s;
  mp_limb_t inv;
  mp_limb_t a;
  UINT c;
  mp_limb_t *t,*pivot,*pk;
  UINT *ck;
  UINT **cmat;
  UINT *ct;
  ND_pairs pair;

  cmat = (UINT **)MALLOC(row*sizeof(UINT *));
  for ( i = 0; i < row; i++ ) {
    cmat[i] = MALLOC_ATOMIC(col*sizeof(UINT));
    bzero(cmat[i],col*sizeof(UINT));
  }

  for ( rank = 0, j = 0; j < col; j++ ) {
    for ( i = rank; i < row; i++ ) {
      a = mat[i][j]; c = cmat[i][j];
      MOD128(a,c,md);
      mat[i][j] = a; cmat[i][j] = 0;
    }
    for ( i = rank; i < row; i++ )
      if ( mat[i][j] )
        break;
    if ( i == row ) {
      colstat[j] = 0;
      continue;
    } else
      colstat[j] = 1;
    if ( i != rank ) {
      t = mat[i]; mat[i] = mat[rank]; mat[rank] = t;
      ct = cmat[i]; cmat[i] = cmat[rank]; cmat[rank] = ct;
      s = sugar[i]; sugar[i] = sugar[rank]; sugar[rank] = s;
      if ( spactive ) {
        pair = spactive[i]; spactive[i] = spactive[rank]; 
        spactive[rank] = pair;
      }
    }
    /* column j is normalized */
    s = sugar[rank];
    inv = invm((UINT)mat[rank][j],md);
    /* normalize pivot row */
    for ( k = j, pk = mat[rank]+j, ck = cmat[rank]+j; k < col; k++, pk++, ck++ ) {
      a = *pk; c = *ck; MOD128(a,c,md); *pk = (a*inv)%md; *ck = 0;
    }
    for ( i = rank+1; i < row; i++ ) {
      if ( (a = mat[i][j]) != 0 ) {
        sugar[i] = MAX(sugar[i],s);
        red_by_vect64(md,mat[i]+j,cmat[i]+j,mat[rank]+j,(int)(md-a),col-j);
        Nf4_red++;
      }
    }
    rank++;
  }
  for ( j = col-1, l = rank-1; j >= 0; j-- )
    if ( colstat[j] ) {
      for ( k = j, pk = mat[l]+j, ck = cmat[l]+j; k < col; k++, pk++, ck++ ) {
        a = *pk; c = *ck; MOD128(a,c,md); *pk = a; *ck = 0;
      }
      s = sugar[l];
      for ( i = 0; i < l; i++ ) {
        a = mat[i][j]; c = cmat[i][j]; MOD128(a,c,md); mat[i][j] = a; cmat[i][j] = 0;
        if ( a ) {
          sugar[i] = MAX(sugar[i],s);
          red_by_vect64(md,mat[i]+j,cmat[i]+j,mat[l]+j,(int)(md-a),col-j);
          Nf4_red++;
        }
      }
      l--;
    }
  for ( i = 0; i < row; i++ ) GCFREE(cmat[i]);
  GCFREE(cmat);
  return rank;
}

int nd_gauss_elim_mod64_s(mp_limb_t **mat,int *sugar,ND_pairs *spactive,int row,int col,int md,int *colstat,SIG *sig)
{
  int i,j,k,l,rank,s,imin;
  mp_limb_t inv;
  mp_limb_t a;
  UINT c;
  mp_limb_t *t,*pivot,*pk;
  UINT *ck;
  UINT **cmat;
  UINT *ct;
  ND_pairs pair;
  SIG sg;
  int *used;

  used = (int *)MALLOC(row*sizeof(int));
  cmat = (UINT **)MALLOC(row*sizeof(UINT *));
  for ( i = 0; i < row; i++ ) {
    cmat[i] = MALLOC_ATOMIC(col*sizeof(UINT));
    bzero(cmat[i],col*sizeof(UINT));
  }

  for ( j = 0; j < col; j++ ) {
    for ( i = 0; i < row; i++ ) {
      a = mat[i][j]; c = cmat[i][j];
      MOD128(a,c,md);
      mat[i][j] = a; cmat[i][j] = 0;
    }
    for ( i = 0; i < row; i++ )
      if ( !used[i] && mat[i][j] ) break;
    if ( i == row ) {
      colstat[j] = 0;
      continue;
    } else {
      colstat[j] = 1;
      used[i] = 1;
    }
    /* column j is normalized */
    s = sugar[i];
    inv = invm((UINT)mat[i][j],md);
    /* normalize pivot row */
    for ( k = j, pk = mat[i]+j, ck = cmat[i]+j; k < col; k++, pk++, ck++ ) {
      a = *pk; c = *ck; MOD128(a,c,md); *pk = (a*inv)%md; *ck = 0;
    }
    for ( k = i+1; k < row; k++ ) {
      if ( (a = mat[k][j]) != 0 ) {
        sugar[k] = MAX(sugar[k],s);
        red_by_vect64(md,mat[k]+j,cmat[k]+j,mat[i]+j,(int)(md-a),col-j);
        Nf4_red++;
      }
    }
  }
  rank = 0;
  for ( i = 0; i < row; i++ ) {
    for ( j = 0; j < col; j++ )
      if ( mat[i][j] ) break;
    if ( j == col ) sugar[i] = -1;
    else rank++;
  }
  for ( i = 0; i < row; i++ ) GCFREE(cmat[i]);
  GCFREE(cmat);
  return rank;
}

NODE nd_f4_red_mod64_main_s(int m,ND_pairs sp0,int nsp,UINT *s0vect,int col,
        NM_ind_pair *rvect,int *rhead,IndArray *imat,int nred,NODE *syzlistp)
{
    int spcol,sprow,a;
    int i,j,k,l,rank;
    NODE r0,r;
    ND_pairs sp;
    ND spol;
    mp_limb_t **spmat;
    mp_limb_t *svect,*cvect;
    mp_limb_t *v;
    int *colstat;
    struct oEGT eg0,eg1,eg2,eg_f4,eg_f4_1,eg_f4_2;
    int maxrs;
    int *spsugar;
    ND_pairs *spactive;
    SIG *spsig;

    get_eg(&eg0);
    /* elimination (1st step) */
    spmat = (mp_limb_t **)MALLOC(nsp*sizeof(mp_limb_t *));
    cvect = (mp_limb_t *)MALLOC(col*sizeof(mp_limb_t));
    spsugar = (int *)MALLOC(nsp*sizeof(int));
    spsig = (SIG *)MALLOC(nsp*sizeof(SIG));
    for ( a = sprow = 0, sp = sp0; a < nsp; a++, sp = NEXT(sp) ) {
        nd_sp(m,0,sp,&spol);
        if ( !spol ) {
          syzlistp[sp->sig->pos] = insert_sig(syzlistp[sp->sig->pos],sp->sig);
          continue;
        }
        svect = (mp_limb_t *)MALLOC(col*sizeof(mp_limb_t));
        nd_to_vect64(m,s0vect,col,spol,svect);
        maxrs = ndv_reduce_vect64(m,svect,cvect,col,imat,rvect,nred,spol->sig);
        for ( i = 0; i < col; i++ ) if ( svect[i] ) break;
        if ( i < col ) {
            spmat[sprow] = svect;
            spsugar[sprow] = MAX(maxrs,SG(spol));
            spsig[sprow] = sp->sig;
            sprow++;
        } else {
          syzlistp[sp->sig->pos] = insert_sig(syzlistp[sp->sig->pos],sp->sig);
        }
        nd_free(spol);
    }
    get_eg(&eg1); init_eg(&eg_f4_1); add_eg(&eg_f4_1,&eg0,&eg1); add_eg(&f4_elim1,&eg0,&eg1);
    if ( DP_Print ) {
        fprintf(asir_out,"elim1=%.3fsec,",eg_f4_1.exectime);
        fflush(asir_out);
    }
    /* free index arrays */
    for ( i = 0; i < nred; i++ ) GCFREE(imat[i]->index.c);

    /* elimination (2nd step) */
    colstat = (int *)MALLOC(col*sizeof(int));
    rank = nd_gauss_elim_mod64_s(spmat,spsugar,0,sprow,col,m,colstat,spsig);
    r0 = 0;
    for ( i = 0; i < sprow; i++ ) {
        if ( spsugar[i] >= 0 ) {
          NEXTNODE(r0,r);
          BDY(r) = vect64_to_ndv_s(spmat[i],col,s0vect);
          SG((NDV)BDY(r)) = spsugar[i];
          ((NDV)BDY(r))->sig = spsig[i];
        } else
          syzlistp[spsig[i]->pos] = insert_sig(syzlistp[spsig[i]->pos],spsig[i]);
        GCFREE(spmat[i]);
    }
    if ( r0 ) NEXT(r) = 0;
    get_eg(&eg2); init_eg(&eg_f4_2); add_eg(&eg_f4_2,&eg1,&eg2); add_eg(&f4_elim2,&eg1,&eg2);
    init_eg(&eg_f4); add_eg(&eg_f4,&eg0,&eg2);
    if ( DP_Print ) {
        fprintf(asir_out,"elim2=%.3fsec,",eg_f4_2.exectime);
        fprintf(asir_out,"nsp=%d,nred=%d,spmat=(%d,%d),rank=%d ",
            nsp,nred,sprow,col,rank);
        fprintf(asir_out,"%.3fsec,",eg_f4.exectime);
    }
    return r0;
}
#endif

NODE nd_f4_red_s(int m,ND_pairs sp0,int trace,UINT *s0vect,int col,NODE rp0,NODE *syzlistp)
{
  IndArray *imat;
  int nsp,nred,i,start;
  int *rhead;
  NODE r0,rp;
  ND_pairs sp;
  NM_ind_pair *rvect;
  UINT *s;
  int *s0hash;
  struct oEGT eg0,eg1,eg_conv;

  for ( sp = sp0, nsp = 0; sp; sp = NEXT(sp), nsp++ );
  nred = length(rp0);
  imat = (IndArray *)MALLOC(nred*sizeof(IndArray));
  rhead = (int *)MALLOC(col*sizeof(int));
  for ( i = 0; i < col; i++ ) rhead[i] = 0;

  /* construction of index arrays */
  get_eg(&eg0);
  if ( DP_Print ) {
    fprintf(asir_out,"%dx%d,",nsp+nred,col);
    fflush(asir_out);
  }
  rvect = (NM_ind_pair *)MALLOC(nred*sizeof(NM_ind_pair));
  for ( start = 0, rp = rp0, i = 0; rp; i++, rp = NEXT(rp) ) {
    rvect[i] = (NM_ind_pair)BDY(rp);
    imat[i] = nm_ind_pair_to_vect_compress(trace,s0vect,col,rvect[i],start);
    rhead[imat[i]->head] = 1;
    start = imat[i]->head;
  }
  get_eg(&eg1); init_eg(&eg_conv); add_eg(&eg_conv,&eg0,&eg1); add_eg(&f4_conv,&eg0,&eg1);
  if ( DP_Print ) {
    fprintf(asir_out,"conv=%.3fsec,",eg_conv.exectime);
    fflush(asir_out);
  }
  if ( m > 0 )
#if SIZEOF_LONG==8
    r0 = nd_f4_red_mod64_main_s(m,sp0,nsp,s0vect,col,rvect,rhead,imat,nred,syzlistp);
#else
    r0 = nd_f4_red_main_s(m,sp0,nsp,s0vect,col,rvect,rhead,imat,nred,syzlistp);
#endif
  else
//    r0 = nd_f4_red_q_main_s(sp0,nsp,trace,s0vect,col,rvect,rhead,imat,nred);
    error("nd_f4_red_q_main_s : not implemented yet");
  return r0;
}

INLINE int ndl_find_reducer_minsig(UINT *dg)
{
  RHist r;
  int i,singular,ret,d,k,imin;
  SIG t;
  static int wpd,nvar;
  static SIG quo,quomin;
  static UINT *tmp;

  if ( !quo || nvar != nd_nvar ) { NEWSIG(quo); NEWSIG(quomin); }
  if ( wpd != nd_wpd ) {
    wpd = nd_wpd;
    tmp = (UINT *)MALLOC(wpd*sizeof(UINT));
  }
#if 0
  d = ndl_hash_value(dg);
  for ( r = nd_red[d], k = 0; r; r = NEXT(r), k++ ) {
    if ( ndl_equal(dg,DL(r)) ) {
      return r->index;
    }
  }
#endif
  imin = -1;
  for ( i = 0; i < nd_psn; i++ ) {
    r = nd_psh[i];
    if ( ndl_reducible(dg,DL(r)) ) {
      ndl_sub(dg,DL(r),tmp);
      _ndltodl(tmp,DL(quo));
      _addtodl(nd_nvar,DL(nd_psh[i]->sig),DL(quo));
      quo->pos = nd_psh[i]->sig->pos;
      if ( imin < 0 || comp_sig(quomin,quo) > 0 ) {
        t = quo; quo = quomin; quomin = t;
        imin = i;
      }
    }
  }
  if ( imin == -1 ) return nd_psn;
  else {
#if 0
    nd_append_red(dg,i);
#endif
    return imin;
  }
}

int nd_symbolic_preproc_s(PGeoBucket bucket,int trace,UINT **s0vect,NODE *r)
{
  NODE rp0,rp;
  NM mul,head,s0,s;
  int index,col,i,sugar;
  RHist h;
  UINT *s0v,*p;
  NM_ind_pair pair;
  ND red;
  NDV *ps;
  SIG sig;

  s0 = 0; rp0 = 0; col = 0;
  if ( nd_demand )
    ps = trace?nd_ps_trace_sym:nd_ps_sym;
  else
    ps = trace?nd_ps_trace:nd_ps;
  while ( 1 ) {
    head = remove_head_pbucket_symbolic(bucket);
    if ( !head ) break;
    if ( !s0 ) s0 = head;
    else NEXT(s) = head;
    s = head;
    index = ndl_find_reducer_minsig(DL(head));
    if ( index >= 0 && index < nd_psn ) {
      h = nd_psh[index];
      NEWNM(mul);
      ndl_sub(DL(head),DL(h),DL(mul));
      if ( ndl_check_bound2(index,DL(mul)) ) 
        return 0;
      sugar = TD(DL(mul))+SG(ps[index]);
      NEWSIG(sig);
      _ndltodl(DL(mul),DL(sig));
      _addtodl(nd_nvar,DL(nd_psh[index]->sig),DL(sig));
      sig->pos = nd_psh[index]->sig->pos;
      MKNM_ind_pair(pair,mul,index,sugar,sig);
      red = ndv_mul_nm_symbolic(mul,ps[index]);
      add_pbucket_symbolic(bucket,nd_remove_head(red));
      NEXTNODE(rp0,rp); BDY(rp) = (pointer)pair;
    }
    col++;
  }
  if ( rp0 ) NEXT(rp) = 0;
  NEXT(s) = 0;
  s0v = (UINT *)MALLOC_ATOMIC(col*nd_wpd*sizeof(UINT));
  for ( i = 0, p = s0v, s = s0; i < col;
    i++, p += nd_wpd, s = NEXT(s) ) ndl_copy(DL(s),p);
  *s0vect = s0v;        
  *r = rp0;

  return col;
}

NODE nd_sba_f4(int m,int **indp)
{
  int i,nh,stat,index,f4red,f4step;
  int col,rank,len,k,j,a,sugar,nbase,psugar,ms;
  NODE r,g,rp0,nflist;
  ND_pairs d,l,t,l1;
  ND h,nf;
  NDV nfv;
  union oNDC hc;
  UINT *s0vect;
  UINT c;
  PGeoBucket bucket;
  NODE *syzlist;
  SIG sig;
  struct oEGT eg0,eg1,eg_f4;
  struct oEGT eg2,eg_update,eg_remove,eg_large,eg_nf,eg_nfzero;

  Nf4_red=0;
  d = 0;
  syzlist = (NODE *)MALLOC(nd_psn*sizeof(NODE));
  for ( i = 0; i < nd_psn; i++ ) {
    d = update_pairs_s(d,i,syzlist);
  }
  nd_nbase = nd_psn;
  f4red = 1;
  psugar = 0;
  f4step = 0;
  while ( d ) {
    for ( t = d, ms = SG(d); t; t = NEXT(t) )
      if ( SG(t) < ms ) ms = SG(t);
    if ( ms == psugar && f4step >= nd_sba_f4step ) {
again:
      l = d; d = d->next;
#if 0
      if ( small_lcm(l) ) {
        if ( DP_Print ) fprintf(asir_out,"M");
        continue;
      }
      sig = l->sig;
      stat = nd_sp(m,0,l,&h);
#else
      l1 = find_smallest_lcm(l);
      if ( l1 == 0 ) {
        if ( DP_Print ) fprintf(asir_out,"M");
        continue;
      }
      sig = l1->sig;
      stat = nd_sp(m,0,l1,&h);
#endif
      if ( !stat ) {
        NEXT(l) = d; d = l;
        d = nd_reconstruct(0,d);
        goto again;
      }
  get_eg(&eg1);
  #if USE_GEOBUCKET
      stat = m?nd_nf_pbucket_s(m,h,nd_ps,!nd_top&&!Top,&nf):nd_nf_s(m,0,h,nd_ps,!nd_top&&!Top,&nf);
  #else
      stat = nd_nf_s(m,0,h,nd_ps,!nd_top&&!Top,&nf);
  #endif
  get_eg(&eg2); 
      if ( !stat ) {
        NEXT(l) = d; d = l;
        d = nd_reconstruct(0,d);
        goto again;
      } else if ( stat == -1 ) {
        if ( DP_Print ) { printf("S"); fflush(stdout); }
        FREENDP(l);
      } else if ( nf ) {
        if ( DP_Print ) { printf("+"); fflush(stdout); }
        add_eg(&eg_nf,&eg1,&eg2);
        hc = HCU(nf);
        nd_removecont(m,nf);
        nfv = ndtondv(m,nf); nd_free(nf);
        nh = ndv_newps(m,nfv,0);
  
        d = update_pairs_s(d,nh,syzlist);
        nd_sba_pos[sig->pos] = append_one(nd_sba_pos[sig->pos],nh);
        FREENDP(l);
      } else {
        add_eg(&eg_nfzero,&eg1,&eg2);
       // syzygy
  get_eg(&eg1);
        d = remove_spair_s(d,sig);
  get_eg(&eg2); add_eg(&eg_remove,&eg1,&eg2);
        syzlist[sig->pos] = insert_sig(syzlist[sig->pos],sig);
        if ( DP_Print ) { printf("."); fflush(stdout); }
        FREENDP(l);
      }
    } else {
      if ( ms != psugar ) f4step = 1;
      else f4step++;
again2:
      psugar = ms;
      l = nd_minsugarp_s(d,&d);
      sugar = nd_sugarweight?d->sugar2:SG(d);
      bucket = create_pbucket();
      stat = nd_sp_f4(m,0,l,bucket);
      if ( !stat ) {
        for ( t = l; NEXT(t); t = NEXT(t) );
        NEXT(t) = d; d = l;
        d = nd_reconstruct(0,d);
        goto again2;
      }
      if ( bucket->m < 0 ) continue;
      col = nd_symbolic_preproc_s(bucket,0,&s0vect,&rp0);
      if ( !col ) {
        for ( t = l; NEXT(t); t = NEXT(t) )
          ;
        NEXT(t) = d; d = l;
        d = nd_reconstruct(0,d);
        goto again2;
      }
      if ( DP_Print ) fprintf(asir_out,"\nsugar=%d,",psugar);
      nflist = nd_f4_red_s(m,l,0,s0vect,col,rp0,syzlist);
      /* adding new bases */
      for ( r = nflist; r; r = NEXT(r) ) {
        nfv = (NDV)BDY(r);
        if ( nd_f4_td ) SG(nfv) = nd_tdeg(nfv);
        ndv_removecont(m,nfv);
        nh = ndv_newps(m,nfv,0);
        d = update_pairs_s(d,nh,syzlist);
        nd_sba_pos[nfv->sig->pos] = append_one(nd_sba_pos[nfv->sig->pos],nh);
      }
      for ( i = 0; i < nd_nbase; i++ )
        for ( r = syzlist[i]; r; r = NEXT(r) )
            d = remove_spair_s(d,(SIG)BDY(r));
      d = remove_large_lcm(d);
      if ( DP_Print ) { 
        fprintf(asir_out,"f4red=%d,gblen=%d",f4red,nd_psn); fflush(asir_out);
      }
      f4red++;
    }
  }
  if ( DP_Print ) {
    fprintf(asir_out,"\nnumber of red=%d,",Nf4_red);
  }
  g = conv_ilist_s(nd_demand,0,indp);
  return g;
}